scholarly journals Behaviour of longitudinally stiffened stainless-steel plate girder under combined bending and shear

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajith Chandran T ◽  
Ajith M S
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Stainless Steel Plate ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Longitudinal Stiffener ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plate Girder

Due to the high corrosion resistance, the use of stainless steel is increased in a wide range of environment in the last two decades. The behaviour of stainless steel is different from that of carbon steel, especially in a stress-strain relationship. Stainless steel has a rounded stress-strain curve, whereas carbon steel exhibits a sharp yield point in the stress-strain curve. Stainless steel has better strain hardening capacity and possesses high ductility. Stiffeners are generally utilised in plate girder for increasing the load-carrying capacity by providing better resistance against buckling of web panels. The existing study related to austenitic stainless steel plate girder studied the effect of longitudinal stiffener placed at the centre of the web panel alone. Present work uses to optimise position of longitudinal stiffener in stainless steel plate girder subjected to combined bending and shear. The behaviour is analysed by using finite element software ABAQUS. The optimum location for longitudinal stiffener in long-span stainless steel plate girder under combined bending and shear was identified and compared the results with the standard design codes.

Fatigue in Rubber. Part II

1939 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. S. Naunton ◽  
J. R. S. Waring
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Viscous Resistance ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rubber Part

Abstract 1. An apparatus is described for measuring the modulus and resilience of rubber over a wide range of frequencies. 2. These measurements can be made at any point in the stress-strain curve of the sample. 3. By increasing the power input, the same apparatus can be used to induce high frequency fatigue in the sample. 4. The earlier work with the torsion head apparatus has been confirmed, namely, that internal friction is greatest near zero strain. 5. High frequency resilience is more independent of degree of vulcanization than tripsometer resilience. 6. Modulus tends to increase with frequency. The effect is least with a rubber gum stock and is greater with compounds containing gas black. 7. Resilience decreases with frequency both in gum and gas black compounds. The decrease is more rapid in the gum compounds. 8. Viscous resistance decreases with frequency and becomes constant at higher frequencies. 9. The modulus of both rubber and Neoprene carbon black compounds decreases with fatigue. 10. The change in modulus with frequency in fatigued stocks is exactly analogous to the change before fatigue in rubber, but there is a slight divergence in the case of Neoprene.

High Strain Rate Test of a Steel Plate under Blast Loading from High Explosive

2013 ◽  
Vol 767 ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tei Saburi ◽  
Shiro Kubota ◽  
Yuji Wada ◽  
Tatsuya Kumaki ◽  
Masatake Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Dynamic Stress ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Time Deformation ◽  
Rate Test ◽  
High Strain Rate Test

In this study, a high strain rate test method of a steel plate under blast loading from high explosive was designed and was conducted by a combined experimental/numerical approach to facilitate the estimation process for the dynamic stress-strain curve under practical strain rate conditions. The steel plate was subjected to a blast load, which was generated by Composition C4 explosive and the dynamic deformation of the plate was observed with a high-speed video camera. Time-deformation relations were acquired by image analysis. A numerical simulation for the dynamic behaviors of the plate identical to the experimental condition was conducted using a coupling analysis of finite element method (FEM) and discrete particle method (DPM). Explosives were modeled by discrete particles and the steel plate and other materials were modeled by finite element. The blast load on the plate was described fluid-structure interaction (FSI) between DPM and FEM. As inverse analysis scheme to estimate dynamic stress-strain curve, an evaluation using a quasistatic data was conducted. In addition, two types of approximations for stress-strain curve were assumed and optimized by least square method. One is a 2-piece approximation, and was optimized by least squares method using a yield stress and a tangent modulus as parameters. The other is a continuous piecewise linear approximation, in which a stress-strain curve was divided into some segments based on experimental time-deformation relation, and was sequentially optimized using youngs modulus or yield stress as parameter. The results showed that the piecewise approximation can gives reasonably agreement with SS curve obtained from the experiment.

scholarly journals Modification of Charpy machine for the acquisition of stress-strain curve in thermoplastics

DYNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (213) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Zabala Gualtero ◽  
Ulises Figueroa López ◽  
Andrea Guevara Morales ◽  
Alejandro Rojo Valerio
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plastic Components ◽  
Impact Simulations

Simulations of impact events in the automotive industry are now common practice. Vehicle crashworthiness simulations on plastic components cover a wide range of strain rates from 0.01 to 500 s-1. Because plastics mechanical properties are very dependent on strain rate, developing experimental methods for generating stress-strain curves at this strain rate range is of great technological importance. In this paper, a modified Charpy machine capable of acquiring useful information to obtain the stress-strain curve is presented. Strain rates between 300 to 400 s-1 were achieved. Three thermoplastics were tested: high-density polyethylene, polypropylene-copolymer and polypropylene-homopolymer. Impact simulations using LS-DYNA were performed using the acquired high-strain rates stress-strain curves and compared with experimental data. Simulations using stress-strain curves from quasi-static tests were also performed for comparison. Very good agreement between the simulation and experimental results was found when the ASTM D1822 type S specimen was used for testing each material.

Layered fracture prediction of QStE700 medium-thickness steel plate under tensile loading

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440542097803
Author(s):  
Chuanmin Zhu ◽  
Peng Gu ◽  
Yiqing Yu ◽  
Zhan Tao ◽  
Heng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Steel Plate ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Equivalent Strain ◽  
True Stress ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Medium Thickness

Layered fracture frequently occurs in the deforming process of QStE700 medium-thickness steel plates under tensile loading. In this study, the morphology of a layered fracture was observed via scanning electron microscopy, and the mechanism of the layered fracture was also analyzed. Based on the three-dimensional digital image correlation technique, a section analysis method was adopted for determining the true stress–strain curve including the necking process. A modified Bridgeman’s equation was adopted to transform the true stress–strain curve into the equivalent stress–strain curve. At the time of layered fracture occurrence, the equivalent strain and stress triaxiality of differently shaped specimens were obtained and fitted to a linear exponential relationship equation. The equation was the layered fracture criterion function and combined with the finite element method (FEM) simulations for determining the damage criterion of the layered fracture of a certain specimen. The FEM-simulated equivalent strain was consistent with the experimental equivalent strain of the layered fracture. Summarizing, the proposed method to predict the layered fracture of a QStE700 medium-thickness steel plate is effective and can be adopted in the study and control of layered fracture.

Use of Chip Tension to Obtain a Stress-Strain Curve From Metal Cutting Tests

1963 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Finnie ◽  
J. Wolak
Keyword(s):  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Commercial Purity ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shear Strains ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Commercial Purity Aluminum

By pulling the chip at various angles during metal cutting, it has been possible to greatly decrease the shear strains and thus to obtain a wide range of shear strains with a single tool. Using this technique, stress-strain curves for commercial purity aluminum have been obtained at −320 deg F (78 deg K) and 68 deg F (293 deg K). These results lie above those obtained from compression tests on the same material and the difference is ascribed largely to strain rate. Limits are imposed on the chip-pulling technique by an instability which appears when the direction of pulling makes too great an angle with the tool face and by fracture.

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