scholarly journals The Role of Social Image Concerns in the Design of Legal Regimes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Deffains ◽  
Claude Fluet
Keyword(s):  
Social Image ◽  
Legal Regimes

An Experimental Investigation of Auditors' Liability: Implications for Social Welfare and Exploration of Deviations from Theoretical Predictions

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald R. King ◽  
Rachel Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Liability Rule ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
Legal Regimes ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Best Responses

This paper reports the results of an experiment designed to investigate how legal regimes affect social welfare. We investigate four legal regimes, each consisting of a liability rule (strict or negligence) and a damage measure (out-of-pocket or independent-of-investment). The results of the experiment are for the most part consistent with the qualitative predictions of Schwartz's (1997) model; however, subjects' actual choices deviate from the point predictions of the model. We explore whether these deviations arise because: (1) subjects form faulty anticipations of their counterparts' actions and/or (2) subjects do not choose the optimal responses given their anticipations. We find that subjects behave differently under the four regimes in terms of anticipation errors and departures from best responses. For example, subjects playing the role of auditors anticipate investments most accurately under the regime with strict liability combined with out-of-pocket damages, but are least likely to choose the optimal response given their anticipations. This finding implies that noneconomic factors likely play a role in determining subjects' choices.

Using Social Image Sets to Explore Virtual Embodiment in Second Life® as Indicators of Formal, Nonformal, and Informal Learning

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-166
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Informal Learning ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Human Learning ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Social Image ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Virtual Self

Capturing Second Life® imagery sets from Yahoo's Flickr and Google Images enables indirect and backwards analysis (in a decontextualized way) to better understand the role of SL in people's virtual self-identities and online practices. Through manual bottom-up coding, based on grounded theory, such analyses can provide empirical-based understandings of how people are using SL for formal, nonformal, and informal learning. This chapter involves a review of the literature and then a light and iterated analysis of 1,550 randomly batch-downloaded screenshots from SL (including stills from machinima) to explore the potential of social image analysis to make inferences about human learning in SL in the present.

Enforcement of sexual violence law in post-civil conflict societies

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillienne Haglund ◽  
David L Richards
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Legal Regimes

The climate of impunity in many post-civil conflict societies results in unprecedented levels of violence against women, making legal implementation and law enforcement particularly difficult. We argue that the presence of strong legal provisions mediates the negative influence of the post-civil conflict environment on violence against women. Specifically, we examine the role of strong legal protections on the enforcement of sexual violence legislation in post-civil conflict countries. To examine our hypothesis, we utilize an original dataset measuring the strength and enforcement of domestic legal statutes addressing violence against women for the years 2007–2010 in post-civil conflict countries. We find elements of civil conflict as well as domestic and international legal regimes to be reliably associated with the enforcement of violence against women laws and rape prevalence in post-civil conflict states.

scholarly journals The Conceptual Structure of Commercial Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Tamara M. Buckwold
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Legal Regimes ◽  
Rights And Interests ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function

This article argues that commercial law is not merely a collection of rules, but a doctrinally coherent and conceptually sophisticated body of law structured through conceptions of property. The analysis focuses specifically on the aspects of commercial law that govern recovery of debt. The argument advances two related themes; that commercial law is built around conceptions of property and reciprocally defines the conceptions of property around which it is built. The article first addresses the role of property as the structural framework of commercial law. Property creates the basis for assertion of rights and provides the conceptual interface between the legal regimes of secured financing, judgment enforcement, and bankruptcy. Further, property is the basis on which commercial law rights and interests are reconciled with rights and interests that fall outside its boundaries. The article then explores the means by which commercial law resolves practical problems through the creative definition of property. The article concludes with thoughts on the importance of understanding the central role of property in the structure and function of commercial law.

scholarly journals Prank Journalism as a New Genre in Russian Media Landscape

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-370
Author(s):  
Alexander Sukhodolov ◽  
Elizaveta Kudlik ◽  
Alla Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Social Image ◽  
Media Space ◽  
Youth Subculture ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
Ethical Component

The article aims at theorizing the phenomenon of prank journalism. The authors explain the need for new formats of searching for information in the context of information wars. The concept prank is defined in general, at the same time it is analyzed in the psychological, socio-cultural and legal aspects, a psychological and social image of a prankster is drawn. The article describes the process of a prank phone call evolving first into a youth subculture and then into a new genre of journalism. The aspects of the prank subculture are described from the viewpoint of anthropology and its media coverage is characterized. Some aspects of the beginnings of prank journalism in the Russian media space are considered, Examples of prank journalism in the Western media space are given. The article states reasons for the introduction of political prank in the Russian media space. The article offers basis for comparing a pranksters and journalists activities, and describes the ethical component of prank journalism. The article gives a brief characteristic of stages of creating a prank. The role of the personal factor in a prank journalists job is defined as exemplified by Alexey Stolyarov (Lexus) and Vladimir Kuznetsov (Vovan), the founders of the Russian intellectual prank. Examples of some well-known pranks from the recently published book by Vovan and Lexus For Whom the Phone Rings? are given. The article offers criteria for rating pranks as instruments for creating fake news as exemplified by the prank about the victims in the Kemerovo Winter Cherry mall, disseminated by a Ukrainian prankster. The prank is considered in a dichotomy: as information terrorism and as a kind of fact journalism. The article states how the prank is characterized by professional journalists and media people. The article makes a conclusion about the place of prank journalism in the modern media space.

scholarly journals Regulation of Ordinary Partnership under Ethiopian Law: A Comparative Analysis of Selected Legal Issues with the French Civil Partnership and the Thai Ordinary Partnership Regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Israel Woldekidan Haileyesus
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Civil Partnership ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Legal Regimes

Civil/ordinary partnerships as non-commercial entities play a vital role as an alternative form of doing business in various jurisdictions. Though the issue of where they should be regulated is becoming nonsensical in recent times, it is wise to have a well-structured legal framework which regulates these entities. This article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the regulation of Ethiopia’s ordinary partnership with the French civil code partnership and the Thai ordinary partnership only on issues of formation, transfer of share, management, liability of partners, dissolution of partnership, distribution of profit and loss, and expulsion of a  partner. The comparative analysis shows that in many areas of regulation, the Ethiopian law has more commonalities with that of Thai ordinary partnership and French civil code partnership legal regimes. This article also finds that the Ethiopian law of ordinary partnership ought to be improved as regards the issues of the transfer of shares related to ascendants and descendants, on the distribution of profits and losses, on the role of partners in a dissolution of the partnership, and on the expulsion of a partner.

The Ego-Defensive Role of Legitimacy: How Threat-Based Justifications Protect the Self-Esteem of Discriminators

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1473-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cicero Roberto Pereira ◽  
José Luis Álvaro ◽  
Jorge Vala
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Image ◽  
Pilot Experiment ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Discriminatory Behavior ◽  
Analytical Integration ◽  
Negative Effect

This article analyzes the ego-defensive role played by legitimation, by examining the hypothesis that threat-based justifications attenuate the negative effect on an individual’s self-esteem caused by his or her becoming aware of his or her own discriminatory behavior. Across three studies (including a pilot experiment), participants who were led to believe that they had acted in a discriminatory way experienced a decrease in their self-esteem. In Study 1 ( N = 116), this effect was nullified when discrimination was justified by either symbolic or realistic threat perceptions. Study 2 ( N = 250) replicated this pattern of results and went further by showing that discrimination affects self-esteem only in more egalitarian individuals, whereas for those less egalitarian, it affects their social image. According to the ego-defensive role of legitimation, a meta-analytical integration of the results confirmed that the influence of discrimination in depressing self-esteem is moderated by threat-based justifications.

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