scholarly journals Sucrose Transport into Citrus Juice Cells: Evidence for an Endocytic Transport System

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Etxeberria ◽  
Pedro Gonzalez ◽  
Javier Pozueta-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Sucrose Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vesicles ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Phosphatase ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

To investigate the mechanisms of sucrose transport and its accumulation into `Murcott' mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit, developmental changes in determinants of sink strength such as sucrose metabolizing enzymes, and sucrose transport across both plasmalemma and tonoplast were analyzed. Concurrently with sucrose levels, sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose phosphate phosphatase increased throughout fruit development. Plasmalemma and tonoplast vesicles isolated from fruit collected at different developmental stages were analyzed for their transport capabilities. Sucrose uptake into energized plasmalemma vesicles was abolished by gramicidin, which is in accordance with the presence of an active symport mechanism of sucrose transport from the apoplast into the cytosol. Unexpectedly, tonoplast vesicles were shown to lack active transport mechanism of sucrose into the vacuole. More importantly, however, and in conformity with recent findings showing the occurrence of an endocytic mechanism of ion uptake in maize (Zea mays L.) root cells, citrus (Citrus L.) juice cells were shown to incorporate membrane impermeable dyes into their vacuoles in the presence of sucrose. High definition confocal microscopy revealed the co-localization of membrane impermeable markers in cytoplasmic vesicles and the formation of vesicles at the plasmalemma. The data provide evidence for an endocytic system of transport that allows direct incorporation of sucrose from the apoplast to the vacuole bypassing both the plasmalemma and tonoplast.

scholarly journals (461) Endocytic Uptake of Quantum Dots and Endocytic Markers into `Sweet Lime' Juice Cells

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1047C-1047
Author(s):  
Ed Etxeberria ◽  
Pedro Gonzalez ◽  
Javier Pozueta
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Lime Juice ◽  
Sweet Lime ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vesicles ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Phosphatase ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

To determine whether the mechanisms of sucrose accumulation into the low acid `Sweet Lime' (Citrus limmetioides Blanco) juice cells are consistent with those previously reported for the more acidic cultivars, we followed similar developmental changes in determinants of sink strength. In addition, we followed the incorporation and distribution of quantum dots and fluorescent endocytic probes into the cell with time of incubation. As in other citrus fruits, sucrose levels, sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, and sucrose phosphate phosphatase increased throughout fruit development. The pH however, was much higher than in the more acidic cultivars. Sucrose uptake into energized plasmalemma vesicles was inhibited by gramicidin, in accordance with the presence of an active symport mechanism of sucrose from the apoplast into the cytosol. On the contrary, tonoplast vesicles were shown to lack active transport mechanism of sucrose into the vacuole. In conformity with recent findings showing the occurrence of an endocytic mechanism in `Murcott' mandarin, `Sweet Lime' juice cells were shown to incorporate membrane-impermeable dyes into their vacuoles in the presence of sucrose. High-definition confocal microscopy revealed the co-localization of membrane-impermeable markers in cytoplasmic vesicles, in membrane-bound intermediate structures such as the endosome and multi-vesicular body, and the eventual distribution of such fluorescent particles. The data provide strong evidence for an endocytic system of transport that allows direct incorporation of sucrose from the apoplast to the vacuole and for the visualization of intermediate distribution and cargo centers in the cell.

scholarly journals Differential expression in leaves of Saccharum genotypes contrasting in biomass production provides evidence of genes involved in carbon partitioning

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Henrique Correr ◽  
Guilherme Kenichi Hosaka ◽  
Fernanda Zatti Barreto ◽  
Isabella Barros Valadão ◽  
Thiago Willian Almeida Balsalobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Phosphatase ◽  
Source Tissue ◽  
Industrial Yield ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

Abstract Background The development of biomass crops aims to meet industrial yield demands, in order to optimize profitability and sustainability. Achieving these goals in an energy crop like sugarcane relies on breeding for sucrose accumulation, fiber content and stalk number. To expand the understanding of the biological pathways related to these traits, we evaluated gene expression of two groups of genotypes contrasting in biomass composition. Results First visible dewlap leaves were collected from 12 genotypes, six per group, to perform RNA-Seq. We found a high number of differentially expressed genes, showing how hybridization in a complex polyploid system caused extensive modifications in genome functioning. We found evidence that differences in transposition and defense related genes may arise due to the complex nature of the polyploid Saccharum genomes. Genotypes within both biomass groups showed substantial variability in genes involved in photosynthesis. However, most genes coding for photosystem components or those coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases (PEPCs) were upregulated in the high biomass group. Sucrose synthase (SuSy) coding genes were upregulated in the low biomass group, showing that this enzyme class can be involved with sucrose synthesis in leaves, similarly to sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose phosphate phosphatase (SPP). Genes in pathways related to biosynthesis of cell wall components and expansins coding genes showed low average expression levels and were mostly upregulated in the high biomass group. Conclusions Together, these results show differences in carbohydrate synthesis and carbon partitioning in the source tissue of distinct phenotypic groups. Our data from sugarcane leaves revealed how hybridization in a complex polyploid system resulted in noticeably different transcriptomic profiles between contrasting genotypes.

scholarly journals Differential Expression in Leaves of Saccharum Genotypes Contrasting in Biomass Production Provides Evidence of Genes Involved in Carbon Partitioning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Henrique Correr ◽  
Guilherme Kenichi Hosaka ◽  
Fernanda Zatti Barreto ◽  
Isabella Barros Valadão ◽  
Thiago Willian Almeida Balsalobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Phosphatase ◽  
Source Tissue ◽  
Industrial Yield ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

Abstract Background The development of biomass crops aims to meet industrial yield demands, in order to optimize profitability and sustainability. Achieving these goals in an energy crop like sugarcane relies on breeding for sucrose accumulation, fiber content and stalk number. To expand the understanding of the biological pathways related to these traits, we evaluated gene expression of two groups of genotypes contrasting in biomass composition. Results First visible dewlap leaves were collected from 12 genotypes, six per group, to perform RNA-SEq. We found a high number of differentially expressed genes, showing how hybridization in a complex polyploid system caused extensive modifications in genome functioning. We found evidence that the variation between these groups may be partly due to the expansion of the Saccharum genomes by differential transposition and defense related genes. Genotypes within both biomass groups showed substantial variability in genes involved in photosynthesis. However, most genes coding for photosystem components or those coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases (PEPCs) were upregulated in the high biomass group. Sucrose synthase (SuSy) coding genes were upregulated in the low biomass group, showing that this enzyme class can be involved with sucrose synthesis in leaves, similarly to sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose phosphate phosphatase (SPP). Genes in pathways related to biosynthesis of cell wall components and expansins coding genes showed low average expression levels and were mostly upregulated in the high biomass group. Conclusions Together, these results show differences in carbohydrate synthesis and carbon partitioning in the source tissue of distinct phenotypic groups. Our data from sugarcane leaves revealed how hybridization in a complex polyploid system resulted in noticeably different transcriptomic profiles between contrasting genotypes.

scholarly journals Sucrose-phosphate phosphatase from sugarcane reveals an ancestral tandem duplication

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Gabriela Sedano Partida ◽  
Henrique Moura Dias ◽  
Diana Susana Martinez Corcino ◽  
Marie-Anne Van Sluys
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Genome Sequencing Effort ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Phosphatase ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

Abstract Background Sugarcane is capable to store large amounts of sucrose in the culm at maturity hence it became a major source of sucrose for the food and the renewable energy industries. Sucrose, the main disaccharide produced by photosynthesis, is mainly stored in the vacuole of the cells of non-photosynthetic tissues. Two pathways are known to release free sucrose in plant cells, one is de novo synthesis dependent on sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose phosphate phosphatase (S6PP) while the other is regulatory and dependent on sucrose synthase (SuSy) activity. The molecular understanding of genes that give rise to the expression of the enzyme sucrose phosphate phosphatase, responsible for the release of sucrose in the last synthetic step lag behind the regulatory SuSy gene. Results Sugarcane genome sequencing effort disclosed the existence of a tandem duplication and the present work further support that both S6PP.1 and S6PP_2D isoforms are actively transcribed in young sugarcane plants but significantly less at maturity. Two commercial hybrids (SP80–3280 and R570) and both Saccharum spontaneum (IN84–58) and S.officinarum (BADILLA) exhibit transcriptional activity at three-month-old plants of the tandem S6PP_2D in leaves, culm, meristem and root system with a cultivar-specific distribution. Moreover, this tandem duplication is shared with other grasses and is ancestral in the group. Conclusion Detection of a new isoform of S6PP resulting from the translation of 14 exon-containing transcript (S6PP_2D) will contribute to the knowledge of sucrose metabolism in plants. In addition, expression varies along plant development and between sugarcane cultivars and parental species.

scholarly journals Sucrose Metabolism During Papaya (Carica papaya) Fruit Growth and Ripening

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Zhou ◽  
Robert E. Paull
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Fruit Flesh ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit flesh and seed growth, fruit respiration, sugar accumulation, and the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), and acid invertase (AI) were determined from anthesis for ≈150 days after anthesis (DAA), the full ripe stage. Sugar began to accumulate in the fruit flesh between 100 and 140 DAA, after seed maturation had occurred. SPS activity remained low throughout fruit development. The activity of SS was high 14 DAA and decreased to less than one-fourth within 56 DAA, then remained constant during the remainder of fruit development. AI activity was low in young fruit and began to increase 90 DAA and reached a peak more than 10-fold higher, 125 DAA, as sugar accumulated in the flesh. Results suggest that SS and AI are two major enzymes that may determine papaya fruit sink strength in the early and late fruit development phases, respectively. AI activity paralleled sugar accumulation and may be involved in phloem sugar unloading.

scholarly journals Differential Expression in Leaves of Saccharum Genotypes Contrasting in Biomass Production Provides Evidence of Genes Involved in Carbon Partitioning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Henrique Correr ◽  
Guilherme Kenichi Hosaka ◽  
Fernanda Zatti Barreto ◽  
Isabella Barros Valadão ◽  
Thiago Willian Almeida Balsalobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Phosphatase ◽  
Source Tissue ◽  
Industrial Yield ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

Abstract BackgroundThe development of biomass crops aims to meet industrial yield demands, in order to optimize profitability and sustainability. Achieving these goals in an energy crop like sugarcane relies on breeding for sucrose accumulation, fiber content and stalk number. To expand the understanding of the biological pathways related to these traits, we evaluated gene expression of two groups of genotypes contrasting in biomass composition.ResultsFirst visible dewlap leaves were collected from 12 genotypes, six per group, to perform RNA-Seq. We found a high number of differentially expressed genes, showing how hybridization in a complex polyploid system caused extensive modifications in genome functioning. We found evidence that differences in transposition and defense related genes may arise due to the complex nature of the polyploid Saccharum genomes. Genotypes within both biomass groups showed substantial variability in genes involved in photosynthesis. However, most genes coding for photosystem components or those coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases (PEPCs) were upregulated in the high biomass group. Sucrose synthase (SuSy) coding genes were upregulated in the low biomass group, showing that this enzyme class can be involved with sucrose synthesis in leaves, similarly to sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose phosphate phosphatase (SPP). Genes in pathways related to biosynthesis of cell wall components and expansins coding genes showed low average expression levels and were mostly upregulated in the high biomass group.ConclusionsTogether, these results show differences in carbohydrate synthesis and carbon partitioning in the source tissue of distinct phenotypic groups. Our data from sugarcane leaves revealed how hybridization in a complex polyploid system resulted in noticeably different transcriptomic profiles between contrasting genotypes.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Stress on Enzymes that Affect Sucrose Levels in Potato Shoots

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1152-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Lorenzen ◽  
Abbas M. Lafta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Neutral Invertase ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) responds to heat stress with a shift in partitioning from tubers to shoots. Enzymes responsible for sucrolysis previously have been used as indicators of sink strength and are likely involved in controlling flow of carbon into developing organs. Changes in activity of enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism were investigated in shoots of two potato cultivars that previously were characterized as susceptible and tolerant to heat stress. Enzyme activity of sucrose synthase (SS) and invertases was determined for mature leaves, young leaves, and stems of plants adapted to 21/19 °C, or after transferring plants to 29/27 °C for 3 days. High temperatures resulted in a nonsignificant increase in activities of SS, acid, and neutral invertase in young growing leaves but not in stems or mature leaves. The combined activity of the two invertases was ≈40 times higher than SS activity in young leaves. There was no temperature genotype interaction with regard to these enzymes in the tissues investigated. A previously reported increase in activity of sucrose-phosphate synthase in mature leaves of plants subjected to high temperature was reversed after these plants were returned to a normal growing temperature.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN CARBOHYDRATE LEVELS AND SUCROSE-METABOLYZING ENZYMES DURING DEVELOPING AND RIPENING IN WATERMELON

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 754f-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Woods ◽  
D.G. Himelrick ◽  
R. Aynaou ◽  
G.E. Boyhan ◽  
T.M. Brasher
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Sucrose Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

Changes in the activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes as related to ontogeny and ripening were studied in fruit mesocarp tissues of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai, cvs. A.U. Producer and Sweet Scarlet]. The levels of soluble sugars and the activities of sucrose synthase (SS; EC 2.4.1.13), sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14), and invertase (INV; EC 3.2.1.26) were measured. The temporal pattern of these enzymes relative to the levels of soluble sugars were similar for both cultivars. `Sweet Scarlet' was characterized by having higher INV and SPS activities, while SS activities tended to be similar in both cultivars during fruit development. During later stages of ripening, `Sweet Scarlet' tended toaccumulate reducing sugars, while `AU Producer' tended to accumulate sucrose and therefore had lower sucrose-cleaving enzyme activity. Results indicate that SPS and INV appear to play a prominent role in carbohydrate metabolism in developing and ripening tissues of watermelon.

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