Induction of Beneficial Changes in Glucose Homeostasis, Lipid Profile, Inflammation, Retinopathy, Bile Acids and Gut Microbiota in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by Essential Fatty Acids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhui Shen ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yuanqi Wang ◽  
Zhiqing Chen ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Effect of Mediterranean Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Myriam Calabrese ◽  
Alessia Valentini ◽  
Giorgio Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Epithelial Integrity

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease resulting from a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Regarding the latter, gut microbiota has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of T1DM, by affecting intestinal permeability, molecular mimicry, and modulating innate and adaptive immune system, as described in several previous studies. The composition of the gut microbiota is largely influenced by diet. Some observational studies have shown that a low fiber intake is associated with the development of many inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. In this context, the Mediterranean diet (MD), which is based on high consumption of cereals (preferably as whole grains), legumes, nuts, vegetables, fruits, olive oil, and fish, could play a protective role. Many of the characteristic components of MD have functional characteristics with positive effects on health and well-being. Eating habits are the main significant determinants of the microbial multiplicity of the intestine and the food components influence both microbial populations and their metabolic activities from the early stages of life. Moreover, food metabolites influence the immune response. The intestine is considered the primary site where food metabolites mediate their effects, through epithelial integrity or mucosal immunity. The compromised epithelial integrity allows the translocation of bacteria and/or the diffusion of their products, such as food antigens and lipopolysaccharides, from the intestinal lumen to the tissues, which could enhance the stimulation of immune cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as T1DM. The intake of a high amount of fiber and therefore of prebiotics with MD allows the microbiota to have a good microbial balance. Moreover, as more dietary fibers are ingested, a higher amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is produced by anaerobic gut microbiota, promoting gut homeostasis, to which also contribute tryptophan metabolites and omega-3-fatty acids. Furthermore, the higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-3-fatty-acids contribute to a better metabolic control. In this review we report the relationship between gut microbiota and T1DM and we explore the effects of Mediterranean diet on microbiota as a potential therapeutic strategy, aimed at preventing or delaying progression of T1DM and its complications.

scholarly journals The profile of plasma non-esterified fatty acids in children with different terms of type 1 diabetes mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Akmurzina ◽  
E.E. Petryairina ◽  
S.V. Saveliev ◽  
A.A. Selishcheva
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

Composition and quantitative content of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were investigated in plasma samples of healthy children (12) and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) (31) by gas chromatography (GC) after preliminary NEFA solid-phase extraction from plasma lipids. There was a significant (p<0.001) 1.6-fold increase in the total level of NEFA regardless of the disease duration. In the group of DM1 children with the disease period less than 1 year there was an increase in the arachidonic acid (20:4) content (30%) and the oleic acid trans-isomer (18:1) content (82%), and also a decrease in the docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n3) content (26% ) and the docosapentaenoic acids (22:5 n-6) content (60%). In the group of DM1 children with prolonged course of this disease the altered NEFA levels returned to the normal level

scholarly journals Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels and Lipid Profile in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Precipitating Factorsin Diabetic Ketoacidosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Chilumula Monica ◽  
Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Precipitating Factors

Background: Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus is the most common endocrine-metabolic disorder of childhood and adolescence. The diseases has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 2500 children at age 5 years to approximately 1 in 300 children by age 18 years. A recent study from Madras suggests that diabetes in Indian children is present in a frequency of 10.5 per 1,00,000 patient years. Prevalence of childhood diabetes among urban population in India is 0.26 per 1000. Type-1 diabetes constituted nearly 90 to 100% of all children with diabetes. Objective: The objectives of this research were to study the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profile in type 1 diabetes mellitus in children attending Gandhi Hospital Secunderabad, Telangana and to study the precipitating factors in Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Subjects and Methods:Design: This was a Cross-Sectional study. Duration: One year and six months i.e. from January 2017 to June 2018. Participants: 50 diabetic children of age less than 18 years attending Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad, Telangana were included in the study.The diabetic cases were studied using a predesigned and pretested proforma. A detailed clinical examination was carried out with detailed anthropometric measurements and necessary lab investigations were done. Metabolic profile was assessed by investigating for blood sugar levels, glycosylated hemoglobin, and lipid profile. Rates, ratios and percentages of presentations and significance were calculated using Chi-square test.Result:48 % cases had onset of diabetes Mellitus at 13-18 years with Male: female ratio of 1.27: 1. 20 % had family history of diabetes. 16 % children had normal nutrition, 20 % children had grade I and grade II, 38% had grade III and 6 % children had grade IV. 54% children had glycosylated hemoglobin level of more than 10% indicating poor glycemic control, 32 % had fair control, and 14 % had good glycosylated hemoglobin levels. 62 % presented with fever , 40 % presented with symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia, 37.5 % presented with vomiting, 18 % children with loose stools, abdominal pain, 20 % children had breathlessness, 6% presented with seizures. 88.9% were diagnosed to have diabetic ketoacidosis as their initial presentation of diabetes mellitus Causes for precipitating factors of diabetic ketoacidosis were associated infections like pneumonia (22 %) and urinary tract infection(16 %), Non availability of insulin doses (25%), non-acceptance by child (16.66 %). Recurrent hospitalization in the patients with 5 years diabetic duration was statistically significant. Common causes being hypoglycemia (38 %) recurrent DKA (24 %), pneumonia (12 %) and urinary tract infections (8 %). 23.52% cases were non-compliant.Conclusion:More than half of the cases(54%) had poor glycemic control. Majority presented with classical symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fever, breathlessness and diabetic ketoacidosis as clinical presentation. Causes for precipitating factors of diabetic ketoacidosis were associated infections like pneumonia and urinary tract infection, non-availability of insulin doses and non- acceptance by child.

scholarly journals The Effects of Energy Intake, Insulin Therapy and Physical Activity on Glucose Homeostasis in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

10.5772/57590 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Żebrowska ◽  
Marcin Sikora ◽  
Przemysława Jarosz-Chobot ◽  
Barbara Głuchowska ◽  
Michał Plewa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis

scholarly journals Investigation of Lactobacillus Casei and Lactobacillus Acidophilus Amount at Gut Microbiota from Adult Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Mehmet Demirci ◽  
◽  
Fatma Ela Temeloglu Keskin ◽  
Zeynep Taner ◽  
Mucahit Ozyazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Adult Type

Relationship of magnesium level with glycemic control and lipid profile in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Andac ◽  
Mehmet Celik ◽  
Buket Yilmaz Bulbul ◽  
Burak Andac ◽  
Dudu Merve Durak
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Magnesium Level ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Lipid Profile in Adolescent Girls with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperandrogenemia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zachurzok ◽  
Grazyna Deja ◽  
Aneta Gawlik ◽  
Agnieszka Drosdzol-Cop ◽  
Katarzyna Klimek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Free Androgen Index ◽  
High Density Cholesterol

Study Objectives. The study aim was to evaluate whether hyperandrogenemia in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may adversely influence lipid profile.Design and Participants. Lipid levels in 16 diabetic girls with biochemical hyperandrogenemia (T1DM-H) aged 16.3 ± 1.2 years were compared to 38 diabetic girls with normal androgen levels (T1DM-N) aged 15.8 ± 1.2 years. 15 healthy girls served as controls (CG). In all patients, anthropometric measurements were done, and androgens and SHBG were assessed.Results. In T1DM-H, total cholesterol (TC) and low density cholesterol (LDL-ch) were significantly higher than in CG (196.1 ± 41.2 versus 162.7 ± 31.7 mg/dL,p=0.01; 117.3 ± 33.1 versus 91.3 ± 27.8 mg/dL,p=0.01, resp.). Their LDL-ch, non-high density cholesterol (non-HDL-ch) concentrations, and LDL/HDL ratio were also significantly higher than in T1DM-N (117.3 ± 33.1 versus 97.7 ± 26.7 mg/dL,p=0.03; 137.3 ± 42.9 versus 113.3 ± 40.4 mg/dL,p=0.04; 2.8 ± 3.7 versus 1.6 ± 0.5,p=0.04, resp.). In stepwise multiple linear regression, free androgen index (FAI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were associated with TC (R2=0.4,p<0.0006), non-HDL-ch (R2=0.4,p<0.0003), and LDL-ch (R2=0.4,p<0.0008). Triglycerides and LDL/HDL ratio were (R2=0.7,p<0.0001,R2=0.6,p<0.0003resp.) related to testosterone, FAI, WHR, and mean HbA1c.Conclusion. Lipid profile in diabetic adolescent girls is adversely influenced by the androgens level, particularly in the group with higher WHR and poorer glycemic control.

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