Language Policy and Linguistic Justice in the European Union: The Socio-Economic Effects of Multilingualism

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Gazzola
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Linguistic Justice

Critical Discourse–Ethnographic Approaches to Language Policy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Wodak ◽  
Kristof Savski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Key Concepts

This chapter focuses on the synergy that researchers in language policy have developed by integrating two other subfields of sociolinguistics: critical discourse analysis and critical ethnography. The chapter begins by discussing the meanings of the three key concepts used in these approaches, albeit sometimes in significantly different ways: critique, ethnography, and discourse. It then examines how these concepts are relevant to contemporary analyses of language policy, focusing particularly on their potential to open new and innovative avenues of research. To demonstrate how an integrated critical discourse and ethnographic approach can be applied in concrete empirical research, the chapter presents an analysis of language policy and practice in the European Union before providing an overview of other relevant studies in the area.

scholarly journals An overview of the tourism economic effect in the European Union Member states

Turizam ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Gordana Petrović ◽  
Darjan Karabašević ◽  
Svetlana Vukotić ◽  
Vuk Mirčetić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Tourism has a notable role in the economies of many countries, and particularly in the countries of the European Union, which are still one of the world's most recognized and visited tourist destinations. The paper aims to analyze the impact of the tourism industry on the economy of the European Union. In this context, the paper is based on research and literature review, in particular, statistics data of Eurostat and the World Travel and Tourism Council. The results achieved by the tourism industry are reflected through certain economic indicators: GDP, employment rate, income, the balance of payments, turnover and consumption. The research area is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world, which generates significant tourist turnover and justifies the status of an extremely important determinant of economic development. The well managed tourism industry complements other economic activities and increases the income of each EU Member State, and the tourism industry has direct and indirect, positive and negative economic effects.

scholarly journals Brexit: The Economics of International Disintegration

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sampson
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Eu

On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom held a referendum on its membership in the European Union. Although most of Britain’s establishment backed remaining in the EU, 52 percent of voters disagreed and handed a surprise victory to the “leave” campaign. Brexit, as the act of Britain exiting the EU has become known, is likely to occur in early 2019. This article discusses the economic consequences of Brexit and the lessons of Brexit for the future of European and global integration. I start by describing the options for post-Brexit relations between the United Kingdom and the European Union and then review studies of the likely economic effects of Brexit. The main conclusion of this literature is that Brexit will make the United Kingdom poorer than it would otherwise have been because it will lead to new barriers to trade and migration between the UK and the European Union. There is considerable uncertainty over how large the costs of Brexit will be, with plausible estimates ranging between 1 and 10 percent of UK per capita income. The costs will be lower if Britain stays in the European Single Market following Brexit. Empirical estimates that incorporate the effects of trade barriers on foreign direct investment and productivity find costs 2–3 times larger than estimates obtained from quantitative trade models that hold technologies fixed.

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