scholarly journals Growth and Enzymatic Activity of Four Warm-season Turfgrass Species Exposed to Waterlogging

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqin Zong ◽  
Yanzhi Gao ◽  
Jingbo Chen ◽  
Hailin Guo ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Root Oxidase Activity ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides

Waterlogging (WL) negatively affects plant growth and development, but the physiological responses of turfgrass species to WL are not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine growth and physiological mechanisms of WL tolerance in warm-season turfgrass species. Knotgrass (Paspalum paspaloides), spiny mudgrass (Pseudoraphis spinescens), seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), and centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) were subjected to 30 days of WL. At the end of the treatment, knotgrass and spiny mudgrass maintained the shoot and root biomass while seashore paspalum and centipedegrass showed reductions in biomass under WL. Root oxidase activity (ROA) was unaffected until after 12 or 18 days of WL but decreased by 14.3%, 17.8%, 32.0%, and 68.7% at 30 days of WL for knotgrass, spiny mudgrass, seashore paspalum, and centipedegrass, respectively. Waterlogging increased root activities of lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase, but generally to a lesser extent in knotgrass and spiny mudgrass. The leaf and root activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were induced after 6 or 12 days of WL, but to a greater extent for knotgrass and spiny mudgrass. At 30 days of WL, the increased leaf and root activities of SOD and POD were higher in knotgrass and spiny mudgrass than that of seashore paspalum and centipedegrass; while centipedegrass showed 37.8% reduction in root SOD activity. The total soluble protein (TSP) concentration remained unchanged in both leaves and roots during the entire WL treatment for knotgrass, while a decreased leaf TSP was found in the other three species after 12 or 24 days of WL as well as in the roots of seashore paspalum and centipedegrass. More reductions in leaf or root TSP were observed in seashore paspalum and centipedegrass than in knotgrass and spiny mudgrass at 30 days of WL. The results indicated that higher ROA, activities of antioxidant enzymes and TSP contributed to WL tolerance of warm-season turfgrass species.

scholarly journals Cover Technology Influences Warm-season Grass Establishment from Seed

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Patton ◽  
Jon M. Trappe ◽  
Michael D. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Buchloe Dactyloides ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Warm Season Grass ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Grass Establishment ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

Covers, mulches, and erosion-control blankets are often used to establish turf. There are reports of various effects of seed cover technology on the germination and establishment of warm-season grasses. The objective of this study was to determine how diverse cover technologies influence the establishment of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides), centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) from seed. Plots were seeded in June 2007 or July 2008 with the various turfgrass species and covered with cover technologies, including Curlex, Deluxe, and Futerra products, jute, Poly Jute, polypropylene, straw, straw blanket, Thermal blanket, and the control. Establishment was reduced in straw- and polyethylene-covered plots due to decreased photosythentically active radiation penetration or excessive temperature build-up, respectively. Overall, Deluxe and Futerra products, jute, and Poly Jute allowed for the highest establishment of these seeded warm-season grasses.

Surface Applications of Dazomet Provide Nonselective Control of Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) Turf

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden
Keyword(s):  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Significant Injury

Herbicide applications prior to turf renovation often fail to provide complete control of perennial warm-season turfgrass species like seashore paspalum. Surface applications of dazomet at 506 kg/ha provided > 90% POST control of ‘SeaDwarf’ seashore paspalum turf in 2008. Although applications of glyphosate at 5.6 kg/ha or fluazifop-P-butyl at 0.42 kg/ha induced significant injury, these treatments provided < 40% POST control of SeaDwarf seashore paspalum turf 10 wk after initial treatment (WAIT) in 2008. A similar response was noted following applications of glyphosate plus fluazifop-P-butyl at rates of 5.6 kg/ha and 0.42 kg/ha, respectively. POST control following applications of glyphosate at 5.6 kg/ha plus fluazifop-P-butyl at 0.42 kg/ha, prior to applying dazomet at 506 kg/ha, was not different from that which was observed following applications of dazomet alone at 506 kg/ha. These data suggest that granular applications of dazomet alone, at 506 kg/ha, can be used to provide effective control of SeaDwarf seashore paspalum prior to renovation.

scholarly journals Preliminary Observations on the Traffic Tolerance of Four Seashore Paspalum Cultivars Compared to Hybrid Bermudagrass

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Brosnan ◽  
J. Deputy
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Athletic Fields ◽  
Traffic Tolerance ◽  
Cynodon Transvaalensis

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) is a prostrate, perennial turfgrass used on golf courses and athletic fields in warm-season climates. Research data on the traffic tolerance of seashore paspalum compared with hybrid bermudagrass (Cyndon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis) is minimal. A study was conducted in 2008 to evaluate the traffic tolerance of ‘Sea Isle 2000’, ‘Salam’, ‘Sea Dwarf’, and ‘Sea Isle 1’ seashore paspalum relative to ‘Tifway’ hybrid bermudagrass. Traffic was applied with a Cady Traffic Simulator (CTS) and traffic tolerance was assessed visually through measurements of percentage of turfgrass cover after 36, 54, 72, and 90 passes were applied with the CTS. After 90 passes (45 simulated professional football games) with the CTS, ‘Salam’, ‘Sea Dwarf’, and ‘Sea Isle 1’ seashore paspalum exhibited greater traffic tolerance than ‘Tifway’ hybrid bermudagrass; ‘Sea Isle 2000’ seashore paspalum exhibited the least amount of traffic tolerance in this study. These data suggest that some seashore paspalum cultivars may be a suitable alternative to hybrid bermudagrass on athletic fields in warm-season climates.

scholarly journals First Report of Laetisaria fuciformis Causing Red Thread on Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) in South China

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1374-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Zhang ◽  
Z. B. Nan ◽  
G. D. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
First Report ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Plastic Bag

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz.) is a prostrate-growing, perennial, warm-season turfgrass native to tropical and coastal areas (2). Because of its good texture and natural tolerance to various environmental stresses, seashore paspalum has been introduced to golf courses in coastal regions of southern China. In April 2010, circular or irregular pink patches ranging from 5 to 50 cm in diameter were observed in the golf course fairway and rough established with cv. Salam on two golf courses in Haikou, Hainan Province, China. When morning dew was present or rainfall occurred, a pink layer of gelatinous fungal growth could be observed on leaves and sheaths. The green leaves of infected plants initially became water soaked, then tan to bleached, shriveled, and infested with pink or reddish, gelatinous, stranded hyphae. The hyphae matted together, then formed threadlike or antlerlike stromata from the tips of blighted leaves. Two isolates from each golf course were collected by plating diseased leaf blades, stromata, or hyphal aggregates from the blighted leaves directly onto antibiotic (0.01% gentamicin sulfate) amended potato dextrose agar. To confirm pathogenicity, isolates were inoculated on 6-week-old P. vaginatum (cv. Seaspray) planted (0.5 mg seed/cm–2) in 10-cm pots. Inoculum was prepared by culturing isolates separately on an autoclaved mixture of 100 g of rye grain and 20 ml of water for 3 weeks at 25°C. Pots were inoculated by placing 2 g of infected grain within the center of the turf canopy or 2 g of sterilized, uninfested grains to serve as controls, with four replications of each treatment. After inoculation, each pot was placed in a translucent plastic bag and placed into a greenhouse at 24 ± 2°C with a 12-h photoperiod (1). Two days after inoculation, the fungus was observed on the leaves. Approximately 40% of leaves in inoculated pots were necrotic after 7 days, and this increased to 80% after 21 days. Diseased plants in inoculated pots displayed symptoms similar to those observed in the field and no symptoms were detected on the control plants. The two isolates were successfully reisolated from all symptomatic tissues, completing Koch's postulates. Sequences of mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal RNA (mt-SSU) were amplified from the two isolates by primers MS1 and MS2, and the sequences showed 99% similarity with Laetisaria fuciformis from the NCBI database (Accession No. AY293232). Red thread on turfgrass has been commonly observed in temperate climates during periods of cool and humid weather (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. fuciformis causing red thread on P. vaginatum or from any host plant in China. References: (1) L. L. Burpee and L. G. Goulty. Phytopathology. 74:692, 1984. (2) R. R. Duncan and R. N. Carrow. Seashore Paspalum: The Environmental Turfgrass. John Wiley and Sons, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2000. (3) R. W. Smiley et al. Page 38 in: Compendium of Turfgrass Diseases. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2005.

scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Responses of Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass to Waterlogging Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 305-313
Author(s):  
Bo Xiao ◽  
David Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Root Respiration ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Turf Quality

Turfgrasses have varying tolerance to waterlogging conditions. The objective of this study was to identify important root traits and physiological responses to waterlogging stress in seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) and bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.). After being exposed to waterlogging conditions for 28 days, turf quality, leaf photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance (gS), and root fresh weight were significantly decreased in bermudagrass, and root lipid peroxidation was significantly increased. However, seashore paspalum was found to be more tolerant to waterlogging conditions and changes in turf quality, photosynthesis, or lipid peroxidation were not seen. The waterlogging treatments increased specific root length (SRL), surface area, and volume and decreased root respiration and diameter to a greater extent in seashore paspalum compared with bermudagrass. Under waterlogging conditions, root aerenchyma formation was found in both seashore paspalum and bermudagrass, but to a greater extent in seashore paspalum. Both grasses exhibited significant increases in root water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) but to a lesser extent in seashore paspalum than in bermudagrass. Shoot WSC remained unchanged in seashore paspalum but was significantly increased in bermudagrass. These results indicate greater root morphological changes such as root volume, SRL, and root porosity, as well as lower root respiration may be important contributors to waterlogging tolerance for seashore paspalum.

scholarly journals Salinity Tolerance of Selected Seashore Paspalums and Bermudagrasses: Root and Verdure Responses and Criteria

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1143-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geungjoo Lee ◽  
Robert N. Carrow ◽  
Ronny R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Total Growth

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a warm season turfgrass that survives in sand dunes along coastal sites and around brackish ponds or estuaries. The first exposure to salt stress normally occurs in the rhizosphere for persistent turfgrass. Information on diversity in salinity tolerance of seashore paspalums is limited. From Apr. to Oct. 1997, eight seashore paspalum ecotypes (SI 94-1, SI 92, SI 94-2, `Sea Isle 1', `Excalibur', `Sea Isle 2000', `Salam', `Adalayd') and four bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis Butt-Davy) cultivars (`Tifgreen', `Tifway', `TifSport', `TifEagle') were investigated for levels of salinity tolerance based on root and verdure responses in nutrient/sand culture under greenhouse conditions. Different salt levels (1.1 to 41.1 dS·m-1) were created with sea salt. Measurements were taken for absolute growth at 1.1 (ECw0; electrical conductivity of water), 24.8 (ECw24), 33.1 (ECw 32), and 41.1 dS·m-1 (ECw40), threshold ECw, and ECw for 25% growth reduction from ECw0 growth (ECw25%). Varying levels of salinity tolerance among the 12 entries were observed based on root, verdure, and total plant yield. Ranges of root characteristics were inherent growth (ECw0) = 0.20 to 0.61 g dry weight (DW); growth at ECw24 = 0.11 to 0.47 g; growth at ECw32 = 0.13 to 0.50 g; growth at ECw40 = 0.13 to 0.50 g; threshold ECw = 3.1 to 9.9 dS·m-1; and ECw25% = 23 to 39 dS·m-1. For verdure, ranges were inherent growth at ECw0 = 0.40 to 1.07 g DW; growth at ECw40 = 0.31 to 0.84 g; and ratio of yields at ECw40 to ECw0 = 0.54 to 1.03. Ranges for total growth were inherent growth at ECw0 = 0.72 to 2.66 g DW; growth at ECw24 = 0.55 to 2.23 g; growth at ECw32 = 0.54 to 2.08 g; growth at ECw40 = 0.52 to 1.66 g; threshold ECw = 2.3 to 12.8 dS·m-1; and ECw25% = 16 to 38 dS·m-1. Significant salinity tolerance differences existed among seashore paspalums and bermudagrasses as demonstrated by root, verdure, and total growth measurements. When grasses were ranked across all criteria exhibiting a significant F test based on root, verdure, and total growth, the most tolerant ecotypes were SI 94-1 and SI 92. Salinity tolerance of bermudagrass cultivars was relatively lower than SI 94-1 and SI 92. For assessing salinity tolerance, minimum evaluation criteria must include absolute growth at ECw0 and ECw 40 dS·m-1 for halophytes, but using all significant parameters of root and total yield is recommended for comprehensive evaluation.

Biology and Biotype Determination of Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on Seashore Paspalum Turfgrass (Paspalum vaginatum)

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Nuessly ◽  
R. T. Nagata ◽  
J. D. Burd ◽  
M. G. Hentz ◽  
A. S. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum
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