scholarly journals Response of Neotyphodium lolii-infected perennial ryegrass to phosphorus deficiency

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Z. Ren ◽  
Y.B. Gao ◽  
F. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Endophyte Infection

It has been demonstrated that endophyte-infected (EI) ryegrass performed better in response to N deficiency than its endophyte-free (EF) counterpart. When P is considered, there is a lack of related information. In this study, <i>Lolium perenne</i> L. infected with <i>Neotyphodium lolii</i> was employed to establish EI and EF populations. Soil-grown EI and EF ryegrass were tested for their responses to P deficiency. The results showed that the endophyte infection improved the adaptability of ryegrass to P deficiency. When P was limited, EI roots were significantly longer (EI, 398.8; EF, 323.4 m/pot) and heavier (EI, 30.58; EF, 23.20 g/pot) than EF roots; the root: shoot ratio of EI plants was greater than that of EF plants (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The content of total phenolics and organic acids was significantly greater for EI roots than for EF roots at low P supply; the concentration of both, however, was not improved by the endophyte infection. This suggested that it was the higher root dry weight (DW) that contributed to the higher content of total phenolics and organic acids for EI plants, and the endophyte infection might have negligible effects on chemical modification of perennial ryegrass. Endophyte infection did not increase P uptake rate but did significantly improve P use efficiency of ryegrass in response to P deficiency (EI, 0.734; EF, 0.622 g DW/mg P).

Modelling nutrient uptake: a possible indicator of phosphorus deficiency

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Mendham ◽  
P. J. Smethurst ◽  
P. W. Moody ◽  
R. L. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Highly Correlated

An understanding of the processes controlling soil nutrient supply and plant uptake has led to process-based models that can predict nutrient uptake and the concentration gradient that develops at the root surface. By using this information, it may be possible to develop an indicator of soil phosphorus status based on the predicted uptake and/or concentration of phosphorus (P) at the root surface. To identify the potential for such a test, the relationships between model output and observed plant growth were examined using data from a published experiment. The experiment was initially designed to investigate the relationship between common indices of soil-available P and the growth of maize (Zea mays) in 26 surface soils from Queensland. There was a high correlation between observed and predicted P uptake, and between relative dry matter yield and predicted P uptake. The predicted concentration of P at the root surface was also highly correlated with P uptake and dry weight increase. It is hypothesised that the short growth period (25 days) was responsible for the high correlation between P uptake and measured soil solution P. The hypothesis that a predicted concentration of P at the root surface or predicted P uptake may be valuable indicators of P deficiency in the longer term still remains to be tested.

scholarly journals Genetic Dissection of Phosphorous Uptake and Utilization Efficiency Traits Using GWAS in Mungbean

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1401
Author(s):  
Venkata Ravi Prakash Reddy ◽  
Shouvik Das ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Gyan Prakash Mishra ◽  
Muraleedhar S. Aski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
P Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorous Uptake

Mungbean (Vignaradiata L. Wilczek) is an early maturing legume grown predominantly in Asia for its protein-rich seeds. P deficiency can lead to several physiological disorders which ultimately result in a low grain yield in mungbean. The genetic dissection of PUpE (Puptake efficiency) and PUtE (P utilization efficiency) traits are essential for breeding mungbean varieties with a high P uptake and utilization efficiency. The study involves an association mapping panel consisting of 120 mungbean genotypes which were phenotyped for total dry weight, P concentration, total P uptake, and P utilization efficiency under low P (LP) and normal P (NP) conditions in a hydroponic system. A genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) based genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach was employed to dissect the complexity of PUpE and PUtE traits at the genetic level in mungbean. This has identified 116 SNPs in 61 protein-coding genes and of these, 16 have been found to enhance phosphorous uptake and utilization efficiency in mungbeans. We identified six genes with a high expression (VRADI01G04370, VRADI05G20860, VRADI06G12490, VRADI08G20910, VRADI08G00070 and VRADI09G09030) in root, shoot apical meristem and leaf, indicating their role in the regulation of P uptake and utilization efficiency in mungbean. The SNPs present in three genes have also been validated using a Sanger sequencing approach.

scholarly journals Substrate Acidification by Geranium: Light Effects and Phosphorus Uptake

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Taylor ◽  
Paul V. Nelson ◽  
Jonathan M. Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
Substrate Ph

Sudden pH decline (SPD) describes the situation where crops growing at an appropriate pH rapidly (within 1–2 weeks) cause the substrate pH to shift downward one to two units. ‘Designer Dark Red’ geraniums (Pelargonium ×hortorum Bailey) were grown in three experiments to assess possible effects of light on SPD and phosphorous (P) uptake. The first experiment tested the effect of four light intensities (105, 210, 575, and 1020 ± 25 μmol·m−2·s−1) on substrate acidification. At 63 days, substrate pH declined from 6.0 to 4.8 as light intensity increased. Tissue P of plants grown at the highest two light levels was extremely low (0.10%–0.14% of dry weight). P stress has been reported to cause acidification. Because plants in the two lowest light treatments had adequate P, it was not possible to determine if the drop in substrate pH was a direct light effect or a combination of light and P. The second experiment used a factorial combination of the three highest light levels from Expt. 1 and five preplant P rates (0, 0.065, 0.13, 0.26, or 0.52 g·L−1 substrate) to assess this question. When tissue P concentrations were deficient, pH decreased by 0.6 to 1.0 pH units within 2 weeks and deficiency occurred more often with high light intensity. These data indicated that P deficiency caused substrate acidification and indicated the possibility that P uptake was suppressed by high light intensity. The third experiment was conducted in hydroponics to determine the direct effect of high light intensity on P uptake. In this experiment, cumulative P uptake per gram root and the rate of P uptake per gram root per day both decreased 20% when light intensity increased from 500 to 1100 μmol·m−2·s−1. It is clear from this study that P deficiency causes geraniums to acidify the substrate and that high light suppresses P uptake.

scholarly journals Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the absorption of mineral nutrients, photosynthetic system performance and antioxidant metabolism in Citrus grandis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246944
Author(s):  
Xin Meng ◽  
Wei-Wei Chen ◽  
Yan-Yu Wang ◽  
Zeng-Rong Huang ◽  
Xin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Nutrient Absorption ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Donor Side ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Acceptor Side

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth, development and production. However, little is known about the effects of P deficiency on nutrient absorption, photosynthetic apparatus performance and antioxidant metabolism in citrus. Seedlings of ‘sour pummelo’ (Citrus grandis) were irrigated with a nutrient solution containing 0.2 mM (Control) or 0 mM (P deficiency) KH2PO4 until saturated every other day for 16 weeks. P deficiency significantly decreased the dry weight (DW) of leaves and stems, and increased the root/shoot ratio in C. grandis but did not affect the DW of roots. The decreased DW of leaves and stems might be induced by the decreased chlorophyll (Chl) contents and CO2 assimilation in P deficient seedlings. P deficiency heterogeneously affected the nutrient contents of leaves, stems and roots. The analysis of Chl a fluorescence transients showed that P deficiency impaired electron transport from the donor side of photosystem II (PSII) to the end acceptor side of PSI, which showed a greater impact on the performance of the donor side of PSII than that of the acceptor side of PSII and photosystem I (PSI). P deficiency increased the contents of ascorbate (ASC), H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) in leaves. In contrast, P deficiency increased the ASC content, reduced the glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of SOD, CAT, APX and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), but did not increase H2O2 production, anthocyanins and MDA content in roots. Taking these results together, we conclude that P deficiency affects nutrient absorption and lowers photosynthetic performance, leading to ROS production, which might be a crucial cause of the inhibited growth of C. grandis.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation for Traits Related to Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Lens Species at the Seedling Stage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2711
Author(s):  
Vinita Ramtekey ◽  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Muraleedhar S. Aski ◽  
Deepali Kothari ◽  
Akanksha Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Root ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Phosphorus (P) is an essential, non-renewable resource critical for crop productivity across the world. P is immobile in nature and, therefore, the identification of novel genotypes with efficient P uptake and utilization under a low P environment is extremely important. This study was designed to characterize eighty genotypes of different Lens species for shoot and root traits at two contrasting levels of P. A significant reduction in primary root length (PRL), total surface area (TSA), total root tips (TRT), root forks (RF), total dry weight (TDW), root dry weight (RDW) and shoot dry weight (SDW) in response to P deficiency was recorded. A principal component analysis revealed that the TDW, SDW and RDW were significantly correlated to P uptake and utilization efficiency in lentils. Based on total dry weight (TDW) under low P, L4727, EC718309, EC714238, PL-97, EC718348, DPL15, PL06 and EC718332 were found promising. The characterization of different Lens species revealed species-specific variations for the studied traits. Cultivated lentils exhibited higher P uptake and utilization efficiency as compared to the wild forms. The study, based on four different techniques, identified EC714238 as the most P use-efficient genotype. The genotypes identified in this study can be utilized for developing mapping populations and deciphering the genetics for breeding lentil varieties suited for low P environments.

scholarly journals Inoculation with Aspergillus aculeatus Alters the Performance of Perennial Ryegrass under Phosphorus Deficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoning Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Guangyang Wang ◽  
Erick Amombo ◽  
Xiuwen Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Aspergillus Aculeatus ◽  
Aminoacetic Acid ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Soluble P

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element that is necessary for plant growth and development. However, most of the P exists in insoluble form. Aspergillus aculeatus has been reported to be able to solubilize insoluble forms of P. Here, to investigate the P-solubilizing effect of A. aculeatus on the performance of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) under P-deficiency stress, we created four treatment groups: control [i.e., no Ca3(PO4)2 or A. aculeatus], A. aculeatus only (F), Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca3(PO4)2 + A. aculeatus [Ca3(PO4)2 + F] treatment, and Ca3(PO4)2 at concentrations of 0 and 3 g per pot (0.5 kg substrate per pot). In our results, the liquid medium inoculated with A. aculeatus exhibited enhanced soluble P and organic acid content (tartaric acid, citric acid, and aminoacetic acid) accompanied with lower pH, compared with the noninoculated regimen. Furthermore, A. aculeatus also played a primary role in increasing the soluble P content of substrate (1 sawdust: 3 sand), the growth rate, turf quality, and photosynthetic capacity of the plant exposed to Ca3(PO4)2 + F treatment, compared with other groups. Finally, in perennial ryegrass leaves, there was a dramatic increase in the valine, serine, tyrosine, and proline contents, and a remarkable decline in the glutamic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, and fumaric acid contents in the Ca3(PO4)2 + F regimen, compared with other groups. Overall, our results suggested that A. aculeatus may play a crucial role in the process of solubilizing Ca3(PO4)2 and modulating perennial ryegrass growth under P-deficiency stress.

scholarly journals The effect of perennial ryegrass sowing date on endophyte presence and dry matter yield

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
J.R. Corkran ◽  
W.E.J. Henson ◽  
G.A. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Endophyte Infection ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
Loam Soil

The effect of perennial ryegrass sowing date on dry matter (DM) yield and endophyte presence in the resultant pasture was investigated in 2014. 'Trojan' perennial ryegrass with NEA2 endophyte was sown on three separate occasions (20 February, 20 March and 27 April 2014) into a Kaipaki peat loam soil in a replicated plot trial on a dairy farm near Cambridge, Waikato. The first two sowings were in dry conditions and neither showed any sign of germination until after 45 mm of rainfall on 4 April (43 days and 15 days after sowing, respectively). Endophyte infection in established plots was measured on 17 December 2014. Yield was also measured from sowing until no difference was seen between treatments, in October 2014. Percentage endophyte infection was not affected by sowing date. Establishment was significantly faster in the February and March sowings, prior to rain, and these produced ca. 2 t DM/ha more than the April sowing giving an estimated total profit advantage of $646/ha. Keywords: endophyte, Epichloë festucae var. lolii (formerly Neotyphodium lolii), perennial ryegrass, Lolium, seed storage, sowing date, NEA2

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bangladeshi Rice Genotypes and Improved lines for Shoot Biomass under higher levels of Phosphorus Deficiency at vegetative stage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nashir Uddin ◽  
Hilton Smita ◽  
Zakir Hossain ◽  
Yoshimichi Fukuta ◽  
S. M. Mostafa Kamal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Group I ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Phosphorus is vital nutrient for the plant growth, and inevitable to maintain the yield of rice. Current practices of chemical phosphorus fertilization is not sustainable because of its limited sources and non-renewable nature together with higher expenses. Breeding low phosphorus tolerant or resistant with higher uptake and assimilation efficient rice variety is the best alternative for sustainable production. This study aimed to evaluate the selected Bangladeshi rice germplasms and improved lines under phosphorus deficient soil to know their level of deficiency tolerance or resistance. A total of 28 rice genotypes from various ecotypes such as Aus, Aman, Boro and Jhum were collected and grown in pot contained highly phosphorus deficient soil in the rooftop polythene shed house during October 2019 to March 2020. A phosphorus deficiency susceptible variety, IR 64, was used as control, and experiment was conducted following randomized complete block design with two replications. Biomass related traits such as dry weight (DW) and relative dry weight (RDW, %) were analyzed at early vegetative stage. Visual score based on the responses to artificial drought occurred appeared due to absence of water for 5 consecutive days because of government imposed Covid-19 lockdown were also evaluated in a scale of 0 to 4. Plants showed wide variation in the measured traits in both in the phosphorus added normal or phosphorus deficient conditions. Two patterns of responses were observed. One patterns was similar to susceptible control IR 64 and another is highly sensitive to P- deficiency. Cluster analysis resulted four groups (I to IV). Group I consist of 4 rice cultivar including Pathar kuchi, lal dhan, INL-9 and 30, and showed lower DW under both phosphorus added &amp; deficient conditions together with higher susceptibility to artificial drought. IR 64 belongs to the Group- II together with Murali, Kuti Agrani, Kernaicha and other 5 INLs. They have higher DW in phosphorus added condition but very low RDW in phosphorus deficient condition and also susceptible to artificial drought. Group III cultivars have medium DW under phosphorus added and low RDW under phosphorus deficient condition and Kali jira and Aus (Awned) are belong to this group. Two jhum variety, Renkhoa Dhan and Galongpru and 7 INLs are belong to the group IV which has moderate to high RDW under both phosphorus added and phosphorus deficient conditions. Rice cultivars of this group showed higher levels of tolerance to artificial drought and are promising for further breeding program to develop phosphorus deficiency tolerant variety.

scholarly journals Metabolic alterations provide insights into Stylosanthes roots responding to phosphorus deficiency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Luo ◽  
Yunxi Liu ◽  
Huikai Zhang ◽  
Jinpeng Wang ◽  
Zhijian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Limitation

Abstract Background Low phosphorus (P) availability is a major constraint on the growth of plants, especially in acid soils. Stylosanthes (stylo) is a pioneer tropical legume with several adaptive strategies to cope with P deficiency, but its metabolic reprogramming during P limitation remain poorly understood. Results To shed light on the acclimation of stylo roots to low P stress, morphophysiological and metabolic response were investigated in this study. After 15 days of low P treatment, shoot dry weight and total P concentration were markedly hampered, whereas root growth, root APase activity, root antioxidant activity were markedly enhanced. Corresponding investigation of metabolic profiling showed that a total of 256 metabolites with differential accumulation in response to P deficiency were identified in stylo roots, mainly including sugars, organic acids, amino acids, nucleotides, phenylpropanoids and their derivatives. P deficiency leads to significant reduction in the levels of phosphorylated sugars and nucleotides, indicates that the known strategies of P scavenging from P-containing metabolites are observed. The metabolisms of organic acids and amino acids were also remodeled by P limitation, which suggests that P-deficient stylo roots redistribute their carbohydrates in responding P deprivation, by releasing organic acids into the rhizosphere to mobilize phosphate from P complexes and employing amino acids as alternative carbon resource for energy metabolism. In phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway, the increased accumulation flavonoids, as well as up-regulated expression of involved genes SgF3H, SgF3’H, SgFLS, might contribute to enhance the antioxidant activity of stylo roots, especially kaempferol, quercetin, dihydromyricetin. The enhanced accumulation isoflavonoids with differential expression of related genes (SgHID and SgUGT) supported the opinion of isoflavonoids secreted to function with rhizosphere microbes in responding to P deficiency condition, especially daidzein and rotenone. Conclusions This study provides valuable insights generated from stylo roots into the various adaptation responses to Pi-starvation, identified candidate genes and metabolites will make some contributions to detect potential target region for future developing Pi-efficiency breeding research.

scholarly journals Mode of action of tremorgens

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 363-364
Author(s):  
S.C. Finch ◽  
W.L. Imlach ◽  
J. Dunlop ◽  
A.L. Meredith ◽  
R.W. Aldrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Endophyte Infection

Ryegrass staggers is a neurotoxic disorder of livestock grazing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) infected with the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium lolii. Ryegrass staggers was first reported in 1880 (Anonymous 1880) although at this stage the cause of the observed tremorgenic disorder was unknown. The presence of an endophyte within perennial ryegrass was first recognised in 1935 (Neill 1941) but it was not until 1981 that the correlation between endophyte infection and the incidence of ryegrass staggers was established (Fletcher & Harvey 1981; Mortimer et al. 1982). The tremorgenic compound, lolitrem B, produced by the endophyte was then isolated and implicated in the disease (Gallagher et al. 1981, 1982, 1984). The future then seemed clear: eradicate the endophyte and solve the ryegrass staggers problem. Endophyte-free plots, however, showed little growth and suffered severe damage from the larvae of Argentine Stem Weevil (Mortimer et al. 1982). The correlation between endophyte levels, weevil numbers and tiller damage was then made (Prestidge et al. 1982) and a few years later the beneficial effects of endophyte were shown to be due to peramine, an antifeedant produced by the fungus (Gaynor & Rowan 1986; Rowan et al. 1986).

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