Cover Crops, Fertilizer Nitrogen Rates, and Economic Return of Grain Sorghum

ABSTRACT The production of horticultural crops in no-tillage and in rotation with cover crops reduces the dependency in nitrogen fertilizer, due to increased soil organic matter and by biological fixation performed by legumes. Thus, the aim of this work was to study rates of nitrogen fertilization and cover crops in the agronomic performance of tomato and broccoli grown under no-tillage. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with four replications. Treatments consisted of cover crops, sunn hemp and millet, and four rates of nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg/ha of nitrogen), for both the tomato and broccoli crops. All soil management was performed in no-tillage. For tomato crops we evaluated the plant growth, the nitrate concentration of sprouts and fruits and yield of commercial and non commercial fruits. For broccoli we evaluated plant growth and yield. There was an interaction effect between cover crop and nitrogen rates to tomato growth measured at 100 days after transplanting, for plant height, number of fruit bunches, dry mass of leaves and diameter of the stalk. The tomato commercial fruit number and yield showed maximum values with 137 and 134 kg/ha of N respectively, on the sunn hemp straw. The nitrate concentration of the tomato sprouts was linearly increasing with the increase of nitrogen rates, when grown on the millet straw. For broccoli production, the maximum fresh mass of commercial inflorescence was with 96 kg/ha of N, when grown on the millet straw.

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Sorghum — peanut crop sequences at Katherine, N.T.

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9610144 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

LJ Phillips ◽

MJT Norman

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽

Preceding Crop ◽

Nitrogen Yield ◽

Peanut Crop ◽

Sorghum Grain ◽

Crop Sequence

Between 1957-58 and 1960-61, a crop sequence experiment with grain sorghum and peanuts with and without nitrogen fertilizer was carried out on Tippera clay loam at Katherine, N.T. Neither crop was influenced by the crop grown two years before it. Peanuts showed no response to preceding crop or to nitrogen fertilizer. Sorghum grain yields were 77 per cent higher after peanuts than after sorghum, and sorghum stubble yields 56 per cent higher. Nitrogen fertilizer increased sorghum grain and stubble yield when the crop followed sorghum, but not when the crop followed peanuts. Nitrogen content of sorghum grain was higher after peanuts than after sorghum, and was also increased slightly by nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen yield of sorghum grain was almost twice as high in crops following peanuts than in crops following sorghum. Nitrogen fertilizer increased nitrogen yield of sorghum grain when the crop followed sorghum, but not when the crop followed peanuts.

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Influence of Nitrogen Rates and Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cultivars on Weed Control

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500057064 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 115-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Stephen A. Valenti ◽

Gail A. Wicks

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Weed Control ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

Before And After ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

N Fertility ◽

N Rates ◽

Nitrogen Rates

Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of nitrogen (N) fertility and winter wheat cultivars on weed infestations in a winter wheat-ecofallow sorghum-fallow rotation near North Platte, NE. Centurk 78 and Lancota winter wheat suppressed density and growth of barnyardgrass and green foxtail significantly more than Eagle winter wheat before and after wheat harvest. Increasing N rates applied to winter wheat decreased annual grass weed population and weed yields. However, 67 and 101 kg N ha−1reduced winter wheat grain yields compared to 34 kg N ha−1. Plots treated at 2.8 plus 0.3 kg ai ha−1of atrazine plus paraquat 31 d after wheat harvest had more barnyardgrass before grain sorghum planting in 1983 than plots treated 17 d after wheat harvest but the reverse was true for green foxtail after grain sorghum emergence in 1984. Increasing N rates from 34 kg ha−1to 67 and 101 kg ha−1in the previous wheat crop decreased weed density before and after grain sorghum planting. There was no advantage in weed control in the grain sorghum from applying N to winter wheat in the fall vs. spring.

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Morphogenesis, biomass and nutritive value ofPanicum maximumunder different shade levels and fertilizer nitrogen rates

Grass and Forage Science ◽

10.1111/gfs.12264 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 590-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

D. S. C. Paciullo ◽

C. A. M. Gomide ◽

C. R. T. Castro ◽

R. M. Maurício ◽

P. B. Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Rates

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Economic Return versus Crop Water Productivity of Maize for Various Nitrogen Rates under Full Irrigation, Limited Irrigation, and Rainfed Settings in South Central Nebraska

Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001023 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 142 (6) ◽

pp. 04016017 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Daran Rudnick ◽

Suat Irmak ◽

Richard Ferguson ◽

Tim Shaver ◽

Koffi Djaman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Productivity ◽

Full Irrigation ◽

Crop Water ◽

Economic Return ◽

South Central ◽

Crop Water Productivity ◽

Nitrogen Rates

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Inbred maize response to cover crops and fertilizer-nitrogen

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v96i1-2.245 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

David Sotomayor-Ramírez ◽

Randy Huckaba ◽

Ricky Barnes ◽

Ronald Dorcinvil ◽

Jesús Espinosa

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

N Application ◽

Area Index ◽

Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Maize Response

Maize (Zea mays L.) inbred seed production fields on the southern semiarid coast of Puerto Rico are usually fallow each year from May to September. Inbreds have lower seed yields than single-cross hybrids, yet producers tend to apply high fertilizer nitrogen (N) levels in efforts to increase yields. Inbred maize response to fertilizer-N was evaluated on the southern semiarid coast of Puerto Rico in a cover crop-maize cropping sequence in 2009, and in a fallow-maize sequence in 2010 in a Fluventic Haplustoll. In general, maize produced after a legume cover crop of velvetbean (Mucuna prurience) or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata 'Iron Clay') had better yields and agronomic traits than maize after the fallow treatment. In 2009, maximum seed yields of 2,726 kg/ha were obtained with fertilizer-N application in the range of 112 to 224 kg N/ha. In 2010, maximum seed yields of 1,447 kg/ha were obtained with fertilizer-N application in the range of 84 to 211 kg N/ha. Harvest index was 0.26 and 0.27 in 2009 and 2010 for all fertilizer-N treatments; higher than that for unfertilized maize. In general, agronomic traits were superior as a result of fertilizer-N application without consistent differences among fertilizer-N levels applied. The SPAD chlorophyll meter, leaf color index and leaf area index were suitable indicators of N status in the maize plants. Highest N use efficiencies were observed for the 112 kg N/ha and 84 kg N/ha fertilizer levels for 2009 and 2010, respectively, and decreased with increasing fertilizer-N applied. Fertilizer-N rates in soils, climatic systems, and maize inbreds similar to the ones tested should be between 84 and 112 kg N/ha. Greater amounts of fertilizer-N will result in decreased economic benefit and potential environmental contamination.

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(22) Effect of Biculture Legume-Cereal Cover Crops on Kernel Weight and Yields of Sweet Corn Grown with or without Synthetic Nitrogen

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1074b ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1074B-1074

Author(s):

Wayne F. Whitehead ◽

Bharat P. Singh

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Block Design ◽

Total Yield ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Fertility Treatments ◽

Nitrogen Rates ◽

Ear Number

The goal of this study was to compare the effect of leguminous and non-leguminous cover crops alone or in mixture with fertilizer nitrogen rates on kernel weight, ear number, and yield of Bt sweet corn. The following fall-spring fertility treatments were applied using randomized complete-block design with three replications: 1) fall-0 N, fallow; spring-0 N, 2) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye; spring-0 N, 3) fall-0 N, hairy vetch; spring-0 N, 4) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye+hairy vetch; spring-0 N, 5) fall-0 N, fallow; spring-101 kg N/ha, 6) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye; spring-101 kg N/ha, 7) fall-0 N, hairy vetch; spring-101 kg N/ha, 8) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye+hairy vetch; spring-101 kg N/ha, 9) fall-0 N, fallow; spring-202 kg N/ha, 10) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye; spring-202 kg N/ha, 11) fall-0 N, hairy vetch; spring-202 kg N/ha, and 12) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye+hairy vetch; spring-202 kg N/ha. In Spring of 2005, `Attribute BSS0977' bi-color (BC) supersweet (sh2) corn seeds were field planted. Total unhusked ear yield and ear number were harvested 74 days after planting, while kernel weight was measured from three randomly chosen ears. Maximum kernel fresh weight (111.6 g/ear), ear number (101,773/ha) and total yield (17.3 Mg/ha) were produced by hairy vetch; spring-101 kg N/ha. Minimum kernel fresh weight (23.0 g/ear) and ear number (51,485/ha) were produced by fallow; spring-0 N, while minimum total yield (2.2 Mg/ha) was produced by abruzzi rye; spring-0 N. Results indicate that hairy vetch supplemented with N at 101 kg/ha is most effective in supporting kernel fresh weight, ear number and yield of this BCsh2 corn variety.

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UPTAKE AND EXPENSE OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM IN GRAIN SORGHUM DEPENDS ON NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng2001046t ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ivan VELINOV ◽

Zhivko TODOROV ◽

Svetla KOSTADINOVA

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

N Uptake ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

K Uptake ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Nitrogen Rates ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

The uptake and expense of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in grain sorghum was studied in a field experiment during the period 2017-2018. Hybrid EC Alize was grown under non-irrigated conditions. The applied nitrogen fertilization was in rates 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg N.ha-1. It was established that application of N240 and N300 let to high average uptake of nitrogen (212.0 kg N.ha-1) and phosphorus (125.2 kg P2O5.ha-1) in maturity. The higher removal of 159.9 kg K2O.ha-1 on average was observed at N180 rate. The expense of nitrogen for production of 1 t of grain increased in parallel with the nitrogen fertilization. The highest nitrogen expense of 39.7 - 45.3 kg N.t-1 grain was established when sorghum received 300 kg N.ha-1 and it exceeded the control by 38.8 in 2017 and by 53.6% in 2018. Sorghum plants used 15.5 - 16.6 kg P2O5 an average to form 1 t of grain and nitrogen fertilization in rates N60-N300 slightly affected the phosphorus expense. Nitrogen fertilization proven increased the expense of potassium for production of 1 t of grain compared to N0 control plants. The increase was by 8.3 -20.0% in 2017 and by 8.0 - 34.0% in 2018. Sorghum plants expensed 23.2 - 24.2 kg K2O on average to form 1 t of grain at nitrogen rates N180-N300. The strong positive correlation was established between nitrogen fertilization with N uptake (0.966**) and N expense (0.997**) and K uptake (0.820*) and K expense (0.870*).

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