Nitrogen and Dry Matter in Five Spring Wheat Varieties at Successive Stages of Development 1

1966 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. McNeal ◽  
M. A. Berg ◽  
C. A. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Nitrogen in Plant Parts of Seven Spring Wheat Varieties at Successive Stages of Development 1

Crop Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. McNeal ◽  
G. O. Boatwright ◽  
M. A. Berg ◽  
C. A. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Plant Parts

scholarly journals Influence of irrigation and placement of nitrogen fertilizers on the uptake of nitrogen by spring wheat

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila ◽  
Paavo Elonen
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of irrigation and fertilizer placement on the accumulation of nitrogen in the aerial parts of spring wheat was studied in the relatively dry summer 1969, on the basis of plant samples collected at various stages of development from a field trial on silty clay soil. In addition to 16 kg/ha of nitrogen in the basal dressing, 120 kg/ha of nitrogen was applied as ammonium nitrate limestone, as urea, or as Ureaform, either on the surface, or in rows at the depth of 8 cm. 60 mm of water was applied by sprinkler irrigation, one half about three, and the other half about four weeks after sprouting. Under the conditions of this trial, spring wheat only slightly responded to Ureaform. No significant difference in the effect of urea and ammonium nitrate limestone could be detected. Placement of these two fertilizers tended to increase both the amount of dry matter and its content of nitrogen; these effects were more significant without irrigation. Though irrigation, usually, markedly increased the total amount of nitrogen in the aerial parts of the plants, this was in the later stages of development due only to higher yields of dry matter, since in July the positive effect of irrigation on the percentage of nitrogen in plant dry matter changed to a negative effect. In the grain yields the apparent recovery of nitrogen in urea or ammonium nitrate limestone was estimated to be only about 30 per cent of the 120 kg N/ha applied as surface dressing. Irrigation increased this recovery to 54 per cent, placement of the fertilizer to 42 per cent, and both placement and irrigation resulted in an apparent recovery of 61 per cent. On the basis of plant samples collected two days before harvest, the apparent recovery of nitrogen in urea or ammonium nitrate limestone by the aerial parts of wheat was estimated to be, on the average, 36 per cent from the surface-dressing, and 60 per cent when the fertilizers were placed. Irrigation increased the apparent recovery in the first case to 76 per cent and in the latter case to 96 per cent. Thus, in the field experiment the uptake of fertilizer nitrogen by spring wheat was markedly increased by irrigation and to a lesser extent by fertilizer placement. Both treatments together are recommended.

scholarly journals Differences between organically grown varieties of spring wheat, in response to weed competition and yield

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Jończyk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Organically Grown ◽  
Organically Managed

AbstractWhen growing wheat, one of the non-chemical methods of weed regulation is to choose wheat varieties which have a high ability to compete with weeds. The first aim of the research was the estimation of the relationships between the morphological features and canopy parameters of six spring wheat varieties. The second aim was the estimation of the varieties’ competitive ability against weeds. The third aim was the estimation of the grain yield of the six varieties. The experiment was carried out in the 2011–2013 time period, on fields which had been organically managed since 1994. Different features affected the weed infestation levels of the spring wheat varieties. For Bombona, negative correlations between the number of weeds and the height, dry matter of wheat, and wheat density, were proved. For Brawura, Hewilla, and Żura, the height, number of tillers, and dry matter of wheat were the main factors influencing weed abundance. A strong negative correlation between the number of weeds and the dry matter of wheat was found for Parabola. Cluster analysis indicated that Bombona and Brawura were the most competitive against weeds, while Monsun and Parabola were characterized as being the least competitive against weeds. Weed number significantly affected the grain yield of spring wheat (r= −0.418). The grain yield was positively correlated with the number of tillers (r= 0.459) and ears (r= 0.355), and the height (r= 0.534) and wheat dry matter (r= 0.411). Bombona and Brawura were the lowest yielding varieties (3.03 and 3.20 t · ha−1, respectively), whereas the highest yield was achieved by Żura (3.82 t · ha−1, on average).

Yield Component and Dry Matter Accumulation in Wheat Varieties with 9000 kg ha-1Yield Potential in Sichuan Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Lu TANG ◽  
Chao-Su LI ◽  
Chun WU ◽  
Xiao-Li WU ◽  
Gang HUANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals Mapping Wheat Dry Matter and Nitrogen Content Dynamics and Estimation of Wheat Yield Using UAV Multispectral Imagery Machine Learning and a Variety-Based Approach: Case Study of Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
Ghizlane Astaoui ◽  
Jamal Eddine Dadaiss ◽  
Imane Sebari ◽  
Samir Benmansour ◽  
Ettarid Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Multispectral Imagery ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Our work aims to monitor wheat crop using a variety-based approach by taking into consideration four different phenological stages of wheat crop development. In addition to highlighting the contribution of Red-Edge vegetation indices in mapping wheat dry matter and nitrogen content dynamics, as well as using Random Forest regressor in the estimation of wheat yield, dry matter and nitrogen uptake relying on UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) multispectral imagery. The study was conducted on an experimental platform with 12 wheat varieties located in Sidi Slimane (Morocco). Several flight missions were conducted using eBee UAV with MultiSpec4C camera according to phenological growth stages of wheat. The proposed methodology is subdivided into two approaches, the first aims to find the most suitable vegetation index for wheat’s biophysical parameters estimation and the second to establish a global model regardless of the varieties to estimate the biophysical parameters of wheat: Dry matter and nitrogen uptake. The two approaches were conducted according to six main steps: (1) UAV flight missions and in-situ data acquisition during four phenological stages of wheat development, (2) Processing of UAV multispectral images which enabled us to elaborate the vegetation indices maps (RTVI, MTVI2, NDVI, NDRE, GNDVI, GNDRE, SR-RE et SR-NIR), (3) Automatic extraction of plots by Object-based image analysis approach and creating a spatial database combining the spectral information and wheat’s biophysical parameters, (4) Monitoring wheat growth by generating dry biomass and wheat’s nitrogen uptake model using exponential, polynomial and linear regression for each variety this step resumes the varietal approach, (5) Engendering a global model employing both linear regression and Random Forest technique, (6) Wheat yield estimation. The proposed method has allowed to predict from 1 up to 21% difference between actual and estimated yield when using both RTVI index and Random Forest technique as well as mapping wheat’s dry biomass and nitrogen uptake along with the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) and therefore facilitate a careful monitoring of the health and the growth of wheat crop. Nevertheless, some wheat varieties have shown a significant difference in yield between 2.6 and 3.3 t/ha.

EFFECTS OF INCREMENTAL N FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SIX SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. GEHL ◽  
L. D. BAILEY ◽  
C. A. GRANT ◽  
J. M. SADLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

A 3-yr study was conducted on three Orthic Black Chernozemic soils to determine the effects of incremental N fertilization on grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Urea (46–0–0) was sidebanded at seeding in 40 kg N ha−1 increments from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 0 to 200 kg ha−1 in the 2 subsequent years. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of all cultivars in each experiment. The predominant factor affecting the N response and harvest index of each cultivar was available moisture. At two of the three sites, 91% of the interexperiment variability in mean maximum grain yield was explained by variation in root zone moisture at seeding. Mean maximum total dry matter varied by less than 12% among cultivars, but mean maximum grain yield varied by more than 30%. Three semidwarf cultivars, HY 320, Marshall and Solar, had consistently higher grain yield and grain yield response to N than Glenlea and Katepwa, two standard height cultivars, and Len, a semidwarf. The mean maximum grain yield of HY 320 was the highest of the cultivars on test and those of Katepwa and Len the lowest. Len produced the least straw and total dry matter. The level of N fertilization at maximum grain yield varied among cultivars, sites and years. Marshall and Solar required the highest and Len the lowest N rates to achieve maximum grain yield. The year-to-year variation in rates of N fertilization needed to produce maximum grain yield on a specific soil type revealed the limitations of N fertility recommendations based on "average" amounts and temporal distribution of available moisture.Key words: Wheat (spring), N response, standard height, semidwarf, grain yield

scholarly journals The effectiveness of weed regulation methods in spring wheat cultivated in integrated, conventional and organic crop production systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Weed Communities

Abstract The research was conducted from 2008 to 2010, and compared the influence of different weed control methods used in spring wheat on the structure of the weed communities and the crop yield. The study was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute in Osiny as part of a long-term trial where these crop production systems had been compared since 1994. In the conventional and integrated systems, spring wheat was grown in a pure stand, whereas in the organic system, the wheat was grown with undersown clover and grasses. In the conventional system, herbicides were applied two times in a growing season, but in the integrated system - only once. The effectiveness of weed management was lower in the organic system than in other systems, but the dry matter of weeds did not exceed 60 g/m2. In the integrated system, the average dry matter of weeds in spring wheat was 4 times lower, and in the conventional system 10 times lower than in the organic system. Weed diversity was the largest in spring wheat cultivated in the organic system. In the conventional and integrated systems, compensation of some weed species was observed (Viola arvensis, Fallopia convolvulus, Equisetum arvense). The comparison of weed communities using Sorenson’s indices revealed more of a similarity between systems in terms of number of weed species than in the number of individuals. Such results imply that qualitative changes are slower than quantitative ones. The yield of grain was the biggest in the integrated system (5.5 t/ha of average). It was 35% higher than in the organic system, and 20% higher than in conventional ones.

Properties of hymatomelanic acid peat and its influence on the growth processes of spring wheat varieties Iren

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Smirnova ◽  
◽  
O.V. Rybachuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Hymatomelanic Acid

In this paper, we consider two ways for obtaining hymatomelanic acid extraction into conventional Soxhlet extractions: directly from the peat and from the dry product of humic acid. The results of the study of the elemental composition of humic and hymatomelanic acids are presented, their similarities and differences are analyzed. In order to study the effect of humic and hymatomelanic acid preparations on the growth processes of spring wheat, a vegetation experiment was conducted. Peculiarities of biological action of the solutions and hymatomelanic and humic acids of different concentrations in spring wheat varieties “IREN” were investigated. The paper presents a method for determining the ash content of the studied peat, as well as, calculations of the economic feasibility of using preparations based on the hymatomelanic acids.

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