scholarly journals A Study on Morphohistometric Changes of Placenta in Gestational Diabetes- A Comparative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Atoofa Jaleel ◽  
Ravinder M
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fetal Organ ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Diabetic Placenta ◽  
Accurate Record ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Introduction:The placenta is a complex fetal organ that fulfills pleotrophic roles during fetal growth. Placenta is the most accurate record of the infant’s prenatal experience. Gestational diabetes is much common than preexisting diabetes .i.e. it complicates 2% to 5% of pregnancies. It seems reasonable to expect that biochemical changes occurring in the pregnant women with diabetes should be reflected in the placental structure. Aim & objectives: In the present study an attempt is made to know the morphological changes of placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus.Subjects and Methods:In this study totally 60 placentae were studied, of which 30 were nondiabetic placentae and 30 from Gestational Diabetic mothers were studied macroscopically. Morphologically the shape, site of attachment of umbilical cord, central thickness of placenta was noted. Birth weight of the neonate and the placental ratio were also recorded. By using routine staining techniques and direct microscopy tissues of Gestational Diabetic placenta were studied qualitatively and compared them with normal placenta.Results:Our study demonstrates that there is a significant increase in weight and central thickness of placenta. Neonatal weight and placental ratio were also increased; there was no change in shape and site of attachment of umbilical cord in case of diabetic placenta when compared to normal. Conclusion:On the basis of results of present study it is concluded that diabetic placentae showed increase in weight and central thickness. Neonatal weight and placental ratio were also increased. These findings indicate that control of hyperglycemia only partially prevents the development of placental abnormalities.

scholarly journals Neonatal Morbidity Pattern among Infants Born to Diabetic Mothers at Jamhouria Hospital, Benghazi- Libya

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Munera Awad Radwan ◽  
Najia Abdelati El Mansori ◽  
Mufeda Ali Elfergani ◽  
Faiaz Ragab Halies ◽  
Mohanad Abdulhadi Lawgali
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Birth Trauma ◽  
Metabolic Disturbance ◽  
Cardiac Lesion ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Introduction: Diabetes has long been associated with maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The infant of a diabetic mother have higher risks for serious problems during pregnancy and at birth. Problems during pregnancy may include increased risks of abortions and stillbirths. Abnormal fetal metabolism during pregnancy complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus results in multiple neonatal sequallae, including abnormalities of growth, glucose and calcium metabolism, hematologic status, cardio- respiratory function, bilirubin metabolism, and congenital anomalies. The causes of the fetal and neonatal sequallae of maternal diabetes are Multifactorial. However, many of the perinatal complications can be traced to the effect of maternal glycemic control on the fetus & can be prevented by appropriate periconceptional & prenatal care. Objective:  to describe the morbidity pattern among infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) either gestational or preconception diabetes mellitus. Methods:  A cross sectional study was conducted in Jamhouria hospital/ neonatal ward & enrolled 120 consecutive infants born to diabetics mother either gestational or preconception diabetes mellitus over one year period. Results: 120 babies were diagnosed as IDMs and were admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit, male, female, 74(60.8%) were gestational diabetes, and 46 (38.3%) with preconception diabetes, full term comprise 98 cases (81.6%) while premature were 22 cases (18.3%). For birth weight 20 case [16.7%} were low birth weight, macrosomia represent 16 case (13.3%). Most common congenital anomalies was cardiac lesion 36 cases, for GDM 18 case =24.3% were PCDM 18 case around 40.0%. Central nervous system 11 case (9.1%) all of them dilated ventricular system& only 2 of them need surgical intervention with shunt. Gastrointestinal anomalies 4 cases {3.4%} 2 of them ectopic anus & 2 short bowel syndrome. Most common metabolic disturbance was Hypocalcemia 17 case (14.1%), followed by hypoglycemia 11 case (9.1%), followed with hyper bilirubinemia 3 cases (2.5%) Followed by Respiratory distress syndrome 26 case (21.6%), 17 case hyaline membrane disease (14.1%) ,transient tachypnea of neo born 9 cases (7.5%) , Birth trauma  3 cases Erb,s palsy one of them  birth asphyxia. Conclusion: Most common type of diabetes in pregnancy is gestational diabetes, and most common congenital anomalies is the cardiac lesion & the most common metabolic disturbance is the hypocalcemia. Macrosomia associated with large birth weight as well as birth trauma. Large for gestational age and hypoglycemia associated mainly with poor maternal glycemic control.

Cord blood Advanced Lipoprotein Testing shows an interaction between gestational diabetes and birth-weight: an observational study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Algaba-Chueca ◽  
Elsa Maymó-Masip ◽  
Mónica Ballesteros ◽  
Albert Guarque ◽  
Olga Freixes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Lipoprotein Profile ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Abnormal lipid metabolism is observed in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and in neonates with abnormal fetal growth, however, how these alterations specifically affect the umbilical cord blood lipoprotein profile is not well understood. Objective To assess the impact of GDM on the cord blood lipoprotein profile across birth-weight categories by using Advanced Lipoprotein Testing. Methods observational study involving 74 control and 62 GDM pregnant women and their offspring. Newborns were classified according to birth-weight as small (n = 39), adequate (n = 50) or large (n = 49) for gestational age (SGA, AGA and LGA, respectively). Two-dimensional diffusion-ordered 1H-NMR spectroscopy was used to profile umbilical cord serum lipoproteins. One hundred and three children were available in a two years follow-up study to evaluate associations between cord blood lipid profile and obesity. Results Baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar except for gestational weight gain. The size, lipid content, number and concentration of particles within their subclasses were similar between offspring born to GDM and control mothers. Using two-way analysis of variance, we observed an interaction between GDM and birth-weight categories for IDL-cholesterol content and IDL- and LDL-triglyceride content, and the number of medium VLDL and LDL particles, specifically in AGA neonates. Small LDL particles were independently associated with offspring obesity at two years. Conclusions In this selected cohort, GDM disturbs triglyceride and cholesterol lipoprotein content across birth-weight categories, and AGA neonates born to GDM mothers display a profile more similar to adults with dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis than to those born to mothers with normal glucose tolerance.

Fetal limb soft tissue assessment for prediction of birth weight and umbilical cord blood analytes in gestational diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1187-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Garcia-Flores ◽  
Mireia Cruceyra ◽  
Marina Cañamares ◽  
Ainhoa Garicano ◽  
Olga Nieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Analytes

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Impact of Maternal Blood Sugar Level and BMI on Foetal Birth Weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Bipul Prasad Deka ◽  
Dr. Dimpy Begum
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance of variable degrees with an onset, or first recognized, during pregnancy. About 15-45% of babies born to diabetic mothers can have macrosomia. This prospective case control study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Gauhati medical college and hospital, Guwahati, Assam during the period of 2013-2015. A total of 160 patients were included in the study. 100 patients without any glucose abnormality were taken as control and 60 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were included in the study as cases. In this study it was found that mean birth weight in GDM cases is more than normoglycemic control. The overweight and obesity group (BMI>25) have maximum birth weight. In this study it was found that the fasting blood glucose level is maximum in mothers with baby birth weight >3.5 kg.

Maternal, placental and cordonal metallomic profiles in gestational diabetes mellitus

Metallomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Roverso ◽  
Valerio Di Marco ◽  
Denis Badocco ◽  
Paolo Pastore ◽  
Marilia Calanducci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

The concentration of several elements changes in umbilical cord blood of fetuses from diabetic mothers and from controls.

scholarly journals Neonatal Outcomes of Large-for-Gestational Age Infants with or without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Taslima Begum ◽  
Gulshan Ara Begum ◽  
Mahmood A Chowdhury ◽  
Wazir Ahmed ◽  
Md Badrudddoza
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Infants Of Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Background: Infants are considered Large for Gestational Age (LGA)if their birth weight is greater than the 90th percentile for gestational age. Birth weight is influenced by a number of factors with maternal diabetes being one of the most common risk factor affecting birth weight. They have an increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes. The aim of the present study was to compare the neonatal outcomes of LGA infants delivered by women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: This is a prospective study of all live-born LGA infants of 37 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 4000g admitted at Neonatal ward of Chattagram Maa Shishu-O-General Hospital (CMSOGH) between 1st August 2013 to 31st July 2014. Type of sampling was purposive convenient sampling. A total of 51 neonatal patients were included. Data was collected in case record form. Data collected for the mothers included age, parity, gestational age and mode of delivery. Data for the infants include sex, birth weight, birth length and laboratory test. Outcomes were compared between infants of diabetic mothers (Group A) and infants of non- diabetic mothers (Group B). Then data was analyzed by SPSS 17.0 program and presented by tabular method, diagram and chart.Results: Among fifty one study subjects, thirty were Infants of Diabetic Mothers (IDMs) while twenty one were non- IDMs. 19 (63.3%) of the IDMs were male while 11 (36.7%) were female. Among the 21 non-IDMs 10 (47.6%) were male and 11 (52.4%) were female. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. 5 (16.7%) of the IDMs were delivered vaginally while 25 (83.3%) were delivered by Caesarian Section (CS) where as 8 (38.1%) of the non- IDMs were delivered vaginally while 13 (61.9%) were delivered by CS. Respiratory distress was the most common morbidity affecting 70% of the IDMs and 66.7% of the non-IDMs. TTN accounted for the majority of the respiratory distress cases, occurring in 17 of the IDMs and 12 of the non-IDMs. Regarding analysis of other clinical features, convulsion (63.3%) was present more in IDMs than in non-IDMs (52.4%) cyanosis was found more in IDMs (60%) than non-IDMs (38.1%). Hypoglycemia was found more in IDMs than in non-IDMs. Mean glucose values were 41.06±19.91mg/dl for IDMs and 53.06±28.96mg/dl for the non-IDMs (p=0.001). Hyperbilirubinemia was more frequently observed in IDMs than in non- IDMs. About 17 (56.6%) of the IDMs and 7(33.3%) of the non-IDMs developed jaundice during the period of hospital stay. Polycythemia was not observed in both the groups but PCV was higher in IDMs (53.96±6.36) compared to non-IDMs (50.50±8.76). Hypocalcemia was not peculiar to a specific group. Five of the IDMs had congenital anomaly, of which three of them had cardiac anomaly. One of the non-IDM was suffering from ventricular septal defect. Birth asphyxia was observed more in non-IDMs (71.4%) than in IDMs (53.3%).One of the IDMs and two of the non-IDMs sustained a brachial plexus injury following vaginal delivery. On an average, IDMs had a longer duration of hospital stay. Outcome was more fatal in IDMs. About six (20%) of IDMs died compared to two (9.5%) of the non-IDMs. That was found statistically significant (p=<0.05).Conclusion: LGA babies with diabetic mother had more adverse outcome in terms of mortality and blood glucose level. More concentration is needed to control blood glucose of mother during pregnancy. Also extra care for the babies is needed to avoid fatal neonatal outcomes.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.16 (2); July 2017; Page 25-30

scholarly journals Gross and Histomorphologic Study of the Umbilical Cord in Pre-gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Rafiqul Alam ◽  
Md Abdul Momen ◽  
Anjuman Ara Sultana ◽  
SM Nurul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fetal Organ ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microscopic Features

Objective: The umbilical cord is fetal organ and contains two arteries and one vein covered by connective tissue called Wharton’s jelly. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder, the importance of which includes possible fetal and maternal complications. As the umbilical cord is the communicating channel between the fetus and the placenta, any pathological change in the umbilical cord may cause harm to the fetus. For this reason, some gross morphological and microscopic features of umbilical cord were analyzed in case of pre-gestational and gestational diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical and observational type of study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka between July 2004 and December 2005. Total 60 umbilical cords with placentae were collected within 34 to 40 weeks of gestation from BSMMU and BIRDEM. Among these, twenty were from mothers not suffering from diabetes (Control group), twenty had pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PDM group) and twenty were suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM group). Number of umbilical vessels were observed on the cut surface of umbilical cord later confirmed by histological examination. Presence or absence of true or false knots were noted. The umbilical cord cross sectional area, vessel areas and their luminal area were estimated. The ANOVA post-hoc option was used for statistical analyses of results. Results: Among the gross and histomorphological variables of the umbilical cord, there was no significant difference between the three groups. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v12i1.22615 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, January 2014, Vol. 12 No. 1 pp 25-29

The correlation of foetal ultrasound and HbA1c with birth weight in women with gestational diabetes

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Stepien ◽  
Sophie Rambihar ◽  
Sue Leigh-Atkins ◽  
Gbemisola Okinoye ◽  
Angelos Kyriacou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes
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