An empirical investigation of the rank correlation between different risk measures

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Pfingsten ◽  
Peter Wagner ◽  
Carsten Wolferink
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Rank Correlation

A Further Empirical Investigation of German Firms’ Financial Structure and Ensuing Risks / Finanzierungsstrukturen und Risiken im Unternehmenssektor der Bundesrepublik Deutschland – Weitere Ergebnisse anhand von Unternehmensdaten

2001 ◽  
Vol 221 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Kirchesch ◽  
Marc Sommer ◽  
Peter Stahlecker
Keyword(s):  
Financial Risk ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Empirical Distribution ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

SummaryThe changes in the financial structures of West German industrial enterprises have been investigated in Größl/Stahlecker/Wohlers (2001). The empirical analysis confirmed the hypothesis that small and medium-sized enterprises are confronted with higher - and even rising - financial risks than larger enterprises. Thresholds were introduced to serve as signals for lenders to tighten credit conditions or even file for bankruptcy. Unfortunately, the empirical distribution of the financial ratios could not be quantified, because the analysis has been - due to reasons of availability - based on aggregate data. The present paper’s aim is to check the robustness of the results and to quantify the development of the financial risk measures by using firm-level data that have been the base for the Bundesbank’s special evaluation of the balance sheet statistic of West German enterprises. Our results confirm the higher risk position of small and medium-sized enterprises in the period 1987-1996.

GDP Movements in High and Moderate HDI Economies: An Empirical Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
N. M. P. Verma ◽  
Monika Gaur ◽  
Ravi Kant
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Real Picture ◽  
Casual Relationship

Economists worldwide acknowledge the estimation and implications of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Human Development Index (HDI) as a measure of development across the globe. The analysis of GDP and its various components are still useful in order to observe the financial scenario of the economy. Since GDP does not include the various relevant components of socio-economic and environmental activities, it also does not reveal the real picture of economic progress. Several efforts have been made by economists worldwide to quantify better indicators of wellbeing. The Human Development Report, 1996, pioneered the casual relationship between economic growth and human development. There is a usual relationship between these two, because economic growth creates the basis for human development via providing financial benefits or monetary gains to the economy, provided that the formulation of rational policies and their implementation are appropriately executed. This study tries to synthesize economic growth and human development. The research employs Spearman rank correlation and Logistic regression of high and middle human development countries across 1990 to 2017, to determine the association mentioned above. The data is from the UNDP database and various reports and articles related to human development and economic growth.Policy implication is useful.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE EQUITY FUNDS IN THE YEARS 2004–2015 USING VAR AND CVAR MEASURES

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Dorota Żebrowska-Suchodolska
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Conditional Value At Risk ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Equity Funds ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient

The paper presents analysis of the risk and effectiveness of investments in equity funds using value at risk (VaR) and conditional value at risk measures, i.e. reward to value at risk (RVaR) and conditional Sharpe ratio (CS). The study was conducted for 2004–2015, divided into shorter sub-periods (two-, three-, four- and five-year). The stability of the rankings of funds was examined and its significance was verified using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between subsequent sub-periods. The highest values of measures were observed for 2004–2005. Even then, they were not satisfactory, and the lack of stability of the results does not guarantee that they will be repeated in the future.

Self-Esteem and the SCII: Empirical Investigation of a Clinical Observation

1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Karen Friedel ◽  
Jo-Ida Hansen ◽  
Thomas J. Hummel ◽  
Warren F. Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Self Esteem

Positive correlation between neovascularization degree of carotid atherosclerosis determined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and level of serum C-reactive protein

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 0187-0194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoni Chang ◽  
Jun Feng ◽  
Litao Ruan ◽  
Jing Shang ◽  
Yanqiu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Axis View

Background: Neovascularization is one of the most important risk factors for unstable plaque. This study was designed to correlate plaque thickness, artery stenosis and levels of serum C-reactive protein with the degree of intraplaque enhancement determined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Patients and methods: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed on 72 carotid atherosclerotic plaques in 48 patients. Contrast enhancement within the plaque was categorized as grade 1, 2 or 3. Maximum plaque thickness was measured in short-axis view. Carotid artery stenosis was categorized as mild, moderate or severe. Results: Plaque contrast enhancement was not associated with the degree of artery stenosis or with plaque thickness. Serum C-reactive protein levels were positively correlated with the number of new vessels in the plaque. C-reactive protein levels increased in the three groups(Grade 1: 3.72±1.79mg/L; Grade 2: 7.88±4.24 mg/L; Grade 3: 11.02±3.52 mg/L), with significant differences among them (F=10.14, P<0.01), and significant differences between each two groups (P<0.05). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that serum C-reactive protein levels were positively correlated with the degree of carotid plaque enhancement (Rs =0.69, P<0.01). Conclusions: The combination of C-reactive protein levels and intraplaque neovascularization detected by contrast-enhanced ultrasound may allow more accurate evaluation of plaque stability.

Self-Injurious Behavior vs. Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Bloom ◽  
Shareen Holly ◽  
Adam M. P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Cns Stimulant ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Background: Historically, the field of self-injury has distinguished between the behaviors exhibited among individuals with a developmental disability (self-injurious behaviors; SIB) and those present within a normative population (nonsuicidal self-injury; NSSI),which typically result as a response to perceived stress. More recently, however, conclusions about NSSI have been drawn from lines of animal research aimed at examining the neurobiological mechanisms of SIB. Despite some functional similarity between SIB and NSSI, no empirical investigation has provided precedent for the application of SIB-targeted animal research as justification for pharmacological interventions in populations demonstrating NSSI. Aims: The present study examined this question directly, by simulating an animal model of SIB in rodents injected with pemoline and systematically manipulating stress conditions in order to monitor rates of self-injury. Methods: Sham controls and experimental animals injected with pemoline (200 mg/kg) were assigned to either a low stress (discriminated positive reinforcement) or high stress (discriminated avoidance) group and compared on the dependent measures of self-inflicted injury prevalence and severity. Results: The manipulation of stress conditions did not impact the rate of self-injury demonstrated by the rats. The results do not support a model of stress-induced SIB in rodents. Conclusions: Current findings provide evidence for caution in the development of pharmacotherapies of NSSI in human populations based on CNS stimulant models. Theoretical implications are discussed with respect to antecedent factors such as preinjury arousal level and environmental stress.

Authorship Decision Making: An Empirical Investigation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn J. Geelhoed ◽  
Julia C. Phillips ◽  
Ann R. Fischer ◽  
Elaine Shpungin ◽  
Younnjung Gong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Investigation
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