Too Hot to Focus: The Mean and Distributional Effects of Heat on Labor Productivity

In the empirical literature, the analysis of aggregate productivity dynamics using firm-level productivity has mostly been based on changes in the mean of log-productivity. This paper shows that there can be substantial quantitative and qualitative differences in the results relative to when the analysis is based on changes in the mean of productivity, and discusses the circumstances under which such differences are likely to happen. We use firm-level data for Portugal for the period 2006-2015 to illustrate the point. When the mean of productivity is used, we estimate that TFP and labor productivity for the whole economy increased by 17.7 percent and 5.2 percent, respectively, over this period. But, when the mean of log-productivity is used, we estimate that these two productivity measures declined by 4.3 percent and 1.8 percent, respectively. Similarly disparate results are obtained for productivity decompositions regarding the contributions for productivity growth of surviving, entering and exiting firms.

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A cross-sectoral analysis of the relation between labor productivity and labor compensation in the European Union

Applied Econometrics ◽

10.22394/1993-7601-2021-62-54-65 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 54-65

Author(s):

A.D. Fofack ◽

◽

S.D. Temkeng ◽

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Labor Productivity ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

The European Union ◽

Labor Compensation ◽

Pooled Mean Group ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

The Mean ◽

Productivity Gains

The aim of this paper is to assess and compare the link between labor productivity and compensation in four industries — air transport, electronics, finance, and telecommunications — of twenty‐five member states of the European Union (EU) from 2000 to 2014. The long‐run and short‐run dynamics of productivity and compensation are analyzed using the pooled mean group (PMG), the mean group (MG) and the dynamic fixed effects (DFE) estimators. The results confirm the existence of a gap between productivity and compensation in each of those industries as mentioned in previous studies. However, the results show that despite that gap, the link between the two variables is not broken. That is, productivity and compensation are not only linked in the long run, but they also return to their long‐run equilibrium after every short‐run disturbance. The econometric analysis also reveals that the relation between productivity and compensation does not follow a significantly different pattern from one industry to the other. These findings robust to alternative models, estimation techniques and across industries, suggest that there are some other cross‐sectoral factors preventing productivity gains to be fully reflected on paychecks.

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EVALUATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v77.6314 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 77 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nasiru Zakari Muhammad ◽

Ashiru Sani ◽

Ahmad Muhammad ◽

Saeed Balubaid ◽

Egba Ernest Ituma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Labor Productivity ◽

Labour Productivity ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Management Level ◽

Local Staff ◽

Construction Firms ◽

Communication Problems ◽

The Mean ◽

Traditional Construction ◽

Significant Factors

Construction labor productivity is critical to the success of the industry. It is thus, important for the estimation and scheduling of construction project. However, most of the traditional construction firms have no accurate data on labor productivity. Therefore, this paper aims to identify through literature review those factors that affect labor production rate and evaluate their effects on the performance of the industry. The research made use of the 44 returned questionnaires from the contractors firms. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) to compute the mean score for each factor. These factors were subsequently ranked based on the mean score value.The results of the analysis has shown that, based on the management level factors “lack of motivation and incentive, lack of equipment, disruption of power and water supply and inspection delay” are the most significant factors affecting labour productivity each with mean score values of 0.79, 0.44, 0.38 and 0.35 respectively. Also based on the site level factors “lack of adequate skillful worker with specific scope of work” at site, delay in material supply, weather, access to the site, crew size and communication problems between foreign and local staff are the top six most significant factors affecting labour productivity each with the mean score values of 0.77, 0.75, 0.75, 0.66, 0.61 and 0.53 respectively. Similarly, all the respondents seem to have agreed in their perception on the severity of factors affecting labour productivity.

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Job security and labor productivity:

European Journal of Management Issues ◽

10.15421/191909 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (3-4) ◽

pp. 82-89

Author(s):

Martin Machek

Keyword(s):

Labor Productivity ◽

Design Method ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Job Security ◽

Absolute Deviation ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Studentized Range ◽

Alternative Measures ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

Purpose – to investigate the relationship between job security and labor productivity among 45,506 companies from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Slovenia, and Latvia. Design/Method/Approach. This article uses linear regression analysis based on data from the period of 2013-2017. Findings. The study indicates an inverse U-shaped relationship between employment volatility, as measured by the coefficient of variation, and labor productivity. Labor productivity increases along with employment fluctuation up to a certain point; however, when employees feel insecure, their labor productivity deteriorates. Surprisingly, for most companies, the relationship between employment fluctuation and labor productivity remains positive. Labor productivity gets affected positively by the security feeling rather than by guaranteeing the job position. Originality/Value. The results are consistent within the subsamples of the five individual countries in the sample and robust to two alternative measures of fluctuation, the mean absolute deviation, and the studentized range. Paper type – empirical.

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Photo-electric Hβ and uvby photometry

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900053407 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 170-180

Author(s):

D. L. Crawford

Keyword(s):

Narrow Band ◽

Line Strength ◽

Interference Filter ◽

B Stars ◽

Relative Line ◽

The Mean ◽

F Stars ◽

Two Parameters ◽

Filter Photometry ◽

The Continuum

Early in the 1950's Strömgren (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) introduced medium to narrow-band interference filter photometry at the McDonald Observatory. He used six interference filters to obtain two parameters of astrophysical interest. These parameters he calledlandc, for line and continuum hydrogen absorption. The first measured empirically the absorption line strength of Hβby means of a filter of half width 35Å centered on Hβand compared to the mean of two filters situated in the continuum near Hβ. The second index measured empirically the Balmer discontinuity by means of a filter situated below the Balmer discontinuity and two above it. He showed that these two indices could accurately predict the spectral type and luminosity of both B stars and A and F stars. He later derived (6) an indexmfrom the same filters. This index was a measure of the relative line blanketing near 4100Å compared to two filters above 4500Å. These three indices confirmed earlier work by many people, including Lindblad and Becker. References to this earlier work and to the systems discussed today can be found in Strömgren's article inBasic Astronomical Data(7).

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A one-dimensional self-gravitating stellar gas

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900105261 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 46-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Lecar

Keyword(s):

Gravitational Field ◽

Phase Space ◽

Motion Picture ◽

Space Distribution ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Phase Space Distribution ◽

Dimensional Phase Space ◽

The Mean

“Dynamical mixing”, i.e. relaxation of a stellar phase space distribution through interaction with the mean gravitational field, is numerically investigated for a one-dimensional self-gravitating stellar gas. Qualitative results are presented in the form of a motion picture of the flow of phase points (representing homogeneous slabs of stars) in two-dimensional phase space.

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The motion of a lunar orbiter

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900105686 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 373

Author(s):

Y. Kozai

Keyword(s):

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Artificial Satellite ◽

Equations Of Motion ◽

Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽

The Moon ◽

Secular Motion ◽

The Earth ◽

Close Satellite ◽

The Mean

The motion of an artificial satellite around the Moon is much more complicated than that around the Earth, since the shape of the Moon is a triaxial ellipsoid and the effect of the Earth on the motion is very important even for a very close satellite.The differential equations of motion of the satellite are written in canonical form of three degrees of freedom with time depending Hamiltonian. By eliminating short-periodic terms depending on the mean longitude of the satellite and by assuming that the Earth is moving on the lunar equator, however, the equations are reduced to those of two degrees of freedom with an energy integral.Since the mean motion of the Earth around the Moon is more rapid than the secular motion of the argument of pericentre of the satellite by a factor of one order, the terms depending on the longitude of the Earth can be eliminated, and the degree of freedom is reduced to one.Then the motion can be discussed by drawing equi-energy curves in two-dimensional space. According to these figures satellites with high inclination have large possibilities of falling down to the lunar surface even if the initial eccentricities are very small.The principal properties of the motion are not changed even if plausible values ofJ3andJ4of the Moon are included.This paper has been published in Publ. astr. Soc.Japan15, 301, 1963.

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On nearly-commensurable periods in the restricted problem of three bodies, with calculations of the long-period variations in the interior 2:1 case

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900105480 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 197-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. J. Message

Keyword(s):

Periodic Solution ◽

Periodic Solutions ◽

Large Amplitude ◽

Restricted Problem ◽

Small Amplitude ◽

Minor Planets ◽

Long Period ◽

Numerical Integrations ◽

Period Variations ◽

The Mean

An analytical discussion of that case of motion in the restricted problem, in which the mean motions of the infinitesimal, and smaller-massed, bodies about the larger one are nearly in the ratio of two small integers displays the existence of a series of periodic solutions which, for commensurabilities of the typep+ 1:p, includes solutions of Poincaré'sdeuxième sortewhen the commensurability is very close, and of thepremière sortewhen it is less close. A linear treatment of the long-period variations of the elements, valid for motions in which the elements remain close to a particular periodic solution of this type, shows the continuity of near-commensurable motion with other motion, and some of the properties of long-period librations of small amplitude.To extend the investigation to other types of motion near commensurability, numerical integrations of the equations for the long-period variations of the elements were carried out for the 2:1 interior case (of which the planet 108 “Hecuba” is an example) to survey those motions in which the eccentricity takes values less than 0·1. An investigation of the effect of the large amplitude perturbations near commensurability on a distribution of minor planets, which is originally uniform over mean motion, shows a “draining off” effect from the vicinity of exact commensurability of a magnitude large enough to account for the observed gap in the distribution at the 2:1 commensurability.

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the effects of resonance with Jupiter in the system of short-period comets

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100033959 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 193-203

Author(s):

L̆ubor Kresák

Keyword(s):

Structural Effects ◽

Order Resonance ◽

Mean Motion ◽

Short Period ◽

The Mean ◽

Compound Effect ◽

Low Order

AbstractStructural effects of the resonance with the mean motion of Jupiter on the system of short-period comets are discussed. The distribution of mean motions, determined from sets of consecutive perihelion passages of all known periodic comets, reveals a number of gaps associated with low-order resonance; most pronounced are those corresponding to the simplest commensurabilities of 5/2, 2/1, 5/3, 3/2, 1/1 and 1/2. The formation of the gaps is explained by a compound effect of five possible types of behaviour of the comets set into an approximate resonance, ranging from quick passages through the gap to temporary librations avoiding closer approaches to Jupiter. In addition to the comets of almost asteroidal appearance, librating with small amplitudes around the lower resonance ratios (Marsden, 1970b), there is an interesting group of faint diffuse comets librating in characteristic periods of about 200 years, with large amplitudes of about±8% in μ and almost±180° in σ, around the 2/1 resonance gap. This transient type of motion appears to be nearly as frequent as a circulating motion with period of revolution of less than one half that of Jupiter. The temporary members of this group are characteristic not only by their appearance but also by rather peculiar discovery conditions.

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