Human Capital as a Vehicle for Africa’s Economic Transformation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Baah-Boateng
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Transformation

Human capital management in modern conditions: norms, law, and innovative methods to the level of competence of labor resources

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Elena Stepanovna Ustinovich
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Human Capital Management ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The relevance of addressing the problem of a comprehensive study of human capital in the context of economic transformation is caused by the need to develop innovative forms and methods of its use.

Analisis Penentu Perbezaan Upah Mengikut Kemahiran Di Malaysia

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Azma Wail ◽  
Rahmah Ismail ◽  
Ishak Yussof
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Wage Ratio ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
And Training ◽  
Discriminatory Practice

Di Malaysia, permintaan terhadap kemahiran buruh telah mengalami perubahan kesan daripada perubahan struktur ekonomi. Kesan selanjutnya, berlaku perubahan dalam nisbah upah antara kemahiran yang memihak kepada buruh yang lebih mahir. Terdapat banyak faktor yang menentukan tingkat upah pekerja seperti modal manusia khususnya pencapaian pendidikan, pengalaman dan latihan, faktor demografi dan sektor pekerjaan. Walau bagaimanapun, setelah mengambil kira semua perbezaan dalam pemboleh ubah yang berkaitan dengan produktiviti ini, perbezaan upah mengikut jenis pekerjaan atau kemahiran masih berlaku yang boleh disebabkan oleh perlakuan diskriminasi majikan. Kertas ini bertujuan mengenal pasti penentu perbezaan upah mengikut kemahiran di Malaysia. Analisis berdasarkan kepada data 2,216 ketua isi rumah yang dikutip pada tahun 2007/2008, hasil kajian ini menunjukkan pemboleh ubah modal manusia memainkan peranan utama dalam menentukan tingkat dan perbezaan upah mengikut kemahiran. Selanjutnya, hasil kajian juga menunjukkan 64.25 peratus daripada perbezaan upah pekerja mahir dengan pekerja separuh mahir dapat diterangkan oleh pemboleh ubah dalam model upah dan 35.75 peratus tidak dapat diterangkan. Bahagian yang tidak dapat diterangkan ini termasuklah amalan diskriminasi oleh majikan terhadap pekerja mereka. Bagi perbezaan upah antara pekerja mahir dengan tidak mahir pula, sebanyak 77.20 peratus dapat diterangkan dan 22.80 peratus tidak dapat diterangkan. Kata kunci: Perbezaan upah; diskriminasi; pekerja mahir; pekerja separa mahir; pekerja tidak mahir In Malaysia, demand for skills has been changing dramatically as a result of economic transformation. This subsequently resulted in changes in wage ratio between skills, which is more favourable towards skilled workers. However, it has been argued that wage rate does not merely depend on the demand for labour, but there are other factors that can influence workers’ wages. These include human capital variables like educational attainment, experience and training; demographic factors and job sectors. Even after taking into account the variations in these productivity-related variables, occupational wage differentials may still prevail as a result of employers' discriminatory practice. This paper attempts to measure wage differentials determinants by skills in Malaysia. The analysis is based on 2,216 heads of households data collected in 2007/2008. The result revealed that human capital variables play a major role in determining the level of wage and its differentials between skills. Moreover, the result demonstrates that 64.25 percent of skilled-semi skilled wage differentials are explained by the incorporated variables in the wage model, whereas 35.75 percent are unexplained. This unexplained portion includes the employers’ discriminatory practice against their workers. For the skilled-unskilled wage differentials 77.2 percent are explained and 22.8 percent are unexplained. Key words: Wage differentials; discrimination; skilled workers; semi-skilled workers; unskilled workers

scholarly journals FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LOSS HUMAN CAPITAL AND COMBATING THIS CHALLENGE OF UKRAINIAN HIGHER EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (39) ◽  
pp. 559-569
Author(s):  
D. Svyrydenko ◽  
N. Hots ◽  
I. Kovtun ◽  
L. Panchenko ◽  
R. Semeniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Qualified Personnel

Abstract. The loss of human capital is a significant projected loss for the country's economy. Higher education must analyze the challenges, maintain the quality of human capital at the level necessary for the functioning of the economy, and train professionals in a permanent crisis. The multi-vector nature of the crisis leads to a negative multiplier effect of the influence of external and internal factors on the level of human capital of the country in all institutional categories, so these challenges are emerging given their systemic nature. This primarily applies to the institute of higher education. The formation of a relevant response to the challenges of loss of human capital is not only a guarantee of the proper functioning of higher education, but also guarantees the success of its functioning for economic transformation in the country. The analytical study revealed economic losses from external migration of highly qualified personnel, reduction of the country's economic potential from the outflow of specialists. The narrowing of the base of high-quality reproduction of qualified personnel, the factor of disproportion in the financing of higher education and the reproduction of highly qualified personnel from budgetary sources and the growth of the share of self-financing were revealed. The analysis proved the inconsistency of the quality of the staff to the number of employees of higher education in the regions and the disproportion of the teaching staff with academic ranks. A study of the number of graduate students indicates that the disparity in quality will increase as there is a tendency to lose scientific schools in the regions. Weaknesses of higher education have been identified. To reduce the negative impact of this factor on the quality of human capital and, indirectly, on the country's economy, there is the urgent need to optimize public funding of human capital; to create regional funds for financing higher education, formascientific schools in the regions to eliminate regional disparities in training. Proposals for a policy of investing in human capital at all qualification levels have been developed, taking into account the effectiveness of such investments and also to stabilize the socio-economic situation in the country. The directions of forming the answer of higher school to the challenges of the economic crisis of the country are offered. Keywords: higher education, human capital, economic losses, integrated indicators, analytical research. JEL Classification I25, J24, J62, J82 Formulas: 0; fig.: 6; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 20.

scholarly journals Benefits and drivers of inclusive human capital development

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3B) ◽  
pp. 337-355
Author(s):  
Irina Vyacheslavovna Kosorukova ◽  
Olesya Gennadievna Kukharenko ◽  
Viktor Dmitrievich Orekhov ◽  
Helena Piel ◽  
Anzor Khasanbievich Karanashev
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

The paper aims to analyze the benefits and drivers of economic transformation through the development of human capital using inclusive principles. The study is a continuation of a series of works on modeling the system of labor activity using the factors of knowledge, education, and human capital.  The research methodology includes both quantitative studies of the impact of knowledge and education on economic dynamics, and qualitative studies of the benefits and forces that promote and counteract fruitful inclusive changes. According to the analysis of the field of forces, the factors that counteract inclusive socio-economic changes (educational differentiation, the desire to have wealth and power) have, in general, high strength. The forces that contribute to change are relatively less powerful, but more numerous, which allows counting on the successful implementation of positive inclusive changes.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SOCIALIZATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN GLOBAL COMPETITION CONDITIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
Myroslava Bublyk ◽  
Alyona Shakhno
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Capital Development

The article deals with the issues of socialization of human capital development. The emphasis is placed on the fact that modern globalization puts forward new demands on the person from the point of view of its educational level, acquired competences, mobility, since the "human factor" is a key element of a new model of post-industrial development. Accents are shifted from "economic rights" to "social rights". In the conditions of globalization of national economies, the key factor in the economic growth of any country is the formation of a highly developed and competitive human capital. Unlike other types of resources, human creative abilities are the core of the innovative potential of the individual and are inexhaustible in nature. The problem under investigation is particularly popular for Ukraine in view of the current geopolitical and socio-economic transformation. In the article the modern specificity of development of human capital in the conditions of economic socialization and under the influence of global tendencies is considered. The main quantitative indicators of human capital development, changes in the structure of employment, the level of state support of the educational sphere and scientific researches are analyzed, and their trend models are constructed. The place of Ukraine according to the indicator of human development index among other countries of the world is determined. The SWOT analysis of the educational system of Ukraine is provided, which gives an opportunity to assess the existing situation and the prospects for its improvement. The mechanism of the influence of socialization on the formation of qualitative human capital is formed and graphically reflected. The basic problems of reproduction of human capital are determined and a set of measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of its use and development is proposed, among which: development of an innovative model of the state policy of development of human capital; involvement of the private sector in the process of investing in human development; optimization of the mechanism of distribution of public funds allocated to education; increasing the accessibility and adaptation of educational services in accordance with market requirements; the inclusion in international programs of quality assessment and competitiveness of human capital, etc.

DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF INVESTMENTS IN UKRAINE: A “DIVERGENCE TRAP” OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL FUTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Tamara PANFILOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Future Production

The globalized economy is entering a difficult period of technological transformation in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Studies of leading international organizations (UNIDO, UNCTAD, WEF) on the conceptual directions of technological change and the readiness of different countries around the world for future changes have shown their significant stratification. The main drivers of future production are: “technology and innovation,” “human capital,” “global trade,” “investment,” “institutional environment” and “financial resources.” Ukraine has been identified as an “immature” country, i.e. one that is not ready for future technological changes and needs increased attention to the transformation of the institutional environment, technology and innovation, access to finance, industrial structure, and so on. The “immaturity” of the Ukrainian economy is due to the crisis of investment activity in 2010-2021, when the share of capital investment in GDP averaged only 15.5%. The structure of foreign and capital investments by type of industrial activity is dominated by investments in low-tech industries. The share of foreign and capital investment in education and health care does not exceed 1–1.5% of the total, which in the medium term may reduce the quality of human capital. Given the outlined trends in the medium term in Ukraine there is a high probability of forming a “divergence trap” of technological development with global trends in the formation of the digital economy and Industry 4.0. In view of this, Ukraine needs to intensify state regulation in the field of investment, develop its own unique strategy for future production and economic transformation. At the same time, a double approach is possible: with the transition of some industries to the latest paradigm of technological growth, and others to the modernization of traditional technologies.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
S. Kuregyan
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Economic Thinking

The problems of the interrelationship between innovative development and industry modernization identification are solved in the article. Ways of strengthening of these processes, which are necessary for the successful economic transformation, are defined. The investments impact on the modernization processes is considered. The definition of modernization is given. Its main directions are revealed. The article attaches great importance for the human capital, development of scientific and technological progress, modern economic thinking.

scholarly journals Research on the Impact of Human capital on the Transformation and Upgrading of China’s Industrial Structure from the Perspective of Low Carbon Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 02038
Author(s):  
Yiwen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

From the perspective of low-carbon, this paper analyzes the impact of human capital on the transformation and upgrading of China’s industrial structure. Firstly, it combs the relevant literature, then theoretically analyzes the mechanism of human capital on the transformation and upgrading of China’s industrial structure, and then selects the energy consumption data of 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2006 to 2016 Human capital data, using panel data analysis for empirical test. The results show that human capital has a positive effect on the low-carbon transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, but there are some differences in the effect on the whole country and different regions in the East, middle and West. Finally, from the perspective of the government, enterprises, schools and individuals, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions, such as responding to the economic transformation and low-carbon economy policies, strengthening human capital investment, and accelerating the cultivation of low-carbon talents.

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