Producing Alfalfa and Red Clover Seed in Iowa 1

1949 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Wilsie
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Clover Seed

scholarly journals The Effects of Red Clover Seed Treatment with Cold Plasma and Electromagnetic Field on Germination and Seedling Growth Are Dependent on Seed Color

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4676
Author(s):  
Anatolii Ivankov ◽  
Rasa Zukiene ◽  
Zita Nauciene ◽  
Laima Degutyte-Fomins ◽  
Irina Filatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Clover Seed

This study aimed to estimate the effects of cold plasma (CP) and electromagnetic field (EMF) treatment of red clover (Trifolium pratense) seeds with different coat colors on germination kinetics, the content of seed phytohormones, and the growth of seedlings. Seeds of red clover cultivar ‘Arimaiciai’ were treated with radio-frequency EMF or capacitively coupled low-pressure CP for different durations. There were no differences in germination kinetics between yellow, brown, and dark purple seeds in control, but the germination rate of seeds treated with CP and EMF depended on seed color: The germination of yellow seeds was stimulated stronger compared to dark purple and brown seeds, and EMF did not stimulate germination in brown seeds. The content of phytohormones in control seeds and the shift in their amount induced by seed treatments were also strongly dependent on seed color. No relationship was found between the effect on germination kinetics and changes in phytohormone levels. In the control, seedlings growing from the yellow seeds were heavier, and the number of root nodules was 12.5 times larger compared to seedlings of dark purple seeds. Seed treatments with CP and EMF significantly increased the number of root nodules, and this effect was stronger in seedlings from dark purple seeds compared to those from yellow seeds.

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS ET DES STADES DE PRÉLÈVEMENT DE LA PREMIÈRE POUSSE SUR LA PRODUCTION DE SEMENCE DE TRÈFLE ROUGE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIUS BELZILE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultivar Group ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Clover Seed

For five years, the effect of cultivars and vegetative stage of cutting were measured on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production. The first group of cultivars included Hungaropoli, Ottawa and Lakeland harvested in 1981 and 1982. The second group included Arlington, Florex and Prosper I harvested in 1984, 1985 and 1987. The total annual seed yield differed within cultivars and the highest seed yield was obtained with Hungaropoly and Florex. In the first cultivar group, the tetraploid Hungaropoly obtained a kernel weight higher than the diploids Lakeland and Ottawa. In the second group of cultivars, all diploids, Arlington yielded the highest kernel weight. The percentage of seed germination of Hungaropoly was higher than Lakeland and Ottawa while for Florex it was slightly higher than Arlington and Prosper I. A prior vegetative cutting is essential for good seed yield. In the absence of vegetative cutting seed weight seemed improved. The stage of development at which vegetative cutting is done has little influence on percentage seed germination. These results have shown that despite the strong effect of climatic conditions on seed production, the choice of the optimum stage for vegetative cutting and a well adapted cultivar are important aspects in successful seed production.Key words: Red clover, seed production, cultivar, stage of cutting

scholarly journals Researches on the Main Characteristics of Red Clover Seedlings and their Influence in

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marioara GREBENIȘAN ◽  
Doru PAMFIL ◽  
Dorottya Alice DOMOKOS
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Binding Process ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Concerning the red clover breeding, it is essential to choose as genitors those varieties that possess good characteristics. In order to identify potential genitors, two red clover varieties were studied at Cluj-Napoca: Roxana, diploid variety and Napoca-tetra, tetraploid variety. The analyzed traits comprised the number of capitula/plant, number of seeds/capitulum and the binding process, under the aspect of their contribution to the seed crop and the interaction between those components, in order to provide important clues about di-and tetraploid red clover seed production, for plant breeding. The highest variability (s%=30) presented regarding the number of flowers/capitulum, diploid variety comparatively with a lower variability (s%=26) regarding the number of flowers number/capitulum, tetraploid varieties. Several traits were compared between di-and tetraploid red clover varieties in order to find genitors which can be used for creating new genotypes with high seed production level.

scholarly journals Thresher and separator for red clover seed samples /

1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Woodrow ◽  
Bernard Auman App ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Clover Seed

scholarly journals On the frost resistance of red clover with special attention to seed production

1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Arvi Valmari ◽  
Irja Valmari
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Clover Seed

The frost-resistance of Finnish red clover has been studied by means of experiments in a cold cabinet and on the basis of samples taken from the field. In the cold cabinet experiments the frost injury of the clover plant’s vegetative parts has reached considerable magnitude when the temperature was about 4° C. Also the unripe heads which did not die immediately could suffer so that the development of the seed stopped. Definitive death of the plants began to occur in the treatment at 5° C, though only when the soil was frozen. The plants recovered after treatment at 10° C if the soil was not frozen. In the field little frost injury of the vegetative parts occurred even with a frost of 6 to 7° C, but the unripe seeds suffered injury in that case. The germination percentage is distinctly dependent on the seed size in absence of frost. The stage of development at which more than 70 % of the corollae are light brown constituted an intermediate phase where the variation in germinative ability was great and covered, when the samples subjected to slight natural frost (–6.6° C) were taken into account, practically the entire per cent range (0—99 %). After the corollae of the heads had turned dark brown, at which time the seed had reached full weight, the seed suffered no injury from –6 to –7° C frost, and even more severe frosts could at the most cause a very slight lowering of germination percentage. Frost seems to injure the seed mainly by stopping the development of the unripe seeds. No lowering of germination from the level corresponding to the seed size has been observed in all cases nor was there any complete loss of germinative ability such as occurs with cereals. The commercial value of frost-injured red clover seed can be considerably increased by sorting. The number of hard seeds is highest in large, early harvested seed. Frost evidently causes »softening» of germinative seeds. The risk implied by frost is less in clover seed cultivation than in the cultivation of spring cereals and potatoes.

scholarly journals The Comparative Effects of the Micro- and Macrosporogenesis of the Red Clover with Different Levels of Ploidy, in Relation with its Fertility

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marioara GREBENISAN ◽  
Mircea SAVATTI
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Pollen Dispersion ◽  
Pollination Mechanisms ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Different Levels

. In this paper the di- and tetraploid red clover seedlings will be compared, under the aspects of micro and macrosporogenesys regarding his fertility. After a vast amount of research, the results obtained were that, often, the low seed yield in di- and tetraploid red clover is caused by fertility perturbance.One of the purpose of the experiments during the years 2004-2006, was to determine the low fertility effects and to offer important clues about di- and tetraploid red clover seed production. Red clover is a typical allogamous plant in which the autincompatibility system determined by the S alleles is very strong. The pollination is compulsorily done by honey and bumble bees, so the pollination mechanisms are being considerate as carrier of sexual differentiation, marked by microsporogenesys and macrosporogenesys, structural modification of flowers, pollen dispersion ecology and structural and physiological barriers as a reaction to fecundation process.

Phytotoxicity of Glyphosate to Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)and Red Clover(Trifolium pratense)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Segura ◽  
S. W. Bingham ◽  
C. L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Clover Seed

The phytotoxicity of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] on seeds (protected or non-protected with soil) and seedlings of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorumLam.) and red clover(Trifolium pratenseL.) was studied in the greenhouse. Percent germination of Italian ryegrass seeds covered with soil was significantly reduced with glyphosate applied at 4 kg/ha. The direct treatment over the seeds on the soil surface was more toxic, reducing the number of established seedlings at dosages of 3 and 4 kg/ha. In the two red clover seed treatments, germination was significantly reduced with 2 kg/ha of herbicide. Even though germination was reduced at intermediate rates of glyphosate, shoot growth and tillering were improved and yields of dry weight were equivalent to that of untreated plants. Postemergence applications of glyphosate were phytotoxic to both species with the effects becoming more pronounced at increasing dosages. However, at equal dosage, red clover was less susceptible than Italian ryegrass. The patterns of foliar absorption and translocation of14C from14C-glyphosate was similar in Italian ryegrass and red clover.14C was translocated throughout the plants and exhibited apoplastic and symplastic movement.

Cultivation practices improving seed productivity of tetraploid red clover

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. Новосёлов ◽  
Л. Дробышева ◽  
О. Старшинова ◽  
Э. Рекашус ◽  
А. Одноворова
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
Clover Seed

В статье изложены результаты исследований влияния инокуляции клубеньковыми бактериями и внекорневых обработок бором и минеральным азотом на семенную продуктивность клевера лугового сорта Марс. Цель работы определить оптимальные варианты внекорневой обработки растений бором и минеральным азотом, в том числе в сочетании с инокуляцией клубеньковыми бактериями, обеспечивающие максимальную семенную продуктивность клевера лугового сорта Марс. Установлено, что внекорневые подкормки минеральным азотом и бором в фазу начала цветения, а также инокуляция эффективным штаммом клубеньковых бактерий повышали его семенную продуктивность. Обработка растений бором повысила урожайность семян на 8,2. Совместное применение бора и инокуляции увеличило эффективность приёма до 20,0 к инокулированному и до 34,4 к неинокулированному контролю. Внекорневое опрыскивание аммиачной селитрой в чистом виде было эффективно в дозах 2,5 и 3,0 кг/га: прибавка к контролю составила соответственно 11,8 и 16,7. Комплексное применение бора и минерального азота наибольшую прибавку урожая семян дало в варианте B N3,0, которая составила 36,6. Инокуляция комплементарным штаммом Rh. trifolii увеличила урожайность семян клевера на 12,0. Обработка растений бором и аммиачной селитрой в различных концентрациях на фоне инокуляции была эффективной во всех вариантах (12,331,4 к инокулированному и 25,847,1 к неинокулированному контролю). Рекомендуется для повышения семенной продуктивности тетраплоидных сортов типа Марс проводить внекорневое опрыскивание растений в фазу начала цветения бором в дозе 0,4 кг/га в комплексе с аммиачной селитрой из расчёта 3,0 кг/га действующего вещества или инокулировать семена перед посевом комплементарными штаммами с последующей внекорневой подкормкой бором (0,4 кг/га) совместно с минеральным азотом (3,0 кг/га). This paper reports on red clover seed productivity affected by the inoculation with nodule bacteria and topdressing with B and mineral N. The aim was to determine optimal treatment rates and combinations leading to the highest seed productivity of clover Mars. Topdressing with B and N at flowering time combined with bacterium inoculation increased its yield capacity. B application improved seed yield by 8.2. B treatment together with inoculation improved clover performance by up to 20.0 and 34.4 compared to the inoculated and non-inoculated controls, respectively. Application rates of 2.5 and 3.0 kg ha-1 showed the best effect when topdressing by pure ammonium nitrate: yield increase amounted to 11.8 and 16.7, respectively. Variant B N3.0 provided the highest yield increase of 36.6. Seed inoculation with Rh. trifolii increased seed productivity by 12.0. Topdressing with different concentrations of B and ammonium nitrate was effective in all the variants on the background of bacterium inoculation (12.331.4 and 25.847.1 compared to inoculated and non-inoculated controls, respectively). Spraying with B (0.4 kg ha-1) and ammonium nitrate (3.0 kg ha-1) with or without seed inoculation by nodule bacteria are recommended to improve tetraploid clover performance.

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