scholarly journals Micropropagation of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Ashebir Seyoum Feyisa
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Plant Growth Hormones ◽  
Culture Techniques

Cassava is a vital crop to the food security of millions of people worldwide, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Because the crop produced a reasonable yield on marginal soils, it could help relieve global hunger. As a result, increasing cassava output and its quality attributes are significant. However, the low multiplication rate of this main crop has resulted in the delayed dissemination of improved varieties among farmers. As a result, tissue culture techniques may be a feasible solution for overcoming these challenges. Cassava in vitro propagation had done using either the shoots multiplication technique or somatic embryogenesis. However, the shoot multiplication approach is preferable since it retains clonal fidelity. Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis entailed the use of numerous basal media containing various plant growth hormones. Several studies found that each type of cassava clone required a unique protocol to achieve optimal shoot initiation, shoot multiplication, root induction, and elongation. This review describes recent research on cassava micropropagation that makes use of a variety of experimental systems. While each of these systems focuses on a different aspect of technique, they can be significant in understanding the in vitro production of cassava planting material.

scholarly journals Protocol Optimization for Rapid Multiplication of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) using the Nodal Segment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashebir Seyoum Feyisa
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Cassava is a vital food security crop for millions of people, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Since the crop produces a reasonable yield on marginal soils, it could help alleviate world hunger. Consequently, the increase in cassava production and its quality characteristics are significant. However, the low multiplication rate of this main crop has delayed the spread of improved varieties among farmers. As a result, tissue culture techniques can be a viable solution to overcome these challenges. Methods: The study used a nodal segment as an explant to evaluate different concentrations of BAP and NAA for an efficient, cost-effective in vitro mass multiplication of the AWC-1 cassava variety. CuSO4, commercial bleach and ethanol had used to sterilize nodal explants taken from greenhouse-grown plants at various time intervals. Result: The best medium for micro shoots induction had found to be medium without growth regulators. Among different treatments used for shoot multiplication purposes, the maximum shoot number has been recorded on M.S. medium supplemented with 0.75 mg/l BAP and 0.2 mg/l NAA. Medium with 0.5 mg/l NAA concentration was the best for rooting induction. A survival rate of 86% has obtained in the greenhouse and the plantlets appeared to be morphologically normal.

scholarly journals An efficient in vitro propagation protocol for snowdrop anemone (Anemone sylvestris L.) 

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Šedivá ◽  
Pavla Zahumenická ◽  
Eloy Fernández Cusimamani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

This study investigated in vitro production of diploid (AS2) and tetraploid (AS4) cytotypes of snowdrop anemone. The effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on in vitro shoot multiplication and rooting was investigated. The effect of activated charcoal (AC) on root induction was also studied. Ploidy level affected growth characteristics during multiplication and rooting. Shoot induction in AS4 was higher on medium supplemented with cytokinin (3.2–3.6), while the AS2 clone formed the most shoots on PGR-free medium (3.6). The highest rooting percentage was achieved on PGR-free medium in both genotypes (AS2 clone, 100% and AS4 clone, 93.3%). The addition of AC to the PGR media largely increased root induction and root length. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatised in the greenhouse with 100% survival. Thus, the described micropropagation protocol represents a rapid and effective in vitro propagation method for utilisation in horticulture and conservation programmes of snowdrop anemone.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Cyclopia genistoides, an Endemic South African Plant of Economic Importance

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kokotkiewicz ◽  
Maria Luczkiewicz ◽  
Anna Hering ◽  
Renata Ochocka ◽  
Krzysztof Gorynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Shoot Cultures

An efficient micropropagation protocol of Cyclopia genistoides (L.) Vent., an indigenous South African shrub of economic importance, was established. In vitro shoot cultures were obtained from shoot tip fragments of sterile seedlings cultured on solid Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with 9.84 μM 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine (2iP) and 1.0 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). Maximum shoot multiplication rate [(8.2 ± 1.3) microshoots/explant)] was observed on this medium composition. Prior to rooting, the multiplied shoots were elongated for 60 days (two 30-days passages) on SH medium with one-half sucrose concentration, supplemented with 4.92 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The rooting of explants was only possible in the case of the elongated shoots. The highest root induction rate (54.8%) was achieved on solid SH medium with one-half sucrose and one-half potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate concentration, respectively, supplemented with 28.54 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 260.25 μM citric acid. The plantlets were acclimatized for 30 days in the glasshouse, with the use of peat/gravel/perlite substrate (1:1:1). The highest acclimatization rate (80%) was obtained for explants rooted with the use of IAA-supplemented medium. The phytochemical profile of the regenerated plants was similar to that of the reference intact plant material. HPLC analyses showed that C. genistoides plantlets obtained by the micropropagation procedure kept the ability to produce xanthones (mangiferin and isomangiferin) and the fl avanone hesperidin, characteristic of wild-growing shrubs.

scholarly journals EXPLOITATION OF PLANT EXTRACTS (STEM AND ROOT) OF MICROPROPAGATED BACOPA MONNIERI : ANTIMYCOTIC POTENTIAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
MRRIDULA DANGI NARWAL
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Bacopa Monnieri ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Bacopa monnieri is commonly called as brahmi or jal brahmi in India. Brahmi is a non-aromatic herb Brahmi is considered as the herb played a very important role in Ayurvedic medicine. It is found easily India, Australia, Europe, Africa, Asia. Bacopa monnieri (L) belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae is an amphibious plant of tropical and normally found growing on the banks of the rivers and lakes. It is commonly called as brahmi or jal brahmi in India. Brahmi is considered as the main rejuvenating herb played a very important role in Ayurvedic therapies. It also has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, epilepsy, anticancer, antioxidant activities and recently antimycotic preoperty has been reported. The micro propagation protocol of the medicinally important plant Bacopa monnieri was standardized using nodal segments as explants. They were surface sterilized with HgCl2 (0.1%) for 3 minutes prior to inoculation on MS media supplemented with BAP (0.5- 2.5 mg/l); IAA (0.1-0.5 mg/l for shooting,1.0-1.5 mg/l for rooting); NAA (0.1- 0.5 mg/l for shooting, 1.0-1.5 mg/l for rooting). The best performance for shoot multiplication was showed in MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IAA. In this combination the number of shoots per explant was 16 and average length of shoot 5.54 ± 0.54 cm. But when different concentrations of NAA were applied along with 1.5 mg/l BAP the number of shoots per explant was 14 and average shoot length was 3.46 ± 0.43 on media. For root induction, best rooting was observed with half strength of MS medium supplemented with IAA (1.0 mg/l). In this combination, it was observed that the number of roots was 12 and average root length of 2.80 ± 0.09. The present study is a stepping stone for in vitro production of required active principles of Bacopa monnieri.

scholarly journals PERBANYAKAN TANAMAN HIAS AIR Bacopa australis SECARA IN VITRO PADA BERBAGAI FORMULASI HORMON MEDIA PERTUMBUHAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Rossa Yunita ◽  
Endang Gati Lestari ◽  
Mastur Mastur ◽  
Media Fitri Isma Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Successful Establishment

Suksesnya pembentukan indukan (mother plant) tanaman hias air Bacopa australis pada penelitian sebelumnya, mendorong perbanyakan tanaman dengan menggunakan teknik kultur in vitro secara massal untuk menghasilkan bibit Bacopa australis dalam jumlah yang banyak dan relatif lebih cepat. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan formulasi media yang tepat untuk induksi tunas, multiplikasi tunas, dan induksi perakaran yang cepat secara in vitro dari Bacopa australis. Penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga tahapan kegiatan, yaitu induksi tunas, multiplikasi tunas, dan induksi akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan formulasi media yang terbaik induksi tunas Bacopa australis secara in vitro adalah MS + BA 0,3 mg/L. Formulasi media yang optimal untuk multiplikasi tunas adalah MS + BA 0,5 mg/L + Thidiazuron 0,1 mg/L dan induksi perakaran adalah MS + IBA 0,5 mg/L.The successful establishment of mother plant Bacopa australis in the previously related research opens an opportunity to produce relatively fast and in large quantities Bacopa australis seeds using in vitro mass culture techniques. The objective of the study was to determine suitable formulated media for shoot induction, shoot multiplication, and root induction of Bacopa australis. This study consisted of three research stages, namely shoot induction, shoot multiplication, and root induction. The results showed that the best formulated media for in vitro Bacopa australis shoot induction was MS + BA 0.3 mg/L. The optimal formulated media for shoot multiplication was MS + BA 0.5 mg/L + Thidiazuron 0.1 mg/L and for root induction was MS + IBA 0.5 mg/L.

scholarly journals In Vitro Micropropagation of the Medicinal Plant Physalis angulata L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-163
Author(s):  
Owk ANIEL KUMAR ◽  
Songa RAMESH ◽  
Sape SUBBA TATA
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Medicinal Herb ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Physalis Angulata

Physalis angulata L. is an important medicinal herb. An efficient direct adventitious plant regeneration protocol was developed for large scale propagation using leaf disc as explants. The explants were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.25-3.0 mg/L 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) for primary shoot proliferation. Inclusion of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) in the culture medium along with BAP promoted a higher rate of shoot multiplication. The maximum number of shoots was produced in MS + BAP (1.0 mg/L) + IAA (0.5 mg/L) + GA3 (0.20 mg/L) after the third subculture. An average of 152.8 ± 0.40 shoots were produced from each leaf disc. For root induction the shootlets were transferred to MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The highest percentage of root induction was observed in 1.0 mg/L (IBA). Rooted plants were successfully established in the soil after hardening. The survival percentage of rooted plants on soil was found to be 85%. This result will facilitate the conservation and propagation of the important medicinal herb Physalis angulata L.

scholarly journals Assessment of In-vitro culture through Nodal explants of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Abha Jha ◽  
◽  
Sunila Das ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Dendrocalamus Hamiltonii

The present experimental study was aimed to overcome the traditional methods of propagation that limit the number of propagules by in-vitro regeneration through nodal explants of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii with a comparative study of growth regulators during the shooting and rooting process. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii is distributed from the Himalayas (Nepal) to the northern part of Burma. Collection of explants was done from different selected sites of CPTs. There was the use of HgCl2 and Ca (OCl)2 as sterilizing agents in different concentrations and its effect was visualized during the sprouting stage. Culm explants were cultured in a bottle containing White media (Wm) supplemented with BA and Kinetin for sprouting and IAA, IBA, NAA for rooting. There is also the use of IAA+IBA+NAA in combined form as a supplementary solution 0.1% HgCl2 treatment for 20-minute results into77.80% aseptic buds and 72% bud -break. Among the used growth-hormones, BA with concentration 0.25mg/l and 0.50mg/l respectively were appropriate for shoot-multiplication rate, 4.01±0.3 and 4.3±0.4 were ideal observation incorporation with BA (1.00mg/l) and BA (1.50mg/l) respectively. Maximum sprouting rate14.77±3.37with application of BA (2.00mg/l) and maximum shoot length4.3±0.4 is observed at BA (1.50mg/l). The applications of rooting hormone IAA+IBA+NAA in the concentration of 1.0 mg/l results in 72.5±0.3(rooting) and 11.1±0.3 (av. No. of the root).

scholarly journals In Vitro Micropropagation of Orchid (Vanda tessellata L.) from Shoot Tip Explant

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
MF Hasan ◽  
R Das ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
M Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Culture Techniques

Context: Orchid produces a huge number of minute seeds but the seeds can not germinate easily in nature due to the lack of endosperm in the seeds is an incompatibility barrier that limits its propagation in nature. Objectives: To develop in vitro culture techniques for quick propagation of Vanda tessellate, a commercially important orchid species. Materials and Methods: Shoot tips were used as experimental materials. The explants were surface sterilized and the shoot tips were excised. The isolated shoot tips were cultured in MS medium supplemented with different concentration and combinations of auxin and cytokinin. Results: The combination of 1.5 mgl-1 NAA and 1.0 mgl-1 BAP was proved to be the best medium formulation for multiple shoot formation as well as maximum shoot elongation. The single shoots were isolated from the multiple shoots and subcultured in MS medium having NAA and IBA individually and in combinations for root induction. Maximum root induction was obtained in MS agarified medium having 0.5 mgl-1NAA and 1.0 mgl-1IBA. The well rooted plantlets were hardened successfully in the potting mixture containing coconut husk, perlite, charcoal, brick pieces in the ratio of 2:1:1:1 and eventually established under natural condition.Conclusion: An efficient regeneration protocol for micropropagation in V. tessellata through shoot tip culture has been established.Key words: Shoot tip; micropropagation; orchid.DOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7122J. bio-sci. 17: 139-144, 2009

High in vitro shoot proliferation in the apple cultivar Jonagold induced by benzyladenine analogues

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Magyar-Tábori ◽  
J. Dobránszki ◽  
E. Jámbor-Benczúr
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Proliferation

The in vitro shoot multiplication of apple cv. Jonagold was tested on media containing benzyladenine, benzyladenine riboside or meta-topolin in different concentrations (from 0.0 to 5.0 mg l-1). The optimal concentration for the best multiplication varied according to the type of cytokinin. The highest multiplication rate (on average 6.9 and 5.9 new shoots per explant) was achieved using 5.0 mg l-1 meta-topolin or 2.0 mg l-1 benzyladenine riboside. The longest shoots were formed on media containing benzyladenine riboside at a concentration of 0.5 mg l-1. The length of newly developed shoots was strongly suppressed by high concentrations of different cytokinins, but the suppression effect of a high concentration of meta-topolin on shoot length was less than that of benzyladenine or benzyladenine riboside. In this study meta-topolin and benzyladenine riboside proved to be effective cytokinins to induce adequate shoot proliferation, while benzyladenine was the least active cytokinin

scholarly journals In vitro Regeneration and Callogenesis of Libidibia ferrea

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Daniel da Silva ◽  
Angela Maria Imakawa ◽  
Kamylla Rosas Vieira Guedes ◽  
Flávio Mauro Souza Bruno ◽  
Paulo de Tarso Barbosa Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Blue Led ◽  
Friable Callus

Libidibia ferrea (Fabaceae) is a valuable medicinal species in the Amazon, but as it is a protected plant, collection from natural populations is forbidden. Therefore, establishing an efficient system for in vitro regeneration and to improve callogenesis of this species is desirable. To determine the optimal nutritional factors needed for shoot multiplication and callus induction, different culture media, plant growth regulators and LED light sources were tested. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means compared by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05. We observe that explants inoculated in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 0.05 mg L-1 of 6-benzilaminopurine (BAP) and cultivated under red-blue LED induced the highest number of shoots (3.67), number of buds (3.13), multiplication rate (15.67) and shoots length (22.03 mm) when compared with other treatments. MS and B5 media supplemented with 2.21 and 4.42 mg L-1 of 2,4-D induced 100% formation of friable callus cultivated under red-blue LED, demonstrating that the light quality significantly influenced callogenesis. Obtained results confirmed that in vitro regeneration and callogenesis is a useful strategy in the protection of endangered species. In this way, a new renewable source of biomass with high quality plant material is presented aiming at the bioprospecting of seedling extracts and friable callus to obtain secondary metabolites of this medicinal plant.

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