scholarly journals Phototrophs in alternative energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-371
Author(s):  
M. S. Konovalo ◽  
E. Yu. Konovalova ◽  
I. N. Egorova ◽  
G. O. Zhdanova ◽  
D. I. Stom
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Biofuel Cells ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Enzymatic Biofuel Cells ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Different Types

Abstract: The role of phototrophs is examined in alternative energy, with the main emphasis on unicellular algae. Particular attention is paid to the use of phototrophs for generating electricity using biofuel cells (plant and enzymatic biofuel cells are discussed). This study focuses on microbial fuel cells (MFC), which, along with electric power, allow obtaining biofuels and biohydrogen. This article explains the factors limiting the MFC power, and ways of overcoming them. For example, it seems promising to develop various photobioreactors in order to reduce the loss of MFC power due to overvoltage. The use of microphototrophs in MFC has led to the development of photosynthetic MFC (or PhotoMFC) through the design of autotrophic photobioreactors with forced illumination. They allow generating oxygen through photosynthesis, both in situ and ex situ, by recirculating oxygen from the photobioreactor to the cathode chamber. Artificial redox mediators can be used here, transferring electrons directly from the non-catalytic cathode to O2, formed as a result of the photosynthetic activity of algae. Biologically catalyzed cathodes have been proven to generate less power than chemical catalysts. It is noted, that the MFC installations with the micro-algae allow utilizing a wider circle of different connections – the components of effluents and withdrawals: organic acids, sugar, alcohols, fats and other substrata. The use of phototrophs for the production of biofuels is of special interest. Several different types of renewable biofuels can be produced from microalgae, the production of which can be combined with wastewater treatment, CO2 capture and production of various compounds.

Insights into the Role of In-situ and Ex-situ Hydrogen Peroxide for Enhanced Ferrate(VI) Towards Oxidation of Organic Contaminants

2021 ◽  
pp. 117548
Author(s):  
Mengfan Luo ◽  
Hongyu Zhou ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Leiduo Lai ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Ex Situ

scholarly journals The Role of Gardens in Integrated Conservation Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Audrey Denvir ◽  
Jeannine Cavender-Bares ◽  
Antonio González-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Integrated Conservation

Gardens and horticulturists play an increasingly important role in plant conservation, both in situ and ex situ. Integrated research and conservation of species intends to work across fields to connect science to conservation practice by engaging actors from different sectors, including gardens. The case of integrated conservation of Quercus brandegeei, a microendemic oak species in Baja California Sur, Mexico, is presented as an example of a collaboration between gardens and academic researchers to create a species-specific conservation plan that incorporates horticultural knowledge.

scholarly journals Heavy metal phytoremediation: Potential and advancement

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Pushpa Chaudhary Tomar ◽  
Shilpa Samir Chapadgaonkar ◽  
Varsha Panchal ◽  
Arpita Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Different Types

Industrial activities lead to the release of different types of toxic metals into the environment. Phytoremediation has been established as one of the environmental-friendly and economical processes that have the potential for the remediation of industrial waste. Phytoremediation is used to extract metals from industrial effluents using ex-situ and in-situ treatments. Also, phytoremediation may be used to reclaim the polluted land resource for agricultural purposes. Moreover, this also prevents the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of xenobiotics from farming activities if carried out from polluted land. Phyto-mining can be done to recover and reuse the heavy metals from plant tissues after phytoremediation by plants. This study aimed to give a comprehensive review of recent research work in heavy metal phytoremediation.

The Role of Zoos in Tree Kangaroo Conservation: Connecting Ex Situ and In Situ Conservation Action

2021 ◽  
pp. 329-361
Author(s):  
Karin R. Schwartz ◽  
Onnie Byers ◽  
Philip Miller ◽  
Jacque Blessington ◽  
Brett Smith
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Action

In situ Mineralization of Hydroxyapatite for a Molecular Control of Mechanical Responses in Hydroxyapatite-Polymer Composites for Bone Replacement

2001 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Katti ◽  
Praveen Gujjula ◽  
Arunprakash Ayyarsamy ◽  
Timothy Arens
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polyacrylic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

ABSTRACTIn situ mineralization of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and the role of organics in initial nucleation and growth of HAP is critical for the resulting nano and microstructure of HAP. In situ mineralization of hydroxyapatite (HAP) in the presence of Ca binding polymers such as polyacrylic acid has shown some promise towards improvement of mechanical response of uniaxial compressed HAP/polymer composites to loading. This work represents fundamental studies on the nature of in situ HAP precipitation on resulting microstructure of the composite and bulk mechanical properties. Specifically, an experimental study, evaluating the role of initial stage mineralization of HAP on bulk mechanical responses is conducted. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic (with micro attenuated total reflectance) techniques are utilized to evaluate the association of polymer (polyacrylic acid) with HAP during mineralization of HAP. In situ HAP exhibits a faster mineralization as compared to the ex situ mineralization samples, This improved kinetics is responsible for altering the resulting micro and nanostructure of the HAP/polymer composite. Small spectral changes are detected in the absorbance spectra of in situ HAP as compared to ex situ samples. Changes in mechanical response to loading included improvement in strain-to-failure and resulting toughness characteristics of the in situ composite. The control and development of molecular-level associations of polymer with HAP is suggested to be critical for the resulting macro properties. Our results may have significant implications for design of nanocomposites for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Overview on the Role of Advance Genomics in Conservation Biology of Endangered Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suliman Khan ◽  
Ghulam Nabi ◽  
Muhammad Wajid Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Yousaf ◽  
Sehrish Manan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Endangered Plants ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Sixth Mass Extinction ◽  
Novice Readers ◽  
Hybridization And Introgression

In the recent era, due to tremendous advancement in industrialization, pollution and other anthropogenic activities have created a serious scenario for biota survival. It has been reported that present biota is entering a “sixth” mass extinction, because of chronic exposure to anthropogenic activities. Variousex situandin situmeasures have been adopted for conservation of threatened and endangered plants and animal species; however, these have been limited due to various discrepancies associated with them. Current advancement in molecular technologies, especially, genomics, is playing a very crucial role in biodiversity conservation. Advance genomics helps in identifying the segments of genome responsible for adaptation. It can also improve our understanding about microevolution through a better understanding of selection, mutation, assertive matting, and recombination. Advance genomics helps in identifying genes that are essential for fitness and ultimately for developing modern and fast monitoring tools for endangered biodiversity. This review article focuses on the applications of advanced genomics mainly demographic, adaptive genetic variations, inbreeding, hybridization and introgression, and disease susceptibilities, in the conservation of threatened biota. In short, it provides the fundamentals for novice readers and advancement in genomics for the experts working for the conservation of endangered plant and animal species.

Pacemaker activity in the insect (T. molitor) heart: role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (6) ◽  
pp. R1838-R1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle F. Feliciano ◽  
Rosana A. Bassani ◽  
Pedro X. Oliveira ◽  
José W. M. Bassani
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Pacemaker Activity ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Chronotropic Response ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mealworm Beetle ◽  
Beating Rate

The electrophysiological properties of the myogenic cardiac cells of insects have been analyzed, but the mechanisms that regulate the pacemaker activity have not been elucidated yet. In mammalian pacemaker cells, different types of membrane ion channels seem to be sequentially activated, perhaps in a cooperative fashion with the current generated by Ca2+ extrusion mediated by the electrogenic Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, which is sustained by the diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release. The objective of the present work was to investigate the role of the SR function on the basal beating rate (BR), and BR modulation by extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o) and neurotransmitters in the in situ dorsal vessel (heart) of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor . The main observations were as follows: 1) basal BR was reduced by 50% by inhibition of SR function, but not affected by perfusion with CsCl or ZD7288; 2) spontaneous activity was abolished by Cd2+; 3) a robust positive chronotropic response could be elicited to serotonin (5-HT), but not to norepinephrine or carbamylcholine; 4) SR inhibition abolished the sustained chronotropic stimulation by [Ca2+]o elevation and by 5-HT, while the latter was unaffected by CsCl. It is concluded that, in T. molitor heart, BR is markedly, but not exclusively, dependent on the SR function, and that BR control and modulation by both [Ca2+]o and 5-HT requires a functional SR.

scholarly journals Visualizing and isolating iron-reducing microorganisms at single cell level

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuifen Gan ◽  
Rongrong Wu ◽  
Yeshen Luo ◽  
Jianhua Song ◽  
Dizhou Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Cell Sorter ◽  
Fluorescent Intensity

AbstractIron-reducing microorganisms (FeRM) play key roles in many natural and engineering processes. Visualizing and isolating FeRM from multispecies samples are essential to understand the in-situ location and geochemical role of FeRM. Here, we visualized FeRM by a “turn-on” Fe2+-specific fluorescent chemodosimeter (FSFC) with high sensitivity, selectivity and stability. This FSFC could selectively identify and locate active FeRM from either pure culture, co-culture of different bacteria or sediment-containing samples. Fluorescent intensity of the FSFC could be used as an indicator of Fe2+ concentration in bacterial cultures. By integrating FSFC with a single cell sorter, we obtained three FSFC-labeled cells from an enriched consortia and all of them were subsequently evidenced to be capable of iron-reduction and two unlabeled cells were evidenced to have no iron-reducing capability, further confirming the feasibility of the FSFC.ImportanceVisualization and isolation of FeRM from samples containing multispecies are commonly needed by researchers from different disciplines, such as environmental microbiology, environmental sciences and geochemistry. However, no available method has been reported. In this study, we provid a solution to visualize FeRM and evaluate their activity even at single cell level. Integrating with single cell sorter, FeRM can also be isolated from samples containing multispecies. This method can be used as a powerful tool to uncover the in-situ or ex-situ role of FeRM and their interactions with ambient microbes or chemicals.

In situ growth of hybrid nanoflowers on activated carbon fibers as electrodes for mediatorless enzymatic biofuel cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 128662
Author(s):  
Thuan Ngoc Vo ◽  
Tai Duc Tran ◽  
Hoang Kha Nguyen ◽  
Do Yun Kong ◽  
Moon Il Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Biofuel Cells ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
In Situ Growth ◽  
Enzymatic Biofuel Cells

Nano-Bioremediation

2018 ◽  
pp. 202-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Tripathi ◽  
R. Sanjeevi ◽  
J. Anuradha ◽  
Dushyant Singh Chauhan ◽  
Ashok K. Rathoure
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Environmental Contaminant ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Sustainable Environment

The functional aspect of nanotechnology (NBT) is driven either to accelerate the performance of materials and/or to reduce the quantity of materials that are used for the purpose. Most significantly, its potential attribute to the environment includes the treatment and remediation, sensing and detection, and pollution prevention. In general nano-bio remediation (NBR) involves the use of nano-materials either in in-situ (in place), or ex-situ (off-place) treatment of contaminated materials. To accomplish this, the elemental or zero-valent metals and like materials in nano-form (1-100 nm) have been applied as an instinctive need to embrace sustainable environment. The use of nanomaterials initially reduces the biodegradable contaminants and then it promotes to achieve the standard levels. Thus, the role of nano-materials could be an efficient, effective approach to remediate the environmental contaminant sustainably. However, further research is required to record the detailed fate of the nano-materials that are used in environment remediation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document