Seeds of Contestation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Schrager
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Organizational Restructuring ◽  
Agricultural Industrialization ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Supply Industry ◽  
Barrier To Entry ◽  
The 1960S

The chapter examines the emergence of Hawai‘i’s seed corn industry (HSCI) that has skyrocketed since the mid-2000s while other types of agriculture faltered. Hawai‘i had served as a winter nursery for seed corporations since the 1960s, but this relatively minor role dramatically changed in the 2000s when the corn seed industry underwent a series of techno-scientific innovations and organizational restructuring. The chapter demonstrates how operating a year-round nursery such as those found in Hawai‘i became a critical strategy for a seed corporation to remain competitive. The new structure also increases technical and capital barrier to entry and furthers consolidation of the seed supply industry. As these agricultural corporations became more dominant, genetic engineering became a potent symbol of everything that was wrong with globalization and agricultural industrialization, and the most vigorously contested agricultural technology, especially in Hawai‘i.

Variation in the recruitment behaviour of seagrass seeds: implications for population dynamics and resource management

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme J. Inglis
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Effective Conservation

Effective conservation of marine organisms requires an understanding of the processes that affect the establishment, persistence and extinction of local populations. Our knowledge of the recruitment of seagrasses comes largely from studies done at small spatial and temporal scales within extant meadows. Descriptions of the demography of local populations, therefore, typically emphasize prolific ramet production and only a minor role for sexual propagules. Recent genetic and field studies, however, have shown greater variation in recruitment behaviour than previously suspected. In this paper, I review what is known about the seeds of seagrasses ? including their dormancy, dispersability and requirements for germination and establishment ? and examine the utility of recent conceptual models, developed for terrestrial clonal plants, to explain the long-term dynamics of seagrass populations. Sizable variation among species in seed size and dispersal strategy appears to be related predictably to variation in life-history and rates of recruitment. Species with small, poorly-dispersed fruits (e.g., Halophila, Halodule) are more likely to form persistent seed reserves and be rapid colonizers of disturbances within established meadows. Genera with large, buoyant fruits, capable of moderate dispersal (e.g., Thalassia, Posidonia), in contrast, appear to recruit rarely within existing meadows of conspecifics. Our ability to model long-term changes in demography and community structure is likely to benefit from a better knowledge of the importance of seed supply and microsite availability to recruitment.

Das Zulieferproblem aus institutionenökonomischer Sicht. Die westdeutsche Automobil-Zulieferindustrie zwischen Produktionsund Marktorientierung (1960-1980)

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Tilly
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Supply Industry ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Automotive Supply

AbstractThe automotive supply industry represents an important segment of the automobile industry. As early as the 1960s it contributed a significant share of the latter′s total value-added, in spite of the fact that the suppliers were quite a distance away from the ultimate consumer. This article analyses the market behaviour of the auto-industry suppliers from the 1960s to the early 1980s and shows how the shift from a seller′s to a buyer’s market was reflected in the behaviour of the supplying industry. Starting from structural features of the supply business such as long-lasting business relationships with auto makers, mutual commitment, market power of the car manufacturers and sales policy-dependence of the suppliers it will be shown that many supplying firms were clearly production-oriented until the early 1980s. Little attention to sales within the firm, slack advertising activities, a focus on business conditions and relationship-fostering were typical features of sales-and-operation-practices in the supplying industry. This mirrored, as did the blurred profile of suppliers’ brands, the structural conditions of the supply business. Examination of the so-called replacement parts conflict in the 1970s, however, suggests that the half-hearted governance of the sales function among suppliers did not result simply from a conventional production-oriented management, but also from the self-interest of the automobile manufacturers, who obviously wished to remain in control of the ultimate consumer market. Nevertheless, some suppliers especially those with strong R&D capabilities succeeded in adapting a market-oriented business strategy, e.g. Peddinghaus as a troubleshooter for the car makers on the supply market or ABB with multi-stage marketing activities which directly reached the ultimate consumer market.

Gusts of Change

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Roudometof
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
New World Order ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Multiple Modernities ◽  
New Vision ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Dominant Theory

Since the 1960s, the concepts of the ‘global’ and the ‘transnational’ have challenged the state-centred orientation of several disciplines. By 1989, the ‘global’ contained sufficient ambiguity and conceptual promise to emerge as a potentially new central concept to replace the conventional notion of modernity. The consequences of the 1989 revolutions for this emerging concept were extensive. As a result of the post-communist ‘New World Order’, a new vision of a single triumphant political and economic system was put forward. With the ‘globalizing of modernity’ as a description of the post-1989 reality, ‘globalization’ became the policy mantra of the Clinton and Blair administrations up until the late 1990s when ‘anti-globalization’ activists were able to question the salience of this dominant theory of ‘globalization’. In scholarly discussion, ‘globalization’ became a floating signifier to be filled with a variety of disciplinary and political meanings. In the post-9/11 era, this Western-centred ‘globalization’ has been conceptually linked to cosmopolitanism while it has played a minor role in the multiple modernities agenda. The article concludes with an assessment of the current status of the ‘global’ in theory and research.

Material models, photography, and the threshold of calculation

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Daniela Fabricius
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Data ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Lightweight Structures ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
Coordinate Position ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
A Minor

Histories of the advent of architectural computation typically describe a moment of transition from physical models and drawings to codes, information and data, leading almost inevitably to the digital technologies of the present. However, the trajectory from material form and its calculated representation was not always so direct. The work of Frei Otto, and the Institute for Lightweight Structures (IL) that he founded in 1964 at the University of Stuttgart, is an example of how material experimentation, media techniques, and calculation came together in novel ways. This history is distinguished by the fact that calculating machines played a minor role. In the 1960s and 1970s, researchers at the Institute for Lightweight Structures arrived at ways of making and calculating architectural form that was arguably proto-digital. But this began with entirely material processes that were not easily turned into numerical data, nor were they limited to the immaterial ‘space’ of the screen where every coordinate position – and thus every form – had to be numerically accounted for. Experiments, devices, tools, and modes of representation were developed to serve as means of translation between incalculable materiality and calculable information. Unlike early experiments with computation that happened largely within the black box of the computer, here the interaction between material objects and data took place in physical laboratories and workshop spaces.

scholarly journals Potential for seed production of non-traditional herbage species in New Zealand

1990 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
J.G. Hampton ◽  
M.J. Hill ◽  
M.P. Rolston
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Annual Medics ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Complete Dependence

The New Zealand herbage seed industry is looking to diversify and reduce its almost complete dependence on ryegrass and white clover. This review examines some opportunities and constraints to achieving this industry goal. In the near future, low input sustainable agriculture is likely to create a demand for seed of species such as alsike, Caucasian, zigzag and suckling clovers, crown vetch, velvet grass, white sweet clover, hairy canary clover, birdsfoot trefoil, perennial lupin, yarrow, tagasaste, wheat grass, oat grass, phalaris, paspalum, dogstail and sheep's burnet. There is also potential for export of herbage legumes such as annual medics, berseem clover, vetches, sainfoin, sulla, lotus and sweet clover, particularly to the Mediterranean region and Australia. The New Zealand seed industry has the strengths required to meet these challenges, and areas of lower fertility and free-draining irrigatable soils such as parts of Canterbury are likely to be highly suitable for non-conventional herbage legume seed production. At present there are important constraints, including lack of seed supply and therefore little demand, very limited seed production information, lack of available financial resources, and competition from overseas producers. These problems are discussed. However, they can be overcome, and by 1995 New Zealand could expect commercial seed production of birdsfoot trefoil, sulla, perennial lupin, serradella, Caucasian and zigzag clovers, velvet grass, smooth and upland bromes, phalaris, paspalum, dogstail, dryland bent, yarrow and sheep's burnet. Brief seed production information for some of these species is appended. Keywords: herbage legumes and grasses, pasture herbs, forage shrubs, seed production potential, export, research, marketing

scholarly journals The Growing Monopoly in the Corn Seed Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-659
Author(s):  
Bethany K Sumpter
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Department Of Justice ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
The Road ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
The Government ◽  
On The Road ◽  
A Company

How a company conducts business is often a consumer concern. Individuals have accused company after company of monopolistic behavior. These individuals have also criticized the Department of Justice for not stopping a monopoly from forming in a specific industry. An example is the corn seed industry, where stakeholders have accused companies of monopolistic behavior. Recent mergers and acquisitions in the corn seed industry have left fewer companies in control, and because of this consolidation, individuals are urging the government to act. This Comment argues that, while the corn seed industry is on the road to containing a monopoly, the industry does not yet contain enough characteristics to warrant a government response. However, when a monopoly does form, the government should, and likely will, act.

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