scholarly journals Remittances and Income Smoothing

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes ◽  
Susan Pozo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Borrowing Constraints ◽  
Income Smoothing ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Income Volatility ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Main Motive

Due to inadequate savings and binding borrowing constraints, income volatility can make households in developing countries particularly susceptible to economic hardship. We examine the role of remittances in either alleviating or increasing household income volatility using Mexican household level data over the 2000 through 2008 period. We correct for reverse causality and endogeneity and find that while income smoothing does not appear to be the main motive for sending remittances in a non-negligible share of households, remittances do indeed smooth household income on average. Other variables surrounding income volatility are also considered and evaluated.

Parental Transfers, Intra-household Bargaining and Fertility Decision

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emin Gahramanov ◽  
Khusrav Gaibulloev ◽  
Javed Younas
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
Parental Transfers ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Fertility Decision ◽  
Demand For Children

Abstract This paper examines the role of parental transfers on family size. We introduce a simple theoretical model of fertility decision where preferences towards children may differ between female and male spouses. Parental transfers increase both the household income and the bargaining power of the recipient spouse. Therefore, transfers from wife’s and husband’s parents may have dissimilar effects on the number of children. Our empirical result, based on a unique household-level data for Japan, supports this hypothesis. In particular, received transfers from the wife’s parents are negatively associated with the demand for children. In contrast, both received and expected transfers from the husband’s parents are positively associated with the demand for children. These results hold important policy implications.

scholarly journals The role of symptomatic presentation in influenza A transmission risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. WARDELL ◽  
K. PREM ◽  
B. J. COWLING ◽  
A. R. COOK
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Discrete Generation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Relative Infectivity

SUMMARYComputer models can be useful in planning interventions against novel strains of influenza. However such models sometimes make unsubstantiated assumptions about the relative infectivity of asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, or conversely assume there is no impact at all. Using household-level data from known-index studies of virologically confirmed influenza A infection, the relationship between an individual's infectiousness and their symptoms was quantified using a discrete-generation transmission model and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. It was found that the presence of particular respiratory symptoms in an index case does not influence transmission probabilities, with the exception of child-to-child transmission where the donor has phlegm or a phlegmy cough.

An Inquiry into Remittances and Income Smoothing

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-289
Author(s):  
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes ◽  
Susan Pozo
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Income Smoothing ◽  
Income Volatility ◽  
Substantial Fraction ◽  
Elderly Household ◽  
Household Members

AbstractWhile we uncover evidence that remittances smooth household income, for a substantial fraction of household we find that remittance instead increase income volatility. We also explore the determinants of income volatility for all households. We find that in some cases, the determinants of household income volatility are the same for remittance-receiving and non-remittance receiving households, as for example with respect to the number of young children in the household, the educational attainment of household members and the location of the household. In other cases, determinants like the gender of the household head, the number of elderly household members and household size impact remittance-receiving and non-remittance receiving households differently.

scholarly journals Social Media Participation, Low-Carbon Agricultural Practices, and Economic Performance of Banana Farmers in Southern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Yang ◽  
Yueji Zhu ◽  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Adoption Intensity

Low-carbon agricultural practices (LAPs) can reduce carbon emissions in agricultural production for farmers in developing countries. However, the role of emerging social media has not received enough attention in the diffusion of LAPs among farmers. This study first attempts to examine the impact of farmers’ social media participation on their adoption intensity of LAPs using the Zero-truncated Poisson model and specify the effect of each participation activity on social media by the endogenous-treatment Poisson regression model, then discuss the economic performance of LAPs using the quantile regression model, based on the primary data collected from banana farmers in Southern China. The results show that social media participation exerts a positive and significant effect on farmers’ adoption intensity of LAPs. Specifically, the adoption intensity of LAPs in the treated group who participated in the short-video social media is about 1.1 times higher than that in the control group. The treatment effects of the five activities (watch, like, forward, comment, and release) on farmers’ adoption intensity of LAPs are positive and significant. We also find that adoption of LAPs can increase household income of farmers, and the effect presents particularly significant for those at the higher income level. Whilst, Social media participation can significantly increase household income of farmers who are at the lower income level. Our findings underscore the important role of social media in the diffusion of LAPs among farmers and income growth of households in developing countries. Thus, supportive strategies can be designed by policymakers for encouraging farmers to participate the emerging social media platforms and adopt more LAPs in agricultural production.

Exporting and environmental performance: where you export matters

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan S. Blyde ◽  
Mayra A. Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Income ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship

Empirical analyses that rely on micro-level panel data have found that exporters are generally less pollutant than non-exporters. While alternative explanations have been proposed, firm level data has not been used to examine the role of destination markets behind the relationship between exports and pollution. In this paper we argue that because consumers in high-income countries have higher valuations for clean environments than consumers in developing countries, exporters targeting high-income countries are more likely to improve their environmental outcomes than exporters targeting destinations where valuations for the environment are not high. Using a panel of firm-level data from Chile we find support to this hypothesis. A 10 percentage point increase in the share of exports to high-income countries is associated with a reduction in CO2 pollution intensity of about 16%. The results have important implications for firms in developing countries aiming to target high-income markets.

More on the Impact of Economic Freedom on the Black–White Income Gap

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Hoover ◽  
Ryan A. Compton ◽  
Daniel C. Giedeman
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Black Household ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Household ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Using household-level data from 1980 to 2010, we examine whether economic freedom, as measured by the Economic Freedom of North America Index, has similar effects on white household income as it does on black household income. Our findings suggest that the positive effect of economic freedom found in most studies affects black households less than white households. Further, using the Oaxaca decomposition, our results show that economic freedom is an important factor explaining the gap between black and white household incomes.

scholarly journals The Effects of Regional House Prices on Consumption in Korea: Heterogeneous Behaviors According to Homeownership Status and Lifecycle Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3517
Author(s):  
Jong Chil Son ◽  
Hail Park
Keyword(s):  
House Prices ◽  
Borrowing Constraints ◽  
Young Cohort ◽  
Empirical Estimation ◽  
Income Volatility ◽  
Consumption Growth ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Age Cohort

This paper investigates the effects of regional house prices on consumption growth, with a focus on heterogeneity across homeownership statuses and lifecycle stages, using household-level panel data in Korea from 2004 to 2017. The empirical estimation results indicate, firstly, that the growth of regional house prices has overall positive effects on consumption growth in the full sample including homeowners and renters. Secondly, house prices have significant and large effects on consumption growth for homeowners, while the effects are sharply reversed for renters, being weakly negative. Thirdly, the sensitivity of homeowners’ consumption in response to house prices differs across different stages of the lifecycle. The consumption sensitivity is greatest in the old age cohort for the sample covering the owners of single and multiple homes. When using a subsample of only single homeowners, however, the young cohort turns out to have the highest sensitivity, implying that young single homeowners face high borrowing constraints and expected income volatility. Finally, renters’ consumption sensitivity in response to house prices becomes more negative over the lifecycle.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Residents Dealing with Municipal Organic Waste in Developing Countries: Evidence from Rural Areas of Hoi An, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Loan Thi Thanh Le ◽  
Yoshifumi Takahashi ◽  
Mitsuyasu Yabe
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Women Groups ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Collection Methods

<p>Municipal solid waste (MSW) management in developing countries is facing many challenges. Most MSW is disposed of in landfill areas that are uncontrolled and overloaded. Under budget constraints, the governments encourage residents in rural areas to treat municipal organic waste (MOW) by themselves. Evidence from Hoi An, Vietnam has shown the potential for residents practicing MOW treatment at the source which may divert large quantities of biodegradable waste away from landfills. Logistic regression analysis showed that various factors influence residents treating MOW by themselves, including the gender of the person in charge of waste management, household size, presence of garden, type of city collection methods, care of collectors, and participation in compost training. Several factors are largely insignificant, including age, household income, number of children less than 15 years old, schooling years, and potential for high collection fees in the near future. The results further suggested that local authorities should encourage residents to practice MOW treatment at the source by enhancing the role of local women’ groups, gardening clubs, composting training classes, and paying attention to communal collectors’ roles.</p>

scholarly journals Analisis Permintaan dan Elastisitas Daging Sapi pada Tingkat Rumah Tangga

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Muhammad Chalidin ◽  
Zulkarnain Lubis ◽  
Mitra Musika Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Level ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Beef Demand ◽  
Beef Prices

This study aims to determine the level of beef demand, the factors that affect beef demand and measure and identify the role of the elasticity of factors that affect beef demand. Sampling is done by simple random sampling. The data analysis method used is qualitative (descriptive) and quantitative analysis. The results showed that the demand for beef at the household level in Sei Sikambing B village, the average beef consumption was 2.2 kg / month. Simultaneously the test results show that the variable beef prices, fish prices, chicken meat prices, egg prices, the level of household income, the number of family members, and taste have a real impact on the amount of beef demand at a 95% confidence level. On the price of partial fish, the price of chicken cuts, the level of household income and tastes significantly influence the demand for beef at a 95% confidence level, while the variable beef prices, egg prices, and the number of family members do not significantly influence the demand for beef meat at the level 95% confidence. From the estimation that the determination value (R2) of 67.8% variation of the seven variables can explain the amount of beef demand, while the remaining 32.2% is influenced by other variables. Beef demand is not elastic to changes in beef prices.Keywords: Demand, Elasticity, Price, Beef, Income

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