Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Sources for Rice 1

1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Westcott ◽  
D. S. Mikkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources

scholarly journals Medium Optimization for Spore Production of a Straw-Cellulose Degrading Actinomyces Strain under Solid-State Fermentation Using Response Surface Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8893
Author(s):  
Huanran Liu ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Chuanzhi Zhou ◽  
Pei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Steepest Ascent ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Plackett Burman Design ◽  
Central Composite

The strains capable of degrading cellulose have attracted much interest because of their applications in straw resource utilization in solid-state fermentation (SSF). However, achieving high spore production in SSF is rarely reported. The production of spores from Streptomyces griseorubens JSD-1 was investigated in shaker-flask cultivation in this study. The optimal carbon, organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen sources were sucrose, yeast extract and urea, respectively. Plackett–Burman design (PBD) was adopted to determine the key medium components, and the concentration levels of three components (urea, NaCl, MgSO4·7H2O) were optimized with the steepest ascent path and central composite design (CCD), achieving 1.72 × 109 CFU/g of spore production. Under the optimal conditions (urea 2.718% w/v, NaCl 0.0697% w/v, MgSO4·7H2O 0.06956% w/v), the practical value of spore production was 1.69 × 109 CFU/g. The determination coefficient (R2) was 0.9498, which ensures an adequate credibility of the model.

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN SOURCES AND ORGANIC MATTER ON NITROGEN FIXATION AND YIELD OF SOYBEANS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. JOHNSON ◽  
D. J. HUME
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Available N ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Ground Corn

The effects of two sources of nitrogen and ground corn cobs, applied either alone or in combination, on nitrogen fixation and seed yield of Glycine max (L.) Merr. cult Altona were investigated in an area where control plants fixed only 7.5 kg N2/ha. Treatments were: N, 280 kg N/ha as NH4NO3; organic matter (O.M.), 14 T (dry wt)/ha of ground corn cobs as an organic matter source; N + O.M.; M1; 88 T/ha of liquid cattle manure; M1 + O.M.; M2, 176 T/ha of liquid cattle manure; M2 + O.M.; and C, control. Treatment effects on nitrogen fixation, measured as acetylene reduction rates, and seed yield were related to the levels of available N supplied to the plants. Nitrogen fixation was progressively increased by treatments M1, M2 + O.M., M1 + O.M., and O.M., with the latter two fixing seven times as much nitrogen as the control. Final seed yield, however, was increased by treatments supplying the highest levels of inorganic nitrogen to plants, with N and N + O.M. producing higher yields than the control plots.

THE ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METHANOMONAS METHANOOXIDANS BROWN AND STRAWINSKI

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Brown ◽  
R. J. Strawinski ◽  
C. S. McCleskey
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Trapping Agent

Procedures for the isolation and characterization of Metkanomonas methanooxidans Brown and Strawinski are described. Isolates from varied sources are alike in cellular morphology, inasmuch as they form only microcolonies, and in their dependence on methane or methanol as carbon and energy sources for growth. Both organic and inorganic nitrogen sources are used. The organism is a Gram negative non-sporeforming rod, 1.5 to 3.0 μ by 1.0 μ in size, and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. In growing cultures the oxygen/methane ratio was approximately 1.1 and in resting cells 1.7. The R.Q. for methane with resting cells was 0.43. Resting cells were unable to oxidize organic compounds other than methane, methanol, formaldehyde, and formate. Formic acid was detected in test solutions after cell suspensions had metabolized methane, methanol, and formaldehyde. Using sodium sulphite as trapping agent for formaldehyde, it was found that 60 to 70% of the methane or methanol consumed was converted to formaldehyde. In the presence of iodoacetate, 70% of the methane consumed was present terminally as methanol. Thus it was shown that methanol, formaldehyde, and formic acid are sequential intermediates in the oxidation of methane by these organisms.

Differential tolerance to manganese in introduced and bred lines of Macroptilium atropurpureum

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Hutton ◽  
WT Williams ◽  
CS Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Manganese Tolerance ◽  
Growth Evaluation ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

A number of lines of Macroptilium atropurpureum, including cv. Siratro, were grown in two experiments at different manganese levels in sand culture. In one experiment 40 ppm manganese was used in conjunction with nitrogen either in inorganic form or as Rhizobium; in the other, two levels of excess manganese (30 and 45 ppm) were used with rhizobial nitrogen at a lower pH. Dry matter yields for tops, roots and nodules were recorded, and the plant material analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and manganese. Dry matter yields of tops were reduced, and the ratio of root to total dry matter yield increased, by both Rhizobium and excess manganese. Tops, but not roots or nodules, showed considerable differences in manganese tolerance between lines. Excess manganese caused small but significant changes in concentrations of other minerals. Regressions of rhizobial on inorganic nitrogen showed that at the levels used excess manganese does not impair rhizobial efficiency. Numerical analyses suggested that manganese tolerance operates at three levels; more vigorous lines usually remain so in the presence of manganese, some lines appear to be able to resist the uptake of excess manganese, and for any given level of manganese concentration within the plant, some lines appear more sensitive than others. The results show that growth evaluation studies can be carried out equally well with rhizobial or inorganic nitrogen sources, and they suggest that it should be possible to improve the tolerance of M. atropurpureum lines by selection and/or breeding.

Nitrogen nutrition and regulation of cephalosporin production in Streptomyces clavuligerus

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Aharonowitz ◽  
Arnold L. Demain
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Streptomyces Clavuligerus ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Repressive Effect

When used as sole nitrogen source, certain amino acids (e.g., proline, asparagine) supported both growth and sporulation by Streptomyces clavuligerus streaked onto solid defined medium. Ammonium supported growth but suppressed sporulation. Amino nitrogen was best for cephalosporin production in liquid defined medium, although urea was almost as useful. A comparison of amino acids showed asparagine and glutamine to be the best nitrogen sources and arginine to be almost as good. Ammonium salts supported a somewhat lower growth rate than asparagine, but antibiotic production was very poor on these inorganic nitrogen sources. Addition of ammonium to asparagine did not affect growth rate but increased mycelial mass; cephalosporin production was reduced by about 75%. Antibiotic production was more closely associated with growth in the absence of ammonium than in its presence, indicating a strong inhibitory and (or) repressive effect of NH4+ on antibiotic production. Ammonium exerted its negative effect when added at 24 h or earlier, i.e. before antibiotic formation began.

COMPARATIVE RESPONSE OF TWO SAPROPHYTIC AND TWO PLANT PARASITIC SOIL FUNGI TO TEMPERATURE, HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION, AND NUTRITIONAL FACTORS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. B. Ward ◽  
A. W. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Ph Values

The behavior of two soil saprophytes, Trichoderma viride and Trichocladium asperum, and two root-infecting fungi, Ophiobolus graminis and Fomes annosus, was compared under various conditions in laboratory culture.On an agar-solidified organic medium optimum temperatures for growth were approximately: T. viride 25–30 °C, T. asperum 20–25 °C, O. graminis 20–25 °C, F. annosus 25 °C. T. viride rapidly outgrew the other fungi in the optimum range but this relationship changed at lower temperatures, its growth rate being equalled by that of O. graminis at 10 °C. T. viride was the only fungus to grow at 35 °C. In a synthetic liquid medium adjusted to pH values from 3.0–7.0 with a citrate–phosphate buffer, growth of O. graminis and F. annosus was sharply reduced at pH values below 5.0. T. viride made good growth at pH 3.1 and reduction in growth of T. asperum occurred only below pH 4.0. Both parasites required thiamine for growth in a synthetic medium and O. graminis also required biotin; in addition they showed a preference for organic as opposed to inorganic nitrogen sources. T. viride and T. asperum grew well with KNO3 as nitrogen source and neither required vitamins. D-Glucose, D-fructose, and D-mannose were readily utilized, and D-arabinose poorly utilized, by all four fungi. Utilization of other hexoses, pentoses, disaccharides, and polysaccharides varied considerably between the fungi.The relationship of the results obtained to the observations of others on the ecology of soil fungi is discussed and the possibility that combinations of physical and nutritional factors may favor specific fungi in the soil is considered.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of a Newly IsolatedBacillus subtilisBI19 and Optimization of Production Conditions for Enhanced Production of Extracellular Amylase

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biplab Kumar Dash ◽  
M. Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Palash Kumar Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Shake Flask Culture ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Extracellular Amylase ◽  
Production Conditions

A study was carried out with a newly isolated bacterial strain yielding extracellular amylase. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rDNA gene sequences revealed this strain as clustered with the closest members ofBacillussp. and identified asBacillus subtilisBI19. The effect of various fermentation conditions on amylase production through shake-flask culture was investigated. Rice flour (1.25%) as a cheap natural carbon source was found to induce amylase production mostly. A combination of peptone and tryptone as organic and ammonium sulfate as inorganic nitrogen sources gave highest yield. Maximum production was obtained after 24 h of incubation at 37°C with an initial medium pH 8.0. Addition of surfactants like Tween 80 (0.25 g/L) and sodium lauryl sulfate (0.2 g/L) resulted in 28% and 15% increase in enzyme production, respectively. Amylase production was 3.06 times higher when optimized production conditions were used. Optimum reaction temperature and pH for crude amylase activity were 50°C and 6.0, respectively. The crude enzyme showed activity and stability over a fair range of temperature and pH. These results suggest thatB. subtilisBI19 could be exploited for production of amylase at relatively low cost and time.

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