Impact of Trade Liberalization on Tax Revenue and Consumer Prices a Case Study of Pakistan

<p>This study attempts to empirically examine the relations between the headline consumer price index (CPI) and several other CPIs in Japan by applying the vector error correction models (VECMs). Our investigations derive the following interesting findings. First, we reveal that as to our four combinations of the CPIs tested in this paper, 1) all variable coefficients in the cointegrating equations are statistically significant in our VECM models and the statistical significance is very strong. Thus, we understand that our four bivariate combinations of the CPIs tested in this paper are all strongly cointegrated and the VECM approach is very effective to capture the time-series effects of the categorized CPIs on the Japanese headline CPI. Further, we also find that 2) as far as judging by the results of our impulse response analyses, for the period from May 2011 to June 2015, the headline CPI for Japan is weakly or little affected by the CPI of energy and the CPI of food for Japan. We further clarify that 3) according to the results of our impulse response analyses, the Japanese headline CPI is positively affected by both the CPI of utilities for Japan and the CPI of transportation and communication expenses for Japan.</p>

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Effects of Serbian accession to the European Union

Panoeconomicus ◽

10.2298/pan1203355h ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 355-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mario Holzner ◽

Valentina Ivanic

Keyword(s):

Trade Liberalization ◽

Consumer Surplus ◽

The European Union ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Eu Accession ◽

Consumer Prices ◽

The World ◽

Producer Surplus ◽

The One ◽

The Eu

In this article, the global simulation model (GSIM) of Joseph F. Francois and Keith H. Hall (2009) for analyzing global, regional, and unilateral trade policy changes was applied to Serbia. This was to measure the effects of full trade liberalization with the EU after Serbian accession to the EU. As anticipated, most of the changes in welfare after full liberalization of trade between Serbia and EU can be expected in sectors where Serbia has specialized; protection against imports from the EU is strong. However, losses could also occur in sectors that currently face strong protection against the rest of the world and this protection is lost after EU accession. Trade liberalization will lead to a substantial loss of tariff revenues. Reduced consumer prices might, on the one hand increase consumer surplus but on the other hand decrease producer surplus and output in certain industries.

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Defterdarlık Çalışanlarının Vergi Algıları: Afyonkarahisar Örneği(Tax Perceptions By Employees In State Tax Revenue Departments A Case Study In Afyonkarahisar)

Yönetim ve Ekonomi Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi ◽

10.18657/yecbu.95334 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 433

Author(s):

Harun CANSIZ

Keyword(s):

Tax Revenue ◽

State Tax

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Consumer Ownership of Natural Monopolies and its Relevance for the Green Transition: The Case of District Heating

Danish utility regulator's anthology project series on better regulation in the energy sector ◽

10.51138/jbbo9030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Søren Djørup ◽

Ole Odgaard ◽

Karl Sperling ◽

Henrik Lund

Keyword(s):

Policy Development ◽

District Heating ◽

Vital Role ◽

Price Regulation ◽

Information Costs ◽

Monopoly Regulation ◽

Consumer Prices ◽

Institutional Structures ◽

Sustainable Energy Systems

District heating is important for the transition to sustainable energy systems. In order to implement district heating, consumers’ trust and acceptance of this technical monopoly structure is necessary. This necessity leads to the question of price regulation and ownership in the district heating sector, since these institutional structures are the measures for creating trust and acceptance. This article is based on a Coasian approach, where information costs and concrete institutional structures are at the centre of the analysis. This approach is applied for the purpose of understanding the role of consumer ownership in the district heating sector. An ownership model which has been shown to be the most efficient in Denmark. Through a detailed empirical case study, it is shown how private commercial companies have avoided the state regulatory monopoly price regulation and inflated consumer prices. The case study also describes how changes in ownership immediately led to price reductions. It is concluded that the consumer ownership model has played a vital role in getting price regulation to succeed and thereby consumers to trust and accept the district heating systems in Denmark. This result is an important contribution to heating policy development as well as monopoly regulation theory.

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Tingkat Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Badan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah Setelah Diberlakukan Tarif 1 % (Final) PPh (Studi Kasus di KPP Pratama Pontianak)

Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan ◽

10.26418/jebik.v5i2.17147 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

Sari Zawitri ◽

Elsa Sari Yuliana

Keyword(s):

Tax Compliance ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Corporate Tax ◽

Narrative Case Study ◽

Policy Suggestions ◽

Before And After ◽

Research Problems ◽

Gross Income ◽

The Government

Year 2015 is the year for developing Tax Payer and the year of issuance of GovernmentRegulation No. 46 Year 2013, which imposed 1% tax to SMEs with a turnover (gross income)from Rp 1 to a maximum of Rp 4.8 billion per year. The research problems are formulated: (1)How does the level of tax compliance in KPP Pratama Pontianak before and after the 1% taxpolicies for SME corporate tax payer? (2) What efforts made by the tax authorities in improvingtax payer compliance company in terms of delivering the tax obligations on KPP PratamaPontianak. The research method was an exploratory, descriptive, narrative case study approachto the object KPP Pratama Pontianak. Outcomes of this study are expected KPP PratamaPontianak be an example or reference for other KPP in performing their duties and functions aspublic service on tax. The results showed that there was a slight increase tax payer compliance inKPP Pontianak after their policy of 1% per month tax on turnover (gross income), whencompared with the prior policy. Suggestions for the government, in this case the DirectorateGeneral of Taxation, in formulating tax policy in order to maximize tax revenue.

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The Revival of Protectionism in the Modern World: Case Study of Uzbekistan

Scientific Conference on Economics and Entrepreneurship Proceedings ◽

10.7250/scee.2019.003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

Regina Gaynulina

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Trade Liberalization ◽

Adam Smith ◽

Research Work ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Modern World ◽

Government Interventions ◽

Wealth Of Nations

Since the publication of The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, in which market-based economy free from government interventions was systematically defended, economics and philosophy have mostly parted ways, culminating in a clear distinction between how most economists and philosophers view the global economic order. Although it is now clear that trade liberalization, unlike protectionism, paves the way for economic development, many still argue that the countries are better off implementing protectionist measures. Even the developed countries today seem to slowly return protectionist policies, while the developing ones commonly employ them fully. In this research work, the author will analyze the recent trends in trade policymaking as well as conduct a case study of Uzbekistan to see what impact the decades of protectionism and recent trade-liberalization reforms made on the country’s economic growth. The aim of the work is to identify and reveal the features of new protectionism in the context of globalization of the world economy and the related contradictions and to provide recommendations for Uzbek authorities based on the empirical findings. There is a very limited number of researches made in the field of trade policy in Uzbekistan, therefore this work will contribute to both Uzbekistan and global scientific societies, as the case study can be used to improve the current situation in the country, as well as it can be applied to the countries of a similar economic background (precisely present at the same geographic region) for the same purposes. The hypothesis proposed for this research is: When the country implements high protectionist measures it faces lack of money inflow, which consequently leads to a slow-down in economic growth.

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IMPROVING TAX ADMINISTRATION: A CASE STUDY OF THE UGANDA REVENUE AUTHORITY

Journal of African Law ◽

10.1017/s0021855305000124 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 145-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jalia Kangave

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Organizational Structure ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Tax Administration ◽

Internal Revenue ◽

Revenue Collection ◽

The Poor ◽

The Rich

KANGAVE, JALIA, Improving tax administration: a case study of the Uganda Revenue authority, Journal of African Law, 49, 2 (2005): 145–176The prevalence of poverty in developing countries demands that these countries should improvise internal revenue generating projects to supplement, or better still, ultimately significantly reduce dependence on foreign funding. This way self-sustaining economies will be built. One such internal revenue-generating mechanism, and perhaps the most commonly used, is taxation. This paper makes a case for tax administration as a tool of increasing the contribution of tax revenue to Gross Domestic Product, and consequently, a means of reducing the gap between the rich and the poor. The goal of this paper is to propose ways in which the Uganda Revenue Authority (the URA) can improve its tax administration. To achieve this objective, the paper begins with a detailed discussion of the URA's structure and the procedures it follows in collecting taxes. It then highlights the problems that may arise from such structure and procedures, before making proposals on how the URA can reform its organizational structure and processes to maximize its potential in revenue collection capabilities.

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