How Effective is Population-Based Cancer Screening? Regression Discontinuity Estimates from the U.S. Guideline Screening Initiation Ages

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikanth Kadiyala ◽  
Erin Strumpf
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The U.S

How Effective is Population-Based Cancer Screening? Regression Discontinuity Estimates from the US Guideline Screening Initiation Ages

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikanth Kadiyala ◽  
Erin Strumpf
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Asymptomatic Case ◽  
The Cost

Abstract We estimate the marginal benefits of population-based cancer screening by comparing cancer test and detection rates on either side of US guideline-recommended initiation ages (age 40 for breast cancer and age 50 for colorectal cancer during the study period). Using a regression discontinuity design and self-reported test data from national health surveys, we find test rates for breast and colorectal cancer increase at the guideline age thresholds by 109% and 78%, respectively. Data from cancer registries in twelve US states indicate that cancer detection rates increase at the same thresholds by 50% and 49%, respectively. We estimate significant effects of screening on earlier breast cancer detection (1.2 cases/1000 screened) at age 40 and colorectal cancer detection (1.1 cases/1000 individuals screened) at age 50. Forty-eight and 73% of the increases in breast and colorectal case detection occur among middle-stage cancers (localized and regional) with most of the remainder among early-stage (in-situ). Our analysis suggests that the cost of detecting an asymptomatic case of breast cancer at age 40 via population-based screening is $107,000–134,000 and that the cost of detecting an asymptomatic case of colorectal cancer at age 50 is $473,000–485,000.

scholarly journals Cancer screening in the U.S. through the COVID-19 pandemic, recovery, and beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 106595
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Croswell ◽  
Douglas A. Corley ◽  
Jennifer Elston Lafata ◽  
Jennifer S. Haas ◽  
John M. Inadomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Modelling the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of population-based colorectal cancer screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 106597
Author(s):  
Grace Hsiao-Hsuan Jen ◽  
Amy Ming-Fang Yen ◽  
Chen-Yang Hsu ◽  
Han-Mo Chiu ◽  
Sam Li-Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Population Based

scholarly journals Effect of introducing human papillomavirus genotyping into real-world screening on cervical cancer screening in China: a retrospective population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175883592110109
Author(s):  
Binhua Dong ◽  
Huachun Zou ◽  
Xiaodan Mao ◽  
Yingying Su ◽  
Hangjing Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hpv Genotyping ◽  
Cytology Screening

Background: China’s Fujian Cervical Pilot Project (FCPP) transitioned cervical cancer screening from high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) nongenotyping to genotyping. We investigated the clinical impact of this introduction, comparing performance indicators between HR-HPV genotyping combined with cytology screening (HR-HPV genotyping period) and the previous HR-HPV nongenotyping combined with cytology screening (HR-HPV nongenotyping period). Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study was performed using data from the FCPP for China. We obtained data for the HR-HPV nongenotyping period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2013, and for the HR-HPV genotyping period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016. Propensity score matching was used to match women from the two periods. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess factors associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). The primary outcome was the incidence of CIN2+ in women aged ⩾25 years. Performance was assessed and included consistency, reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and cost. Results: Compared with HR-HPV nongenotyping period, in the HR-HPV genotyping period, more CIN2+ cases were identified at the initial screening (3.06% versus 2.32%; p < 0.001); the rate of colposcopy referral was higher (10.87% versus 6.64%; p < 0.001); and the hazard ratio of CIN2+ diagnosis was 1.64 (95% confidence interval, 1.43–1.88; p < 0.001) after controlling for health insurance status and age. The total costs of the first round of screening (US$66,609 versus US$65,226; p = 0.293) were similar during the two periods. Higher screening coverage (25.95% versus 25.19%; p = 0.007), higher compliance with age recommendations (92.70% versus 91.69%; p = 0.001), lower over-screening (4.92% versus 10.15%; p < 0.001), and reduced unqualified samples (cytology: 1.48% versus 1.73%, p = 0.099; HR-HPV: 0.57% versus 1.34%, p < 0.001) were observed in the HR-HPV genotyping period. Conclusions: Introduction of an HR-HPV genotyping assay in China could detect more CIN2+ lesions at earlier stages and improve programmatic indicators. Evidence suggests that the introduction of HR-HPV genotyping is likely to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer in China.

The Opinion-Mobilizing Effect of Social Protest against Police Violence: Evidence from the 2020 George Floyd Protests

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
TYLER T. RENY ◽  
BENJAMIN J. NEWMAN
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Mass Opinion ◽  
The U.S

Does social protest following the police killing of unarmed Black civilians have a widespread “opinion-mobilizing” effect against the police? Or, does the racialized nature of these events polarize mass opinion based on standing racial and political orientations? To answer these questions, we use a large dataset comprised of weekly cross sections of the American public and employ a regression discontinuity in time (RDiT) approach leveraging the random timing of the police killing of George Floyd and ensuing nationwide protests. We find that the Floyd protests swiftly decreased favorability toward the police and increased perceived anti-Black discrimination among low-prejudice and politically liberal Americans. However, attitudes among high-prejudice and politically conservative Americans either remained unchanged or evinced only small and ephemeral shifts. Our evidence suggests that the Floyd protests served to further racialize and politicize attitudes within the domain of race and law enforcement in the U.S.

scholarly journals Role of community pharmacies in a population-based colorectal cancer screening program

2021 ◽  
pp. 106420
Author(s):  
Nuria Vives ◽  
Núria Milà ◽  
Gemma Binefa ◽  
Noemie Travier ◽  
Albert Farre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Cancer Screening Program

A population‐based combination strategy to improve the cervical cancer screening coverage rate in Bamako, Mali

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahima Téguété ◽  
Fatoumata Korika Tounkara ◽  
Broulaye Diawara ◽  
Sidy Traoré ◽  
Diakaridia Koné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Combination Strategy ◽  
Screening Coverage
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