Die‐off of Fecal Indicator Organisms Following Land Application of Poultry Manure

Fifteen stations, in two estuaries, along the Northumberland Strait of Nova Scotia were examined between June and September 1981 for a relationship between the concentrations of commonly monitored fecal indicator bacteria and the potential pathogens Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Increased densities of these three organisms were usually associated with high densities of indicator bacteria. Whereas C. albicans and P. aeruginosa occur in human fecal wastes, V. parahaemolyticus is indigenous to the marine environment and positively responds to elevated nutrient levels in sewage. There is also some evidence that these bacteria survive as long or longer in marine waters than the common indicator bacteria. While membrane-filtration techniques for the enumeration of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa proved satisfactory, a V. parahaemolyticus membrane-filtration method lacked specificity and was supplemented by a most-probable-number method. In marine recreational and shellfish waters, these three organisms could complement fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci as indicators of human fecal contamination.

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Thermotolerant Coliforms Are Not a Good Surrogate for Campylobacter spp. in Environmental Water

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00486-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 75 (21) ◽

pp. 6736-6744 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Karen St-Pierre ◽

Simon Lévesque ◽

Eric Frost ◽

Nathalie Carrier ◽

Robert D. Arbeit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Water ◽

Indicator Organisms ◽

Fecal Indicator ◽

E Coli ◽

Microbial Monitoring ◽

Environmental Surface ◽

Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽

Eastern Townships ◽

Campylobacter Spp

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the importance of quantitatively detecting Campylobacter spp. in environmental surface water. The prevalence and the quantity of Campylobacter spp., thermotolerant coliforms, and Escherichia coli in 2,471 samples collected weekly, over a 2-year period, from 13 rivers and 12 streams in the Eastern Townships, Québec, Canada, were determined. Overall, 1,071 (43%), 1,481 (60%), and 1,463 (59%) samples were positive for Campylobacter spp., thermotolerant coliforms, and E. coli, respectively. There were weak correlations between the weekly distributions of Campylobacter spp. and thermotolerant coliforms (Spearman's ρ coefficient = 0.27; P = 0.008) and between the quantitative levels of the two classes of organisms (Kendall tau-b correlation coefficient = 0.233; P < 0.0001). Well water samples from the Eastern Townships were also tested. Five (10%) of 53 samples from private surface wells were positive for Campylobacter jejuni, of which only 2 were positive for thermotolerant coliforms. These findings suggest that microbial monitoring of raw water by using only fecal indicator organisms is not sufficient for assessing the occurrence or the load of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. Insights into the role of environmental water as sources for sporadic Campylobacter infection will require genus-specific monitoring techniques.

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Short-Term Chemical Transformations Following Land Application of Poultry Manure

Transactions of the ASAE ◽

10.13031/2013.34261 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 0382-0390 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. R. Crane ◽

P. W. Westerman ◽

M. R. Overcash

Keyword(s):

Poultry Manure ◽

Land Application ◽

Chemical Transformations ◽

Short Term

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Prevalence and seasonal dynamics of blaCTX-M antibiotic resistance genes and fecal indicator organisms in the lower Lahn River, Germany

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0232289 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. e0232289

Author(s):

Ilona Herrig ◽

Susanne Fleischmann ◽

Julia Regnery ◽

Jessica Wesp ◽

Georg Reifferscheid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Seasonal Dynamics ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Indicator Organisms ◽

Fecal Indicator

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Contaminants Leaching from Fresh Poultry Waste: A Lysimeter Study on Sandy Soils under Tropical Conditions

Environment and Pollution ◽

10.5539/ep.v6n1p38 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Peter Aderemi Adeoye ◽

Hasfalina Che Man ◽

Mohd. Soom Amin Soom ◽

Ahmad Mohamed Thamer ◽

Akinbile Christopher Oluwakunmi

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Land Application ◽

Soil Core ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Arsenic Copper

A lysimeter study was conducted on sandy soil of Minna, North central Nigeria to assess the migration of nitrates, phosphates, bacteriological parameters and heavy metals contents of poultry manure through Minna soil. This is with a view to examining the environmental effect of indiscriminate land application of excessive poultry manure on shallow groundwater quality. A lysimeter and rainfall simulator assembly was installed on an undisturbed 0.9m diameter, 3m depth soil core after which 50kg of characterized poultry manure was applied at the top. Rainfall of 125mm was simulated and water samples were collected at different depths of the soil core through the lysimeter and were taken to laboratory for analysis. Results showed that nitrate and phosphate in poultry manure were able to leach to a depth of 2.5m of the soil core four months after poultry manure application while turbidity and electrical conductivity reached their maximum value at depth 2.5m after three months. Faecal coliform, total coliform and faecal streptococci were detected at depth 2.5m also two months after the application. Statistical analysis using New Duncan Multiple Range test showed significant variation (p<0.05) of all the parameters tested with depth of sample collection and months after application of poultry manure. Spearman’s correlation coefficient established both positive and negative correlation between the parameters studied in this research. Heavy metals tested, Arsenic, copper, zinc, chromium and manganese were not able to leach beyond 0.5m depth of the soil core throughout the experimental period.

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Bacteriophages as Fecal Indicator Organisms

Viruses in Foods ◽

10.1007/0-387-29251-9_8 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 205-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Suresh D. Pillai

Keyword(s):

Indicator Organisms ◽

Fecal Indicator

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Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli Survival in Estuarine Bank Sediments

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15112597 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 2597 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mahbubul Siddiqee ◽

Rebekah Henry ◽

Rebecca Coulthard ◽

Christelle Schang ◽

Richard Williamson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Estuarine Sediments ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Indicator Organisms ◽

Fecal Indicator ◽

E Coli ◽

Serovar Typhimurium

Estuarine bank sediments have the potential to support the survival and growth of fecal indicator organisms, including Escherichia coli. However, survival of fecal pathogens in estuarine sediments is not well researched and therefore remains a significant knowledge gap regarding public health risks in estuaries. In this study, simultaneous survival of Escherichia coli and a fecal pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, was studied for 21 days in estuarine bank sediment microcosms. Observed growth patterns for both organisms were comparable under four simulated scenarios; for continuous-desiccation, extended-desiccation, periodic-inundation, and continuous-inundation systems, logarithmic decay coefficients were 1.54/day, 1.51/day, 0.14/day, and 0.20/day, respectively, for E. coli, and 1.72/day, 1.64/day, 0.21/day, and 0.24/day for S. Typhimurium. Re-wetting of continuous-desiccated systems resulted in potential re-growth, suggesting survival under moisture-limited conditions. Key findings from this study include: (i) Bank sediments can potentially support human pathogens (S. Typhimurium), (ii) inundation levels influence the survival of fecal bacteria in estuarine bank sediments, and (iii) comparable survival rates of S. Typhimurium and E. coli implies the latter could be a reliable fecal indicator in urban estuaries. The results from this study will help select suitable monitoring and management strategies for safer recreational activities in urban estuaries.

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