scholarly journals Selenium Increases Sulfur Uptake and Regulates Glucosinolate Metabolism in Rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather D. Toler ◽  
Craig S. Charron ◽  
Carl E. Sams ◽  
William R. Randle
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Rapid Cycling ◽  
Sulfur Concentration ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Freeze Dried

Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing secondary plant metabolites commonly found in the family Brassicaceae. The presence of selenium in soils increases the uptake of sulfur and inhibits the production of glucosinolates in brassicaceous plants. This study was undertaken to determine the extent of selenium's impact on sulfur uptake and glucosinolate production in Brassica oleracea L. Rapid-cycling B. oleracea plants were grown hydroponically in half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution with selenium treatments delivered as sodium selenate concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 mg·L−1. Elevated sulfur treatments of 37 mg·L−1 sulfate and 37 mg·L−1 sulfate/0.75 mg·L−1 selenate were incorporated to compare with selenium treatments. Plants were harvested and freeze-dried 1 day before anthesis. Selenium and sulfur content of plant tissue was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and a carbon–nitrogen–sulfur analyzer. Glucosinolate content of leaf tissue was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Selenium and sulfur uptake in plants positively correlated with selenium concentration in the nutrient solution. The sulfur concentration of plants exposed to selenium equaled or exceeded the sulfur concentration of plants exposed to elevated sulfur. Despite higher sulfur concentrations, there occurred a statistically significant decrease in production of five of the seven glucosinolates analyzed in selenium-enriched plants. Plants that underwent elevated sulfur treatments had higher glucosinolate production than selenium-treated plants. These results suggest that selenium either upregulates or prevents the downregulation of sulfur uptake in B. oleracea. In addition, the presence of selenium within the plant appears to have a negative impact on the production of certain glucosinolates despite adequate availability of sulfur.

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cultivar response to boron deficiency

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Shelp ◽  
R. Penner ◽  
Z. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Percent Decline

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cultivar, Commander, characterized by low susceptibility to the hollow stem disorder commonly associated with boron (B) deficiency was compared to one with high susceptibility (cv. Stolto) and to two which are grown commercially (cvs. Baccus and Premium Crop). Beginning 3 wk after germination plants grown in a glasshouse in vermiculite were supplied continuously with a nutrient solution containing adequate B (0.5 mg L−1) or none (deficient), or were supplied initially with 0.5 mg B L−1 up to the initiation of inflorescence development after which no B was supplied. All cultivars showed visible symptoms of B deficiency (leaf midrib cracking, stem corkiness, necrotic lesions and hollowing in the stem pith) and reductions in shoot fresh weight with the zero B treatment, but Commander was least affected. Also, the B concentrations of the florets from Commander were highest and showed the lowest percent decline relative to the 0.5 mg B L−1 treatment. When B was removed from the nutrient solution at initiation of inflorescence development, the B concentrations of the florets and young leaves of all cultivars were higher than in the zero B treatment. Compared to the 0.5 mg B L−1 treatment, the B concentrations of old leaves from all cultivars were reduced, but only in Premium Crop was the floret B significantly decreased.Key words: Boron nutrition, Brassica, broccoli, nutrient deficiency, retranslocation

scholarly journals Quantitative Determination of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids in Fresh Whole Crop Rice, Silage, and Hay at Different Harvest Periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 7981
Author(s):  
Palaniselvam Kuppusamy ◽  
Dahye Kim ◽  
Hyung Soo Park ◽  
Jeong Sung Jung ◽  
Ki Choon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Fresh Freeze ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Whole crop rice (WCR) is used as an important feed for livestock ruminants. In this study, “Yeongwoo” variety WCR (cultivated on the Korean peninsula) was harvested at three different maturity stages (booting, heading, and milk) and their phenolic acid and flavonoid profiles in the lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-inoculated and noninoculated silage, hay, and fresh freeze-dried WCR extract were quantified. The alterations in the phenolic and flavonoid contents of the selected WCR during maturation in different samples were analyzed by the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography- Diode Array Detector (HPLC–DAD) technique. The six phenolics (caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, dihydroxy benzoic acid, and prophyl gallate) and six flavonoids (rutin hydroxide, luteolin, kaempferol, vitexin, myricetin, and quercetin) were noted to have slight differences between the LAB-inoculated and noninoculated silage samples; however, the phenolics and flavonoids were higher in hay WCR at the milk stage compared to the silage and fresh freeze-dried samples. The results indicate that WCR harvest times have different phenolic compounds in the WCR silage, hay, and fresh samples. The phenolic and flavonoid compounds were higher (p < 0.05) with the increase in maturity (Stage 1–3). The stage of WCR maturity was positively related (p < 0.05) to the amount of phenolic acid and flavonoid contents (µg/g) in hay, silage, and fresh freeze-dried extract. We observed the WCR had high amounts of phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations at milk stage (Stage 3) hay (quercetin, kaemferol, luteolin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and coumaric acid were 1.28, 1.29, 0.54, 1.54, 1.92, and 1.81 µg/g, respectively) compared with the booting and heading stages (Stages 1 and 2), with acceptable accuracy on a pilot scale. Based on these results, it could be concluded that LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum)-inoculated whole crop rice silage (WCRS) did not affect the phenolics and flavonoids of secondary plant metabolites in fermented silage. However, phenolics and flavonoids were of higher rations in WCR at the milk stage. Furthermore, this phenolic acid and flavonoid effect needs to be confirmed using large-scale in vivo analysis.

scholarly journals Impact of Glucosinolate Content in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea (Italica Group)) on Growth of Pseudomonas marginalis, a Causal Agent of Bacterial Soft Rot

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Charron ◽  
Carl E. Sams ◽  
Craig H. Canaday
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Bacterial Soft Rot ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
The Impact

Glucosinolate degradation products are known to suppress microbes. Brassica species produce glucosinolates. Previous investigations determined that susceptibility to bacterial soft rot of broccoli (Brassica oleracea (Italica group)) varied significantly by cultivar. To evaluate the impact of glucosinolates on Pseudomonas marginalis, a causal agent of bacterial soft rot, glucosinolates were measured in lyophilized florets from broccoli ‘Arcadia’, ‘Emperor’, ‘Green Comet’, ‘Green Valiant’, ‘Marathon’, ‘Packman’, ‘Premium Crop’, and ‘Shogun’. Total glucosinolate content was highest in ‘Shogun’ (29.8 μmol/g) and lowest in ‘Emperor’ (0.5 μmol/g). In an in vitro assay, simple linear regression analysis showed that 48% of differences in suppression of P. marginalis growth could be explained by differences in total glucosinolate content (P ≤ 0.01). Plant breeding efforts should include glucosinolate levels as a factor in selecting for disease resistance.

scholarly journals Freeze-Dried Food in the Diet of Temporary Residents of the Far North

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Titov ◽  
Irina Krasnova ◽  
Vera Ganina ◽  
Elena Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Far North ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Freeze Dried

Introduction. The Russian Arctic, also called the Far North, attracts a lot of people who work on a fly-in fly-out basis. These temporary residents experience the negative impact of the harsh climate and suffer from unvaried diets and poor ration. Freeze-dried products might be the optimal solution to this problem. The research objective was to find a rationale for the use of freeze-dried long-storage products in the diets of temporary residents in regions with harsh climatic conditions. Study objects and methods. The research featured scientific publications on two topics: 1) nutrition and diet of shift workers in the Far North, 2) development of freeze-dried products for long-term storage in extreme conditions. Results and discussion. Shift workers consume a lot of fats and carbohydrates, while their diet lacks complete proteins, vitamins, minerals, dairy products, and fresh fruits and vegetables. Taking into consideration the high content of sugar and confectionery, the diet ruins the health of the temporary residents and causes alimentary chronic non-infectious diseases. A healthy diet for the Russian Arctic should correspond to the metabolic profile typical of people in chronic environment stress and be complete both quantitatively and qualitatively. Important food products are difficult to deliver to the Far North. As a result, they are microbiologically and chemically contaminated. Therefore, the region needs high-quality functional products with prolonged shelf life. Conclusion. Freeze-dried fermented milk products, fruits, and vegetables can help temporary residents of the Far North to maintain their usual food patterns. Freeze-dried foods have a long shelf life in unregulated temperature conditions, which can solve the issue of food supply even to the most remote settlements.

scholarly journals Calcium Nutrition and Cultivar Influence Incidence of Tipburn of Collard

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Calcium Nutrition ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Young Leaves

The collard (Brassica oleracea, Acephala group) cultivar Vates was more susceptible than `Blue Max' to tipburn in sand-culture and field studies. Calcium concentrations in young leaves were similar for both cultivars. `Blue Max' appears to require a lower Ca concentration in young leaves than `Vates' for normal growth. In sand-culture studies, increasing the Ca level in nutrient solution to 3 mm or higher decreased tipburn in `Vates'. `Blue Max' did not develop tipburn regardless of Ca level. Increasing the Ca level in nutrient solution increased Ca concentration in young and old leaves for both cultivars. Soil application of CaSO4 or foliar application of Ca(NO3)2 or CaCl2 did not decrease occurrence of tipburn in Yates', presumably because these treatments did not increase Ca concentrations in young leaves.

scholarly journals Genetic Variances and Selection Potential for Selenium Accumulation in a Rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea Population

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Kopsell ◽  
William M. Randle
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Rapid Cycling ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Genetic Variances ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Selenium Accumulation ◽  
Simultaneous Evaluation ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Selection For

Beneficial effects of selenium (Se) can be delivered to humans through enriched plant foods. Plants in the Brassicaceae are good sources of sulfur (S) and can be enriched with Se. Breeding plants to be more efficient at Se accumulation may complement enrichment efforts. Because Se and S are chemically similar and can compete in plant metabolic pathways, S levels must be considered when attempting to manipulate Se, and vice versa. The objectives of this study were to establish genetic variances for S and Se accumulation, and to determine if simple recurrent selection could be used to manipulate Se accumulation in a rapid-cycling (Brassica oleracea L.) population. Progeny from a North Carolina Design II mating scheme were grown in two seleniferous environments and expressed variability for Se and S accumulation. Narrow sense heritability estimates for Se and S accumulation were moderate (0.55 to 0.75), which suggested progress was possible. However, standard errors were large and may influence expected progress during improvement efforts. Plants of a rapid-cycling B. oleracea were also subjected to two cycles of divergent selection for Se accumulation in leaf tissues. Realized heritabilities were high during selection for both high and low Se accumulation. Simultaneous evaluation of all populations revealed actual gains from selection to be 4.8% and 4.0% per selection cycle for high and low Se accumulation, respectively. Predicted gains for Se accumulation in the plants were 6.8%. Selection for Se accumulation was successful and indicates population improvements for such traits are possible within the B. oleracea analyzed. Breeding plants that are more efficient at accumulating Se could be a useful tool towards Se enrichment.

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