Leaf Pigment Concentration and its Relations to Yield in Fairway Crested Wheat Grass and Parkland Brome Grass
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The aim of ultrastructural investigation is to analyze cell architecture and relate a functional role(s) to cell components. It is known that aqueous chemical fixation requires seconds to minutes to penetrate and stabilize cell structure which may result in structural artifacts. The use of ultralow temperatures to fix and prepare specimens, however, leads to a much improved preservation of the cell’s living state. A critical limitation of conventional cryofixation methods (i.e., propane-jet freezing, cold-metal slamming, plunge-freezing) is that only a 10 to 40 μm thick surface layer of cells can be frozen without distorting ice crystal formation. This problem can be allayed by freezing samples under about 2100 bar of hydrostatic pressure which suppresses the formation of ice nuclei and their rate of growth. Thus, 0.6 mm thick samples with a total volume of 1 mm3 can be frozen without ice crystal damage. The purpose of this study is to describe the cellular details and identify potential artifacts in root tissue of barley (Hordeum vulgari L.) and leaf tissue of brome grass (Bromus mollis L.) fixed and prepared by high-pressure freezing (HPF) and freeze substitution (FS) techniques.

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Pasture species and cultivars used in New Zealand - a list

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1999.61.2328 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 147-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J.F.L. Charlton ◽

A.V. Stewart

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Red Clover ◽

Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽

Reference List ◽

Commercial Activity ◽

Animal Products ◽

Prairie Grass ◽

Brome Grass ◽

Industry Needs ◽

Herb Species

In recent years, the number of pasture species and cultivars commercially available to farmers in New Zealand has increased significantly. Reasons for this include increased commercial activity in the development and supply of proprietary cultivars, and more specialisation in New Zealand's pastoral agriculture. In particular, pasture cultivars are increasingly marketed as proprietary products with associated technical support. This year there are 109 certified cultivars available, belonging to 23 grass, legume and herb species. As a result, farmers are now able to develop improved pasture feed supply, but they are somewhat confused about pasture species and cultivars, and this frustrates their aims to produce high quality animal products from productive pastures. Accordingly, the herbage seeds industry needs to work from a clear reference list, to avoid any confusion when supplying farmers and overseas clients with their seed requirements. Our list of pasture species, types and cultivars available within New Zealand aims to be that reference. Keywords: birdsfoot trefoil, brome grass, caucasian clover, chicory, clover, cocksfoot, cultivars, herbs, lotus, lucerne, pasture, phalaris, plantain, prairie grass, red clover, ryegrass, seeds, species, strawberry clover, sub clover, tall fescue, timothy, types, white clover, Yorkshire fog

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Estimating Pigment Concentrations from Spectral Images Using an Encoder‐Decoder Neural Network

Journal of Imaging Science and Technology ◽

10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2020.64.3.030502 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 30502-1-30502-15

Author(s):

Kensuke Fukumoto ◽

Norimichi Tsumura ◽

Roy Berns

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Neural Networks ◽

Absorption Coefficient ◽

Spectral Data ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Pigment Concentration ◽

Scattering Coefficient ◽

A Value ◽

Input And Output ◽

Pigment Concentrations

Abstract A method is proposed to estimate the concentration of pigments mixed in a painting, using the encoder‐decoder model of neural networks. The model is trained to output a value that is the same as its input, and its middle output extracts a certain feature as compressed information about the input. In this instance, the input and output are spectral data of a painting. The model is trained with pigment concentration as the middle output. A dataset containing the scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient of each of 19 pigments was used. The Kubelka‐Munk theory was applied to the coefficients to obtain many patterns of synthetic spectral data, which were used for training. The proposed method was tested using spectral images of 33 paintings, which showed that the method estimates, with high accuracy, the concentrations that have a similar spectrum of the target pigments.

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