Altered Effective Brain Connectivity During Habituation in First Episode Schizophrenia With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: A Dichotic Listening EEG Study

Background: Habituation is considered to have protective and filtering mechanisms. The present study is aim to find the casual relationship and mechanisms of excitatory–inhibitory (E/I) dysfunctions in schizophrenia (SCZ) via habituation.Methods: A dichotic listening paradigm was performed with simultaneous EEG recording on 22 schizophrenia patients and 22 gender- and age-matched healthy controls. Source reconstruction and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) analysis were performed to estimate the effective connectivity and casual relationship between frontal and temporal regions before and after habituation.Results: The schizophrenia patients expressed later habituation onset (p < 0.01) and hyper-activity in both lateral frontal–temporal cortices than controls (p = 0.001). The patients also showed decreased top-down and bottom-up connectivity in bilateral frontal–temporal regions (p < 0.01). The contralateral frontal–frontal and temporal–temporal connectivity showed a left to right decreasing (p < 0.01) and right to left strengthening (p < 0.01).Conclusions: The results give causal evidence for E/I imbalance in schizophrenia during dichotic auditory processing. The altered effective connectivity in frontal–temporal circuit could represent the trait bio-marker of schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations.

The Deepening of Jokowi’s Populist Leadership Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring its Effect to Economy and Global Partnership

The rise of populist leaders amidst the pandemic has become the fundamental debate of political scholars nowadays. This article described the populist leadership pattern of Jokowi in times of the outbreak COVID-19 pandemic and its implication toward the economy and global partnership. The qualitative method and descriptive analysis approach have been used in this article. Through library research in several resources, this article explained the casual relationship of Jokowi’s populist leadership amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and its implication toward the economy and global partnership. The result of this research has shown that Jokowi’s populist leader in the form of bias optimism, anti-science, and leadership ambiguity has led Indonesia into the worsening of pandemic cases among Southeast Asia countries. The incapability of the Indonesian government to tackle the increased number of COVID-19 cases has been proven by the negative economic growth in the scope of regional and global partnerships. Furthermore, this article concludes that Jokowi’s populist leadership has failed to maintain the economy and global partnership.

Covid-19 and Diabetes Mellitus a Serious Concern for the Covid -19 Patients: A Brief Review

Diabetes mellitus a group of metabolic disorders in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the pancrease does not produce enough insulin or because cells do not respond properly to the insulin that is produced. Coronavirus disease (Covid -19) recently emerged with formidable infectivity and high mortality. Emerging data suggest that diabetes is one of the most prevalent comorbidities in patients with covid -19, although casual relationship has not been investigated , where as pre existing diabetes can be considered as a risk factor for the adverse outcome of covid -19 .The present article discussed the literature related to the corelation between diabetes and covid -19.

An Assessment Framework for Solar Cell Material Based on a Modified Fuzzy DEMATEL Approach

We propose an evaluation system to choose appropriate materials for solar cells. A fuzzy DEMATEL information procedure was used for decision-making to gather information and analyze the casual relationship. These data acquired were partitioned into causal and impact bunches, empowering users to gather an improved understanding of the intelligent relationship among them, as well as making recommendations for changes to upgrade their general execution. The proposed approach can deliver a compelling fabric choice assessment with satisfactory criteria that fit the respondent’s discernment designs; particularly, these evaluation dimensions are interlaced. Recommendations are given to assist government authorities to plan a Taiwan solar cell industry approach and for industries to develop commerce techniques for improvement in the solar cell field.

A review on vaccine pharmacovigilance during covid-19

Pharmacovigilance is important for collecting, detecting, monitoring adverse events which is the main objective. The adverse events reported should be assessed in order to know the casual relationship and avoid unnecessary effects on the recipient. Many people are vaccinating in a short period, so it is becoming much burden to the pharmacovigilance centers. The international society of pharmacovigilance (ISOP), the French national agency for medicines and health products safety (ANSM), and many others were in continuous collaboration and taking many initiatives to identify the safety and efficacy of vaccines and to provide answers to the raised questions respectively. Through pharmacovigilance, signals were detected, and many adverse events were identified. Pharmacovigilance of BioNTech/Pfizer-m-RNA, Moderna-mRNA vaccine, Covishield, Johnson and Johnson, Vaxzevria, Sputnik V, Convidecia are addressed. With BioNTech/Pfizer-m-RNA 12,249 ADRs, with Moderna-mRNA vaccine 577 ADRs, with Covishield 447 ADRs, with Johnson and Johnson 653 ADRs, with Vaxzevria 743 ADRs were reported. These vaccines resulted in immune thrombocytopenic purpura, cerebrovascular events, thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, facial paralysis, deaths, and many other reactions which may be fatal. But the events reported were less compared to the safety of the patients. All these events were maintained by the Uppsala monitoring center.

Acute Myocardial Infarction and Allergy, Causal or Casual Relationship?

A 53-year-old man with a known allergy to metamizole presented for acute gonalgia, receiving metamizole by mistake. He suffers a severe allergy reaction accompanied by chest pain and signs of acute lower myocardial infarction, which subsides with treatment of anaphylactic shock and fibrinolysis, without observing intracoronary thrombus or signs of complication of atherosclerotic plaque. LEARNING OBJECTIVE An exceptional clinical case is presented illustrating an acute myocardial infarction related to a severe allergic reaction. In addition, a review of the optimal management of this entity is carried out. We intend to make this entity known, which should be suspected in the appropriate clinical setting

My Cat and Me—A Study of Cat Owner Perceptions of Their Bond and Relationship

Cats form close emotional relationships with humans, yet little is known about this. This study characterized different types of relationship that cats might establish with their owners. Data were analyzed from 3994 responses to a questionnaire developed using expressions of social support and attachment in relation to everyday cat–owner interactions. Principal component analysis reduced the items to four factors: the “owner’s emotional investment in the cat”, “cat’s acceptance of others”, “cat’s need for owner proximity” and “cat’s aloofness”. Cluster identified three groups of owners with two of these each sub-divided into two. The “open relationship bond” was characterized by a lightly emotionally invested owner and an avoidant cat. The “remote association” and “casual relationship” were characterized by an emotionally remote owner but differed in the cat’s acceptance of others. The “co-dependent” and “friendship” relationship were characterized by an emotionally invested owner but differed in the cat’s acceptance of others and need to maintain owner proximity. In conclusion, as with any complex social relationship, the type of cat–owner bond that develops is the product of the dynamic that exists between both the individuals involved, along with certain personality features, of which, the wider sociability of the cat and owner expectations may be particularly important.

Acute myocardial infarction and allergy, causal or casual relationship?

A 53-year-old man with a known allergy to metamizole presented for acute gonalgia, receiving metamizole by mistake. He suffers a severe allergy reaction accompanied by chest pain and signs of acute lower myocardial infarction, which subsides with treatment of anaphylactic shock and fibrinolysis, without observing intracoronary thrombus or signs of complication of atherosclerotic plaque. Keywords: Kounis syndrome; Allergic myocardial infarction; Myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries.

The Effect of Service Quality and Facilities on Purchasing Decisions at UD. Bintang Petani Jaya in Pematangsiantar

This research is based on a casual relationship that is causal in nature, there are independent variables (variables that influence), dependent variables (variables that are affected) and mediating variables (variables that affect the relationship between the independent variable and the independent variable. Based on the results, it can be seen that the coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) is 0.403. This value means that the effect of the independent variable (service quality and facilities) on the dependent variable (purchase decision) is 40.3% while the remaining 59.7% is influenced by the other purchasing decision factors that are not examined. Based on the results of the F test, it is known that the significant level value obtained is 0,000 and it is smaller than the significant standard at the level of trust 5% or 0.05 and the comparison between F count and F table, where F counts are 15,507 is greater than F table which is 2,922, so it can be It is concluded that Ha is accepted or the quality of services and facilities has a significant effect on purchasing decisions.

The Marketing Efficiency Development to Create Value-Added for Product and Service of Community-Based Tourism. Study Case for Phatthalung Province

This study aims to examine the hypothesis and to carry out the path analysis of casual relationship influencing the marketing efficiency development to create value-added for product and service of community-based tourism; Phatthalung Province, Thailand. The findings are as follows. First, the hypothesis model matched with the empirical data by considering the value of CMIN/df = 1.596, p-value = .768, GFI = .976, AGFI = 0.972. RMR = 0.000, RMSEA = 0.005, NFI = 0.991, TLI = 0.998 and CFI = 0.999, respectively. The total effect of the causal variable having most effect towards the marketing efficiency development is the entrepreneurial orientation and all compositions explained the marketing efficiency’ s variance accounting for 71.90%. Second, the conceptual model of the causal relationship having effect towards the marketing efficiency development consists of one direct effect variable – the entrepreneurial orientation whereas there are 3 direct and indirect effect variables having effect towards the marketing competency; risk appetite, proactive operation and innovation capability.