scholarly journals Lung Injury Induced by Antitumor Drugs: Diagnosis, Features of the Clinical Course, Risk Factors, Differential Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Part 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
N. V. Orlovа ◽  
O. D. Ostroumovа ◽  
E. V. Shikh ◽  
S. V. Smerdin ◽  
E. V. Rebrovа ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Antitumor Drugs ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

57 publications on pneumotoxicity of antitumor drugs were analyzed. It was found that the development of pneumotoxic effects could be influenced by risk factors such as gender, age, tobacco smoking, comorbidities, and duration of therapy. Symptoms of lung injury induced by antitumor drugs are nonspecific thus it is difficult to diagnose them promptly. For prevention, early diagnosis and timely management of drug-induced lung injury during antineoplastic therapy, it is necessary to raise awareness of such a condition in practitioners of different specialties, primarily general practitioners, pulmonologists, phthisiologists, and oncologists.

scholarly journals Drug-Induced Atrial Fibrillation / Atrial Flutter

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
O. D Ostroumova ◽  
M. S. Chernyaeva ◽  
A. I. Kochetkov ◽  
A. E. Vorobieva ◽  
D. I. Bakhteeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Holter Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Conduction Disturbances ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Life Threatening

Drug-induced atrial fibrillation / flutter (DIAF) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of pharmacotherapy. Purpose of the work: systematization and analysis of scientific literature data on drugs, the use of which can cause the development of DIAF, as well as on epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, clinical picture, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention of DIAF. Analysis of the literature has shown that many groups of drugs can cause the development of DIAF, with a greater frequency while taking anticancer drugs, drugs for the treatment of the cardiovascular, bronchopulmonary and central nervous systems. The mechanisms and main risk factors for the development of DIAF have not been finally established and are known only for certain drugs, therefore, this section requires further study. The main symptoms of DIAF are due to the severity of tachycardia and their influence on the parameters of central hemodynamics. For diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct an electrocardiogram (ECG) and Holter monitoring of an ECG and echocardiography. Differential diagnosis should be made with AF, which may be caused by other causes, as well as other rhythm and conduction disturbances. Successful treatment of DIAF is based on the principle of rapid recognition and immediate discontinuation of drugs (if possible), the use of which potentially caused the development of adverse drug reactions (ADR). The choice of management strategy: heart rate control or rhythm control, as well as the method of achievement (medication or non-medication), depends on the specific clinical situation. For the prevention of DIAF, it is necessary to instruct patients about possible symptoms and recommend self-monitoring of the pulse. It is important for practitioners to be wary of the risk of DIAF due to the variety of drugs that can potentially cause this ADR.

Drug-induced seizures: prevalence, risk factors, treatment and prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (11) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Ostroumova ◽  
O. D. Ostroumova ◽  
E. S. Akimova ◽  
A. I. Kochetkov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Drug Induced Seizures

scholarly journals PATHOGENETIC APPROACH TO EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF MILD NEURO-ORTHOPEDIC PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
M.E. Winderlich ◽  
◽  
N.B. Schekolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Foot Placement ◽  
Pelvic Bones ◽  
Timely Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

216 children and adolescents from 3 months to 17 years with mild neuroorthopedic pathology – torticollis, abnormal foot placement, flat-valgus feet, posture disorders, scoliosis, shortening of the limb were examined. The etiological factors of Natal trauma and the pathogenesis of torticollis formation were determined with confirmation by instrumental research methods. During the growth of the child, there is a progression of neuroorthopedic pathology in the form of scoliotic spinal deformity with a misalignment of the pelvic bones due to an asymmetric flat-valgus installation of the feet. The program for differential diagnosis and prevention of mild neuroorthopedic disorders was developed depending on the age of children. It is shown, that the leading link in the pathogenesis of neuroorthopedic pathology is natal trauma. Timely diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disorders of the musculoskeletal system will prevent the formation of pathology in various age periods.

Drug-induced atrioventricular blockages

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
M. I. Kulikova ◽  
O. D. Ostroumova ◽  
A. G. Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs ◽  
Av Node ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Av Conduction ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Conduction Disorder

Atrio-ventricular (AV) blockages are a serious violation of the heart rhythm. One of the reasons for the development of this pathology may be taking medications. This effect has a significant number of drugs used for the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, general and local anesthetics, antineoplastic drugs, and many others. The main mechanism for the development of drug-induced AV blockades is the inhibition of AV node conduction. The most common risk factors for the development of drug-induced AV blockades are taking two and more drugs that have an inhibitory effect on AV conduction, the initial duration of the PQ interval more than 0.2 second, initial dysfunction of the AV node, increased plasma concentration of a potential inducer drug due to the presence of kidney and/or liver disease, drugdrug interactions, and specific risk factors for individual drugs. Special attention in solving this problem should be paid to both stopping the developed AV conduction disorder – medication or using an electric cardiostimulator, and its prevention. This article systematizes the literature data on drug-induced AV blockades in order to increase the awareness of practitioners and patients about their prevalence, risk factors, approaches to diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

scholarly journals A Rare Complication of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole: Drug Induced Aseptic Meningitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Pinky Jha ◽  
Jeremiah Stromich ◽  
Mallory Cohen ◽  
Jane Njeri Wainaina
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Drug induced aseptic meningitis is a rare but challenging diagnosis, most commonly reported with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide that is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment and prophylaxis of various infections. Drug induced aseptic meningitis, when seen with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, occurs predominantly in patients with some degree of immune compromise and is less commonly seen in immune competent individuals. The patient often exhibits the classic symptoms of meningitis. Early diagnosis is important, since the cessation of the antibiotic leads to rapid clinical improvement. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole induced aseptic meningitis has been underreported to FDA/MED-WATCH program. Here we report two cases of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole: an immune competent individual and immune compromised individual, both of which presented with signs of meningitis and a negative infectious workup. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is an uncommon and mysterious adverse reaction to a commonly used antibiotic. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with acute signs and symptoms of meningitis especially after infectious causes have been ruled out.

NEONATAL LISTERIOSIS: AN ALMOST FORGOTTEN INFECTION OR RENAISSANCE OF THE DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
E.G. Gumeniuk ◽  
◽  
M.E. Ukvalberg ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Late Manifestation

Maternal neonatal listeriosis is less common desease, but contributes significantly to neonatal and infant mortality rates. The survey presents data on the the pathogen, epidemiology of the disease, and risk factors. Attention is paid to the pathogenesis of the development of this intrauterine infection. The emphasis is placed on the development of neonatal (congenital) listeriosis, as well as the risk of serious complications for the child. The article describes the symptoms of the disease at early and late manifestation, variants of the clinical course, the results of autopsy of dead newborns. Attention is drawn to the problems of treatment and prevention of neonatal listeriosis. Doctors of related specialties (obstetricians-gynecologists, neonatologists, pediatricians) should have up-to-date information about this disease.

Aspiration-Induced Pulmonary Injury

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 279-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith E. Nelson ◽  
Marvin Lesser
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Pulmonary Injury ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents can cause a spectrum of sequelae that spans from relatively minor to rapidly lethal disease. To emphasize the extent of this spectrum and to encompass both noninfectious complications and infection, we use the term “aspiration-induced pulmonary injury” rather than “aspiration pneumonia.” In this article we review the relevant literature, focusing on more recent insights into the pathogenesis of lung injury, the natural history of aspiration, risk factors, the relationship between aspiration and infection, and recommendations for management. The relevance to human disease of studies using intra-airway acid instillation in animals is questioned. We discuss the difficulties in predicting the clinical course after aspiration. We identify risk factors for aspiration-induced pulmonary injury that are commonly encountered in the intensive care unit, and discuss in detail factors of special interest to the intensivist, including the impact of tracheal intubation; the effects of enteric intubation, particularly the comparison between pre- and postpyloric routes of enteric feeding administration; and the relative risks associated with particular feeding protocols. We conclude with recommendations regarding treatment and prevention strategies.

scholarly journals A Primer on the Clinical Aspects of Sarcoidosis for the Basic and Translational Scientist

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2857
Author(s):  
Marc A. Judson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Immunologic Disease

The immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis remains unclear. This failure in understanding has been clinically impactful, as it has impeded the accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this disease. Unraveling the mechanisms of sarcoidosis will require input from basic and translational scientists. In order to reach this goal, scientists must have a firm grasp of the clinical aspects of the disease, including its diagnostic criteria, the immunologic defects, clinical presentations, response to therapy, risk factors, and clinical course. This manuscript will provide an overview of the clinical aspects of sarcoidosis that are particularly relevant for the basic and translational scientist. The variable phenotypic expression of the disease will be described, which may be integral in identifying immunologic disease mechanisms that may be relevant to subgroups of sarcoidosis patients. Data concerning treatment and risk factors may yield important insights concerning germane immunologic pathways involved in the development of disease. It is hoped that this manuscript will stimulate communication between scientists and clinicians that will eventually lead to improved care of sarcoidosis patients.

Acute dystonic reaction following treatment with a non-classic neuroleptic of the dibenzazepine-type

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-353
Author(s):  
E. Scholz ◽  
K. Mann ◽  
H.W. Schied ◽  
M. Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Infantile Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Dystonic Reaction ◽  
Acute Dystonia

SummaryExtrapyramidal side-effects with drug-induced parkinsonism have not previously been reported following treatment with the atypical dibenzazepine-type neuroleptics, clozapine and fluperlapine. We have however observed reversible acute dystonia in a patient following high-dose fluperlapine treatment. The clinical signs of a discrete infantile cerebral palsy observed in our patient are probably one of the risk factors. Although the differential diagnosis of acute dystonia as opposed to tardive dyskinesia was difficult, the patient's symptoms fit more closely the former. Pharmacological aspects of the observed movement disorder are discussed.

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