Seasonal variations in forms of extractable sulfur in some New Zealand soils

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Tan ◽  
RG Mclaren ◽  
KC Cameron
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Third ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Inorganic Sulfate

Seasonal variations in different forms of extractable sulfur (S) were examined in three New Zealand soils under permanent pasture. The concentrations of total extractable S, extractable inorganic sulfate-S (SO2-4-S), and extractable organic HI-reducible sulfur (HI-S) and carbon-bonded sulfur (C-S) were determined in field moist samples using four different extractants. During the course of the year, extractable SO2-4-S levels varied substantially. Concentrations of SO42--S in the soils peaked in the early spring and, for two of the soils, remained at relatively low levels throughout the rest of the year. The third soil, however, following a decrease in concentration in late spring, showed a continuous increase in SO2-4-S during the summer and autumn period. Concentrations of extractable organic C-S in soils were generally highest in the winter and declined significantly during the spring. Extractable organic HI-S concentrations fluctuated throughout the year with no clear trends. The proportions of the three forms of extractable S in soils also varied seasonally. The proportions of extractable organic HI-S in soils were more constant compared with the other two forms of S and generally accounted for less than 20% of the total extractable S. The seasonal changes in the proportions of SO2-4-S appeared to be inversely related to the changes in extractable C-S. This suggests that under the field conditions, the extractable organic C-S fraction is readily mineralized to sulfate when conditions are favourable for mineralization to take place.

502. The vitamin A potency of New Zealand butter

1953 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. R. McDowell ◽  
F. H. McDowall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Summer Grazing

Results of a survey of the carotene and vitamin A contents, and of the vitamin A potency, of New Zealand butterfat and butter, are presented. The butter samples were drawn from twenty representative commercial factories at fortnightly intervals over three successive years (1946–8). The survey covers the analysis of 1517 samples of fresh butter and 670 samples of stored butter.There were uniform and regularly recurring seasonal variations in both carotene and vitamin A contents of butterfats from all North Island districts. Maximum values were found in the late-autumn/winter/early-spring, and minimum values in the late-summer/early-autumn butterfats. The seasonal trends were thus distinctly different from those which have been reported for northern hemisphere butterfats, for which the maximum values are commonly found during the summer grazing period.The seasonal variations in carotene and vitamin A contents of South Island butterfat were less marked and less consistent than those in the corresponding values for North Island butterfat.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of New Zealand wheat cultivars to sharp eyespot

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
C.A. Munro ◽  
S.C. Shorter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Low Incidence

The susceptibility of 12 New Zealand wheat cultivars to sharp eyespot (caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis) was examined in three autumnsown field trials in the 200405 growing season Moderate to high disease incidence was recorded in two of the trials and low levels occurred in the third While disease incidence was high in at least some plots of most cultivars low incidence was recorded in all plots of two cultivars and all but two plots of two other cultivars These trials provide evidence that at least 2 of the 12 cultivars have useful levels of resistance to sharp eyespot and that several cultivars are highly susceptible Ranking of the more susceptible cultivars varied between locations Further work is required to determine whether this is due to genetic interactions between hosts and pathogens or whether relative susceptibility of cultivars to sharp eyespot can be affected by environment

398. The properties of New Zealand butters and butterfats: II. The relation of hardness of New Zealand commercial butter to composition of the butterfat

1949 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Dolby
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Iodine Values

Determinations of hardness were made on 324 samples of butter drawn monthly for 3 years from nine factories distributed throughout New Zealand. The results were compared by statistical methods with the iodine values and softening points of the corresponding butterfats which had been determined by Cox & McDowall(4). It was shown that the softness (reciprocal of hardness) was significantly correlated with both iodine value and softening point, which together explained 55 % of the variation in softness observed. Of the remaining variation, 59% was due to seasonal changes other than those in iodine value and softening point and 36 % to differences between factories. It is considered that manufacturing variations were responsible for very little of the seasonal variations, and that the differences between factories were due as much to district differences as to manufacturing differences. It is concluded that only a small part of the variation in softness of the butter samples was due to manufacturing variations, and that at least 80 % of the variation could be attributed to differences in the raw material.

EVALUATION OF CLOVERS ON SANDY COASTAL SOIL

1977 ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Williams ◽  
L.B. Anderson ◽  
B.M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Winter Annual

In evaluations of clover performances on summer-dry Himatangi sandy soil, it was found that none could match lucerne over summer. Emphasis was therefore placed on production in autumn-winter- early spring when lucerne growth was slow. Evaluations of some winter annual clover species suggested that Trifolium spumosum, T. pallidum, T. resupinatum, and T. vesiculosum would justify further investigation, along with T. subterraneum which is already used in pastures on this soil type. Among the perennial clover species, Kenya white clover (7'. semipilosum) showed outstanding recovery from drought and was the only species to produce significantly in autumn. However, it failed to grow in winter-early spring. Within red clover, materials of New Zealand x Moroccan origin substantially outproduced the commercial cultivars. Within white clover, material from Israel, Italy and Lebanon, as well as progeny of a selected New Zealand plant, showed more rapid recovery from drought stress and subsequently better winter growth than New Zealand commercial material ('Grasslands Huia'). The wider use of plant material of Mediterranean origin and of plants collected in New Zealand dryland pastures is advocated in development of clover cultivars for New Zealand dryland situations.

ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SEVERE BRAIN AND PITUITARY LESION

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Bassøe ◽  
R. Emberland ◽  
E. Glück ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Artificial Ventilation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
The Third ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pituitary Lesion ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The steroid excretion and the plasma corticosteroids were investigated in three patients with necrosis of the brain and of the pituitary gland. The patients were kept alive by artificial ventilation. In two of the patients the neutral 17-ketosteroids and the 17-hydrocorticosteroids fell to extremely low levels. At the same time, the number of eosinophil cells showed a tendency to increase. Corticotrophin administered intravenously twice to the third patient had a stimulating effect on the adrenal cortex. The theoretical and practical significance of these findings is discussed.

scholarly journals Growth, Carcass and Meat Characteristics of Grass-Fed Lambs Weaned from Extensive Rangeland and Grazed on Permanent Pastures or Alfalfa

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Felipe Elizalde ◽  
Christian Hepp ◽  
Camila Reyes ◽  
Marilyn Tapia ◽  
Raúl Lira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Lower Shear ◽  
Low Levels

Western Patagonia lamb production systems are based on extensive rangeland. The harsh climate limits the adoption of more intensive systems. Therefore, producers must focus on developing differentiated products. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth patterns, carcasses and nutritive value of meat from 45 lambs. Lambs were divided into three groups: 15 lambs were slaughtered at weaning (W), with the remaining 30 weaned lambs being allocated to grazing either alfalfa (AG) or permanent pasture (PPG). AG lambs were significantly heavier and had higher condition scores than PPG lambs. Further, AG lambs showed higher carcass weight and larger tissue depth and commercial cuts. Moreover, W lambs had lower shear force and more tender meat than either AG or PPG lambs. The three systems showed a low shear force and acceptable sensory traits. Low levels of cholesterol, with low levels of saturated fat, classified these cuts of meat as extra lean. W lambs had higher omega-3 fatty acid content than AG or PPG lambs. Overall, results showed that meat from the three lamb production systems showed health claimable levels of omega-3 fatty acids and were low in fat and thereby, can be classified as lean meat.

TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE OF GOLDFISH MAINTAINED UNDER CONTROLLED PHOTOPERIODS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Hoar ◽  
G. Beth Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Change ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Sudden Temperature Change

Goldfish maintained under controlled photoperiods for 6 weeks or longer were relatively more resistant to a sudden elevation in temperature when the daily photoperiods had been long (16 hours) and relatively more resistant to sudden chilling when they had been short (8 hours). The magnitude of the effect varied with the season. Thyroid activity was slightly greater in fish maintained under the shorter photoperiods. The longer photoperiods stimulated more rapid growth of ovaries during late winter and early spring. The endocrine system is considered a link in the chain of events regulating seasonal variations in resistance to sudden temperature change.

Seasonal variations in the composition and thermal properties of New Zealand milk fat: I. Fatty-acid composition

1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Weight Percentage

SummaryThe fatty-acid composition of 17 samples of New Zealand milk fat obtained throughout one dairy season is reported.The weight percentage of butyric (C4:0) acid was significantly correlated with that of caproic (C6:0) acid and that of caprylic (C8:0) acid. Percentages of C6:0and C8:0showed a highly significant correlation with each other and with weight percentages of capric (C10:0) and lauric (C12:0) acids.There was a highly significant negative correlation between palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids and between C4:0and C16:0acids. Oleic (C18:1) acid showed significant negative correlations with C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, myristic (C14:0) and C16:0acids.

Distribution of carbon and nitrogen in a long-term cropping system and permanent pasture system

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
FA Robertson ◽  
RJK Myers ◽  
PG Saffigna
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Standing Dead

Nitrogen (N) limitation to productivity of sown perennial grass pastures on the brigalow lands of S.E. Queensland contrasts with adequate N supply to annual crops grown on the same soil. In order to understand this anomaly, the distribution of N and carbon (C) under permanent green panic pasture and under continuous cropping with grain sorghum was compared in an 18 month field study. Total soil N and organic C (0-10 cm) were, respectively, 0.37 and 3.20% under green panic and 0.23 and 2.31% under sorghum. Soil microbial biomass (0-28 cm) contained 246 kg N and 1490 kg C ha-1 under green panic and 147 kg N and 744 kg C ha-1 under sorghum. Enhanced microbial growth under pasture was attributed to the continuous input of available C from surface litter and roots. The C/N ratio of pasture residues was high (greater than 50) and conducive to immobilization of N. Availability of N under pasture was further reduced by approximately 50% of plant N being immobilized in standing dead tissue. Under sorghum, the microbial biomass was well supplied with N, but was limited by C availability. The soil under sorghum received a single large C input when crop residues were returned after harvest. The differences in N availability, and hence productivity, of these soils under cropping and permanent pasture were due primarily to differences in the timing and quality of C inputs.

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