Inoculation with Aspergillus aculeatus Alters the Performance of Perennial Ryegrass under Phosphorus Deficiency

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element that is necessary for plant growth and development. However, most of the P exists in insoluble form. Aspergillus aculeatus has been reported to be able to solubilize insoluble forms of P. Here, to investigate the P-solubilizing effect of A. aculeatus on the performance of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) under P-deficiency stress, we created four treatment groups: control [i.e., no Ca3(PO4)2 or A. aculeatus], A. aculeatus only (F), Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca3(PO4)2 + A. aculeatus [Ca3(PO4)2 + F] treatment, and Ca3(PO4)2 at concentrations of 0 and 3 g per pot (0.5 kg substrate per pot). In our results, the liquid medium inoculated with A. aculeatus exhibited enhanced soluble P and organic acid content (tartaric acid, citric acid, and aminoacetic acid) accompanied with lower pH, compared with the noninoculated regimen. Furthermore, A. aculeatus also played a primary role in increasing the soluble P content of substrate (1 sawdust: 3 sand), the growth rate, turf quality, and photosynthetic capacity of the plant exposed to Ca3(PO4)2 + F treatment, compared with other groups. Finally, in perennial ryegrass leaves, there was a dramatic increase in the valine, serine, tyrosine, and proline contents, and a remarkable decline in the glutamic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, and fumaric acid contents in the Ca3(PO4)2 + F regimen, compared with other groups. Overall, our results suggested that A. aculeatus may play a crucial role in the process of solubilizing Ca3(PO4)2 and modulating perennial ryegrass growth under P-deficiency stress.

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Response of Neotyphodium lolii-infected perennial ryegrass to phosphorus deficiency

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/2225-pse ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 113-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A.Z. Ren ◽

Y.B. Gao ◽

F. Zhou

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Dry Weight ◽

P Uptake ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Neotyphodium Lolii ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Endophyte Infection

It has been demonstrated that endophyte-infected (EI) ryegrass performed better in response to N deficiency than its endophyte-free (EF) counterpart. When P is considered, there is a lack of related information. In this study, Lolium perenne L. infected with Neotyphodium lolii was employed to establish EI and EF populations. Soil-grown EI and EF ryegrass were tested for their responses to P deficiency. The results showed that the endophyte infection improved the adaptability of ryegrass to P deficiency. When P was limited, EI roots were significantly longer (EI, 398.8; EF, 323.4 m/pot) and heavier (EI, 30.58; EF, 23.20 g/pot) than EF roots; the root: shoot ratio of EI plants was greater than that of EF plants (P < 0.05). The content of total phenolics and organic acids was significantly greater for EI roots than for EF roots at low P supply; the concentration of both, however, was not improved by the endophyte infection. This suggested that it was the higher root dry weight (DW) that contributed to the higher content of total phenolics and organic acids for EI plants, and the endophyte infection might have negligible effects on chemical modification of perennial ryegrass. Endophyte infection did not increase P uptake rate but did significantly improve P use efficiency of ryegrass in response to P deficiency (EI, 0.734; EF, 0.622 g DW/mg P).

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Roles of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms from Managing Soil Phosphorus Deficiency to Mediating Biogeochemical P Cycle

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10020158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 158

Author(s):

Jiang Tian ◽

Fei Ge ◽

Dayi Zhang ◽

Songqiang Deng ◽

Xingwang Liu

Keyword(s):

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Biological Molecules ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Soil P ◽

Soil Systems ◽

Intensively Managed ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing ◽

P Fertilizers ◽

P Cycle

Phosphorus (P) is a vital element in biological molecules, and one of the main limiting elements for biomass production as plant-available P represents only a small fraction of total soil P. Increasing global food demand and modern agricultural consumption of P fertilizers could lead to excessive inputs of inorganic P in intensively managed croplands, consequently rising P losses and ongoing eutrophication of surface waters. Despite phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) are widely accepted as eco-friendly P fertilizers for increasing agricultural productivity, a comprehensive and deeper understanding of the role of PSMs in P geochemical processes for managing P deficiency has received inadequate attention. In this review, we summarize the basic P forms and their geochemical and biological cycles in soil systems, how PSMs mediate soil P biogeochemical cycles, and the metabolic and enzymatic mechanisms behind these processes. We also highlight the important roles of PSMs in the biogeochemical P cycle and provide perspectives on several environmental issues to prioritize in future PSM applications.

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Enhanced Phosphorus Release from Phosphate Rock Activated with Lignite by Mechanical Microcrystallization: Effects of Several Typical Grinding Parameters

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11041068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1068

Author(s):

Xian-mei Zhang ◽

Yi Li ◽

Cheng Hu ◽

Zhen-quan He ◽

Ming-xing Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Phosphate Rock ◽

Phosphorus Release ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Enhanced Dissolution ◽

Granule Morphology ◽

Soluble P ◽

The Relationship ◽

Direct Use ◽

Activation Property

Recently, microcrystallization technology has gained much interest because of the enhanced dissolution of the target sample and promotion of the sustainable development of agriculture. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrients for increasing crop yield; the increase in effective P ratio directly from raw phosphate rock (PR) powder by mechanical grinding to increase its microcrystallinity is believed to be the best choice for this purpose. This study reports the improvement in the activation property of PR powder with different lignite ratios (1%, 2%, 3%, and 5%), particularly the relationship between particle-size distribution, specific surface area, granule morphology, and the citric acid-soluble P. It was found that a 3% lignite addition was the optimal treatment for increasing the release of citric acid-soluble P. The maximum total amount of dry matter from rapeseed cultivation and the available P after the test increased by 56.1% and 89.6%, respectively, with direct use of PR and microcrystallized PR powder (PR2), compared with the control test without any addition of phosphate minerals.

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Phosphate Uptake by Spirodela and Lemna during Early Phosphorus Deficiency

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9870561 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 561

Author(s):

I.R McPharlin ◽

R.L Bieleski

Keyword(s):

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Fold Increase ◽

P Fractions ◽

P Deficiency ◽

First Order ◽

Phosphate Ion ◽

P Concentration ◽

Uptake Rates ◽

Spirodela Oligorrhiza

Growth, internal P concentration and Pi uptake was investigated in sterile cultures of Spirodela oligorrhiza (Kurz) Hegelm. and Lemna major L. plants during early P-deficiency. Within 12 h of transfer to a P-deficient medium, Pi uptake rates by P-deficient (- P) plants were enhanced 30-120% compared with P adequate (+ P) controls at 1-1000 �M external [Pi]. The enhancement in Pi uptake rates with P-deficiency normally preceded, and was more pronounced than, other effects of P-deficiency such as reduced growth, reduced internal [P] and appearance of visual symptoms. Enhanced Pi uptake rates in - P compared with +P plants resupplied with Pi was more closely correlated with a fall in the internal [Pi] (r = -0.93 to -0.98) than with a fall in the concentration of three other P fractions (i.e. ester P, lipid P, and residual P). The role of tissue [Pi] in Spirodela and Lemna plants as a possible determinant of Pi uptake rates is discussed. Kinetic analysis showed that enhanced Pi uptake in -P compared with + P plants resupplied with Pi was the result of a 2-4-fold increase in V*max of two first- order systems and not by an increased affinity (i.e. reduced K*m) of the carrier for the phosphate ion.

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Modelling nutrient uptake: a possible indicator of phosphorus deficiency

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/s96046 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 313 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. S. Mendham ◽

P. J. Smethurst ◽

P. W. Moody ◽

R. L. Aitken

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Growth Period ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root Surface ◽

P Uptake ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Highly Correlated

An understanding of the processes controlling soil nutrient supply and plant uptake has led to process-based models that can predict nutrient uptake and the concentration gradient that develops at the root surface. By using this information, it may be possible to develop an indicator of soil phosphorus status based on the predicted uptake and/or concentration of phosphorus (P) at the root surface. To identify the potential for such a test, the relationships between model output and observed plant growth were examined using data from a published experiment. The experiment was initially designed to investigate the relationship between common indices of soil-available P and the growth of maize (Zea mays) in 26 surface soils from Queensland. There was a high correlation between observed and predicted P uptake, and between relative dry matter yield and predicted P uptake. The predicted concentration of P at the root surface was also highly correlated with P uptake and dry weight increase. It is hypothesised that the short growth period (25 days) was responsible for the high correlation between P uptake and measured soil solution P. The hypothesis that a predicted concentration of P at the root surface or predicted P uptake may be valuable indicators of P deficiency in the longer term still remains to be tested.

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Responses to low phosphorus in high and low foliar anthocyanin coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides) and maize (Zea mays)

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp11256 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 255 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Amelia Henry ◽

Surinder Chopra ◽

David G. Clark ◽

Jonathan P. Lynch

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll A ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Light Harvesting Complex ◽

Stress Effects ◽

Low Phosphorus ◽

Constitutive Production ◽

Anthocyanin Production

Foliar anthocyanin production is frequently induced by phosphorus deficiency, but the adaptive significance of increased anthocyanin production under P stress, if any, remains unknown. In this study we hypothesised that if anthocyanin expression is an adaptive response to mitigate the stress effects of P deficiency, genotypes with constitutive anthocyanin expression would have greater tolerance to P stress than low anthocyanin-producing genotypes. Four studies were conducted in greenhouse, outdoor chamber and field conditions to compare genetically similar maize and coleus plants with contrasting anthocyanin accumulation (i.e. ‘red-leafed’ vs ‘green-leafed’). In low-P treatments, anthocyanin production did not consistently result in greater photosynthesis or biomass. In coleus, red-leafed phenotypes showed lower chlorophyll a/b ratios suggesting photoprotection by anthocyanins against degradation of light harvesting complex proteins. However, the opposite trend was observed in maize, where red-leafed phenotypes showed greater chlorophyll a/b ratios and lower qP (oxidation state of PSII). Based on results from the various treatments and growth conditions of this study, it could not be concluded that high foliar anthocyanin production confers a general functional advantage under low-P stress. More research comparing inducible vs constitutive production may help elucidate the role of anthocyanin biosynthesis in P deficiency responses.

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Concentrations and Kinetics of Phosphorus Fractions Along the Trophic Gradient of Lake Memphremagog

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f79-135 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 970-979 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Robert Henry Peters

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Total Phosphorus ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽

Small Molecular Weight ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Large Molecular Weight ◽

Soluble P ◽

Phosphorus Production ◽

Total P

Published relationships between chlorophyll and total phosphorus concentrations show that the amount of chlorophyll developed per unit of total P increases as total P increases. If the availability of phosphorus changes with lake trophy, this should be reflected in the proportion of total P found in different analytical fractions. From June 1975 to September 1976, the concentrations of total phosphorus, soluble phosphorus, orthophosphate, large molecular weight phosphorus (> 5000 mol wt) and small molecular weight phosphorus (< 400 mol wt) were measured at six sites along the phosphorus-production gradient of Lake Memphremagog; 32P-PO4 was used to follow short-term exchanges between available orthophosphate and other fractions. Total P declined threefold among sites but the proportion of different fractions remained relatively constant which suggests that any disproportionate loss from one compartment is made good by exchanges with the others. On average, soluble P formed\of total P, soluble reactive phosphorus formed 14%, and PO4 8%; gel filtration showed that ~40% of soluble P was associated with large molecular weight phosphorus and ~40% with small molecular weight phosphorus. Within this basic similarity, was a trend to decreased PO4 concentrations and increased concentrations of soluble P and soluble unreactive phosphorus at more oligotrophic sites. Tracer experiments showed that all fractions exchanged some P with 32P-PO4, although soluble fractions, especially large molecular weight phosphorus, interacted more slowly with orthophosphate than did particulate P. Faster orthophosphate turnover suggested greater P deficiency in more oligotrophic sites. This deficiency may promote the formation of a refractory soluble P which may explain a part of the reduced ratio of chlorophyll to phosphorus when total P is reduced. Key words: orthophosphate, phosphorus, turnover, availability, lakes, gel fitration, soluble organic P

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Effect of phosphorus deficiency on growth and trasport of k+, na+, cl-, no3- in lentil seedling (lens culinaris medik. Var. Barimasur-4)

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujbs.v20i2.8967 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 103-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bimal Chandra Sarker ◽

JL Karmoker

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Lens Culinaris ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Culture Solution ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Monovalent Ions ◽

Lentil Seedling

Effects of phosphorus deficiency on accumulation of dry matter and transport of some monovalent ions viz., Na+, K+, Cl- , and NO3- in lentil showed that seedlings raised in culture solution with and without different amount of phosphorus decreased accumulation of K+ and increased accumulation of Na+ in both the root and shoot of lentil. Cl– contents increased under P?deficiency. Concentration of NO3- was increased in the root and decreased in the shoot of P?deficient lentil. P-deficiency caused an increase in the root dry matter and a decrease in the shoot. P-deficiency resulted in a decrease in the shoot : root. Key words: P-deficiency; Growth; Transport; Na+; K+; Cl–; NO3–; Lentil, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i2.8967 DUJBS 2011; 20(2): 103-108

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Potassium and Phosphorus Deficiency Symptoms of Ixora

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.10.2.314 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 314-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Timothy K. Broschat

Keyword(s):

Leaf Spot ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Deficiency Symptoms ◽

Foliage Plants ◽

Landscape Plants ◽

K Deficiency ◽

Foliar Concentrations ◽

Olive Green

Ixoras (Ixora L.) growing in calcareous sandy soils are highly susceptible to a reddish leaf spot disorder. Symptoms appear on the oldest leaves of a shoot and consist of irregular diffuse brownish-red blotches on slightly chlorotic leaves. Symptoms of K deficiency, P deficiency, and both K and P deficiency were induced in container-grown Ixora `Nora Grant' by withholding the appropriate element from the fertilization regime. Potassium-deficient ixoras showed sharply delimited necrotic spotting on the oldest leaves, were stunted in overall size, and retained fewer leaves per shoot than control plants. Phosphorus-deficient plants showed no spotting, but had uniformly brownish-red older leaves and olive-green younger foliage. Plants deficient in both elements displayed symptoms similar to those observed on landscape plants. Symptomatic experimental and landscape ixoras all had low foliar concentrations of both K and P.

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Konstitusi Genetik dan Karakter Fenotipik Galur-galur Padi Pup1 Turunan Varietas Situ Bagendit

Jurnal AgroBiogen ◽

10.21082/jbio.v10n2.2014.p61-68 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Suwaji Handaru Wardoyo ◽

Miftahudin Miftahudin ◽

Sugiono Moeljopawiro ◽

Joko Prasetiyono

Keyword(s):

Molecular Biology ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Gene Segment ◽

Rice Farming ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Stress Evaluation ◽

Al Stress ◽

Good Expression

Acidity, phosphorus deficiency, and drought stress are major problems in Indonesia’s Ultisol rice farming. Development of rice lines tolerant to those stresses is expected to be able to reduce the consumption of P fertilizer. The objectives of the research were to evaluate genetic constitutive of rice lines (BC2F6 population) derived from Situ Bagendit x Kasalath and Situ Bagendit x NIL-C433 crossings, and to evaluate responses of those lines to Yoshida nutrient solution under P deficiency and Al stress condition. The research was conducted at Molecular Biology Laboratory and Greenhouse of ICABIOGRAD, from November 2011 to May 2013. The result of foreground analysis showed that Pup1 locus has been integrated into the genome of BC2F6 rice lines, eventhough some lines (SK5, SK6, SK7, SK8, SK9, SK10, SK19, and SK20) showed incomplete integration. Background analysis indicated that majority (95.7%) of the Situ Bagendit background has been recovered in BC2F6 rice lines. Al stress evaluation showed SN lines were more tolerant to P deficiency and Al stress than that of SK lines. Pup1 locus showed good expression under low P and no Al stress. Based on genome proportion and Yoshida nutrient solution experiments, a total of three lines, namely SK13, SN2, and SN9, have potential good characteristics. Molecular analysis within a marker-assisted backcrossing (MAB) experiment should be carried out at each generation of lines for gaining fully gene segment in advanced generations.

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