Challenges Hindering the Resourcing for Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction in Gaza

Resourcing post-disaster housing reconstruction (PDHR) entails many drawbacks creating bottlenecks to reconstruction projects. Understanding these vulnerable issues is of utmost to identify the appropriate interventions to mitigate their effects. The devastating aggression in 2014 in Gaza Strip served as a typical example of resources hampers. Based on the quantitative approach, the research employed a self-administrated questionnaire survey to identify the most significant challenges hindering the resourcing for post-2014 aggression housing reconstruction. The questionnaire targeted 55 of the key people in the implementing agencies of post-2014 aggression housing reconstruction. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics, through frequency distribution and effect index (EI); and using inferential statistics through one sample Wilcoxon signed rank test. Findings indicated that the challenges related to political issues have the most significant effect on resourcing the PDHR. The main key challenges are: (1) Difficulties to obtain permits from the Israeli side to flow the reconstruction materials into the Gaza Strip, (2) Insufficient funds for reconstruction efforts and (3) Refusal of the international community to contact the local de facto government. This research fills the knowledge gap relating to Gaza and provides the basis for more research on resourcing problems. This research has also extended, updated and confirmed the current knowledge regarding challenges hindering the resourcing for PDHR. The results draw attention of the implementing agencies in Gaza to the factors that creating bottlenecks to resource the reconstruction projects in order to overcome them and to mitigate their negative effects.

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Practice Framework for the Management of Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction Programmes

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10113929 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3929 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Abdulquadri Bilau ◽

Emlyn Witt ◽

Irene Lill

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

International Consensus ◽

Reconstruction Process ◽

Management Measures ◽

Beneficiary Community ◽

Research Findings ◽

Housing Reconstruction ◽

Practice Framework ◽

Post Disaster

Despite an international consensus for housing to be “built back better” (BBB) following disasters, and the considerable resources expended on reconstruction efforts globally, the management of post-disaster housing reconstruction programmes often leaves much to be desired. This research presents a framework for the management of post-disaster housing reconstruction in developing countries based on a comprehensive identification of the issues affecting the management of reconstruction programmes and the management measures which have proved effective in mitigating these issues and achieving the desired BBB outcomes. The framework highlights the strategic importance of preparedness measures that should be taken before the next disaster strikes and the cross-cutting nature of capacity building and beneficiary community engagement measures that are essential to all stages of the post-disaster reconstruction process. The research findings are limited to developing countries, as the evidence on which they are based is almost entirely from post-disaster housing experiences in the developing world. The framework may, however, be adapted to different, specific post-disaster reconstruction contexts. This research has compiled, extended and up-dated current knowledge regarding the management of housing reconstruction programmes and it provides practical guidance for policy makers and practitioners.

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Assessment of Physicians’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Smoking Cessation Management in the Gaza Strip

Journal of Addiction Research ◽

10.33140/jar.04.02.01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Gaza Strip ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Palestinian Territories ◽

The Gaza Strip ◽

The Impact

Background: Despite its negative effects, approximately 23% of Palestinians (≥ 18 years) smoke cigarettes. Studies have shown physicians to be an important channel for smoking cessation intervention. This investigation examines physicians’ smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in the Gaza strip (Palestinian Territories). Methods and Findings: A convenience sample of 154 physicians in medical and surgical units took part in this investigation (87.7% response rate). The data show that 37.8% of physicians in Gaza smoke, and most of them about 72% smoke in the hospital’s public spaces, thereby implicitly giving public approval for smoking. While 82.4% reported that they advise patients who smoke to stop, the majority (59%) also believe that their own smoking habits negatively influence the impact of that advice. Unfortunately, our survey showed that physicians’ knowledge levels towards smoking addiction and management were lower than expected (e.g. only 34% knew that nicotine dependence is a psychiatric disorder that necessitates treatment). The physicians in this study believed that the primary barriers to failure of their patients’ smoking cessation were the perceived lack of will (81.3%), and the strength of patients’ addiction (67.9%). Moreover, (61%) of physicians did not spend enough time to convince their patients to quit smoking. Conclusion: Smoking is common among Gaza-strip physicians, and unfortunately, most of them smoke in the hospital’s public spaces. Many obstacles face the smoking cessation program that some physicians linked it to patients, and others linked it to the health-care system. Furthermore, smokers in Gaza receive poor care regarding assessment, referral, and management of their smoking habit.

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Post-conflict housing reconstruction in the Gaza Strip

International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis ◽

10.1108/ijhma-03-2019-0034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 317-330

Author(s):

Ghassan Elkahlout

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Gaza Strip ◽

Research Approach ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Conflict Setting ◽

Content Type ◽

Post Conflict ◽

The Gaza Strip ◽

Housing Reconstruction ◽

Housing Units

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility of using the agency-driven housing approach in a post-conflict context. This paper aims to identify the challenges in applying the agency-driven approach within the context of post-conflict housing reconstruction in the Gaza Strip. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a qualitative research approach was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders and representatives of project beneficiaries. Secondary data drawn from academic papers, articles, technical reports and media reports were also obtained. Findings The findings support doubts in the literature about the feasibility of using the agency-driven approach in post-conflict housing reconstruction. The paper concludes that an agency-driven housing project successfully constructed a few thousand housing units and provided thousands of temporary job opportunities. The project encountered challenges in beneficiary selection; affordability of housing units; access to building materials; governance issues; and delays in implementation. Practical implications This paper offers valuable lessons for decision-makers, planners and architects to build on in future endeavours in Gaza and in similar contexts. Originality/value This paper particularly confirms the challenges of using the agency-driven housing approach in a post-conflict setting. These findings are useful for policy-makers to develop relevant strategies to address housing needs in the Gaza Strip.

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The Practice and Case Law of Israel in Matters Related to International Law

Israel Law Review ◽

10.1017/s0021223700014746 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 506-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rotem M. Giladi

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

General Framework ◽

West Bank ◽

Gaza Strip ◽

Case Law ◽

The West ◽

Political Issues ◽

Palestine Liberation Organization ◽

The Government ◽

The Gaza Strip

The Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (“the Interim Agreement”) represents another stage in the implementation of the framework established in the Declaration of Principles signed between the Government of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (the “PLO”), commonly known as the “Oslo process”. In essence, the Interim Agreement provides for the establishment of self-government arrangements in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, as envisaged in the Declaration of Principles, while explicitly superseding the arrangements which applied in the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area since May 1994. In addition, the Interim Agreement provides for “direct, free and general political elections” to be held in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.The aim of this section is to acquaint lawyers with the general framework of the Agreement, and the primary legal and political issues dealt with by the Interim Agreement, rather than to describe the specifics of each of its many provisions. Where required, reference will be made to the Declaration of Principles and to previous Agreements concluded between the Parties. At times, reference will also be made to the Camp David Framework of 1978.

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Economic and post - disaster in Gaza: الاقتصاد وما بعد الكارثة في غزة

مجلة إدارة المخاطر والأزمات - Journal of Risk and Crisis Management ◽

10.26389/ajsrp.b100419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Bissan Rajab Fares, Mohammed M. El Mougher, Mohamed Ramadan

Keyword(s):

Economic Crisis ◽

Gaza Strip ◽

The State ◽

The Face ◽

The Gaza Strip ◽

Post Disaster

The Gaza Strip suffers from the economic destruction caused by the wars and siege, which constitutes a disaster for the Palestinian people. In this research, We discuss the role of the economy in the aftermath of the disaster and compare the State of Iraq in the face of its disaster and how it managed to get out of that crisis. There was an interview with Professor Naser Awad in the Ministry of Economy, On how to get out of the economic crisis in Gaza.

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Knowledge, attitudes, and confidence levels of dental hygiene students regarding teledentistry: A pilot study

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice ◽

10.46743/1540-580x/2007.1167 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Brigette Cooper ◽

Lynnette Engeswick

Keyword(s):

Student Attitudes ◽

Dental Hygiene ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Rank Test ◽

Student Knowledge ◽

Dental Hygiene Students ◽

Electronic Submission ◽

Confidence Levels ◽

Before And After ◽

Signed Rank Test

Teledentistry provides a viable option for dental professionals to increase care in underserved areas. Dental hygiene students at a state university completed a course in teledentistry that includes performing oral health screenings on children using intraoral cameras and electronic submission of dental images to an off-site dentist for diagnosis. Purpose: The objectives of this study were to examine student knowledge, attitudes, and confidence levels before and after completion of a course on teledentistry. Method: A 5-point Likert scale survey consisting of 10 items was administered to students ages twenty-two to twenty-five (N=24) in a teledentistry course the first and last day of class. The survey included current knowledge of teledentistry, attitudes regarding effectiveness of teledentistry, and confidence in acquiring the necessary technical skills. Results: Survey results were analyzed using a matched-pairs t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. There were significant increase in student knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in 9 of the 10 questions (p<.01). Conclusion: This study indicates that student attitudes were positively changed in their knowledge of the effectiveness of teledentistry in identifying dental needs in underserved areas, the role dental hygienists play in access to care, and confidence in acquiring and submitting dental images. These findings, in conjunction with research by other investigators, support continued implementation of teledentistry in dental hygiene education.

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Improving Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction Outcomes in the Global South: A Framework for Achieving Greater Beneficiary Satisfaction through Effective Community Consultation

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11040145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 145

Author(s):

Troy Capell ◽

Iftekhar Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Community Consultation ◽

Housing Design ◽

Case Study Analysis ◽

Qualitative Research Methodology ◽

Effective Community ◽

Housing Reconstruction ◽

High Level ◽

Post Disaster ◽

Implementing Agencies

The purpose of this paper was to examine the community consultation practices carried out by implementing agencies when managing post-disaster housing reconstruction (PDHR) projects, identify the obstacles they face, and evaluate the effect these obstacles have on the quality of information obtained in relation to achieving a high level of beneficiary satisfaction. The aim was to develop a framework for community consultation in PDHR, which ensures that the needs of beneficiaries are more accurately reflected in the housing produced. A qualitative research methodology was adopted with data first being obtained through a literature review of relevant publications and implementing agency reports as a means of establishing common themes among community consultation practices and identifying indicators that influence beneficiary satisfaction. This was followed by a case study analysis to further an understanding of how these indicators were affected by the community consultation practices undertaken in a real-world context. The results of the research indicate that community consultation often forms a central role in the planning and delivery of PDHR projects, however, despite the implementing agencies’ best intentions, there are often obstacles that prevent the process from achieving the desired result. The community consultation framework proposed here has been developed to address the identified obstacles with the aim of ensuring that beneficiary requirements are included in housing design as a means of improving the level of beneficiary satisfaction in the housing provided.

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