Physical and mechanical properties of mortars containing date palm fibers

This paper presents the results of a study conducted to investigate the effects of incorporating Sefri Date Palm Leave Fibers (SDPLF) into the mortar. A total of seven mixtures were prepared and tested. SDPLF were collected from local farms. The fibers were then cleaned, dried, and cut to different sizes of 10 mm, 20 mm, and 50 mm, maintaining the same individual fiber width of approximately 5±2 mm. The content of SDPLF in mortars was kept to 1% and 3% by mass. The physical and mechanical properties of SDPLF fibers and SDPLF mortars were investigated. The compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days was determined. The water absorption rate test was carried out on mortars containing 1% SDPLF fibers. The results showed that mortars with SDPLF have lower workability, lower density, and lower compressive strength as compared to control mortars. However, they are still acceptable for use in construction works. Mortars containing 10 mm and 20 mm SDPLF fibers by mass showed significant improvement in terms of water absorption rate as compared to the control mortar.

Karakteristik dan Evaluasi Granul Ekstrak Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dengan Metode Granulasi Basah

Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) is a medicinal plant that has the effect of being a source of natural antioxidants that can counteract free radicals in the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of Kersen leaf extract granules (Muntingia calabura L.) which can meet the physical requirements of good granules. The method of making granules is by using the wet granulation method. The evaluation of the granules carried out includes tests of moisture content, flow rate, angle of repose, and compressibility. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively by referring to the literature on the Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy Editions II and III as well as Pharmaceutical Technology Textbooks. The granule characteristics of all formulas meet the requirements of a good granule evaluation test. The characteristics of the granules that are close to perfect are in formula II with 20% Avicel pH 101 and 10% Amprotab. The results of the evaluation of the granules obtained were 1.00% water content test, 19.08 gr/second flow rate test, 26.92˚ angle of repose test, 9.80% compressibility test.Keywords: Kersen Leaf Extract, Granules, Characteristics. AbstrakKersen (Muntingia calabura L.) adalah tanaman obat yang mempunyai efek sebagai sumber antioksidan alami yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas dalam tubuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui karakteristik granul ekstrak daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) yang dapat memenuhi persyaratan fisik granul yang baik. Metode pembuatan granul yaitu dengan menggunakan metode granulasi basah. Evalusi granul yang dilakukan yaitu meliputi uji kadar air, laju aliran, sudut diam, dan kompresibilitas. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan mengacu pada literatur buku Teori dan Praktek Farmasi Industri Edisi II dan III serta buku Pelajaran Teknologi Farmasi. Karakteristik granul semua formula memenuhi syarat dalam uji evaluasi granul yang baik. Karakteristik granul yang mendekati sempurna yaitu pada formula II dengan kadar avicel ph 101 20% dan amprotab 10%. Hasil evaluasi granul yang didapat yaitu uji kadar air 1,00%, uji laju alir 19,08 gr/detik, uji sudut diam 26,92˚, uji kompresibilitas 9,80%. Kata kunci: Ekstrak Daun Kersen, Granul, Karakteristik.

Novel Sand Conglomeration Treatment Prevents Sand Production and Enhances Well Productivity: Offshore Caspian Case Study

Many oil producing wells, globally, experience sand production problems when reservoir rock consists of unconsolidated sand. Several wells in the Dzheitune oil field are experiencing a similar challenge. Production of formation fines and sand has caused accumulation of fill and wellbore equipment failures and has necessitated periodical and costly coiled tubing-assisted wellbore cleanout operations. A novel chemical treatment tested in the oil field to tackle the challenge led to positive results. A well with a relatively short target perforation interval was selected as a candidate for the trial sand conglomeration treatment to avoid any uncertainties related to zone coverage. Pre-requisite sand agglomeration and chemical-crude oil compatibility laboratory studies were carried out to optimize the main system and preflush fluid formulations. Once the laboratory testing was complete, a step-rate test was performed to determine the maximum injection rate below formation fracturing pressure. The chemical systems were prepared using standard blending equipment. The preflush fluid was injected to prepare the treated zone. The main fluid was then injected into the reservoir in several cycles at matrix rate by a bullheading process. Upon completion of the treatment, the well was shut in for several days for optimal agglomeration (conglomeration) before the well was slowly put on production. A long-term increase in the productivity index and sand-free flow rate with no damage to the wellbore or the reservoir were observed. The technology demonstrated its efficiency in preventing and controlling sand production; avoiding frequent, time-consuming, costly wellbore cleanout operations; and producing hydrocarbons at reduced drawdown pressure.

Price Risk Measurement of China’s Soybean Futures Market Based on the VAR-GJR-GARCH Model

As one of the main forces in the futures market, agricultural product futures occupy an important position in China’s market. As China’s futures market started late and its maturity was low, there are many risks. This study focuses on the Dalian soybean futures market. Dynamic risk measurement models were established to empirically analyze risk measurement problems under different confidence levels. Then, the conditional variance calculated by the volatility model was introduced into the value-at-risk model, and the accuracy of the risk measurement was tested using the failure rate test model. The empirical results show that the risk values calculated by the established models at the 99% and 95% confidence levels are more valuable through the failure rate test, and the risk of China’s soybean futures market can be measured more accurately. The characteristics of “peak thick tail” and “leverage effect” are added to the combination model to calculate the conditional variance more accurately. The failure rate test method is used to test the model, which enriches the research problem of risk measurement.

Flourishing Production Optimization thru the Development of an Enhanced Testing Validity Methodology

Rate testing has evolved over the years. From a simple composite separator system, the scope of rate testing has morphed into a broad spectrum of sophisticated downhole and surface technologies. Knowing well behavior, performance, and associated rate are the key factors of operating an entire field with the most reliable operating strategy, assuring maximum well-life time. In regard to well modeling and optimization, valid rate test data are crucial to predict well performance efficiently. An in-house rate testing mechanism was developed to ensure proper delivery, accuracy, and validity of rate tests. The mechanism comprises a rate testing procedure and decision-making tree. The rate testing procedure includes regular checks of rate testing data reports. Also, the immediate resolution of rate testing equipment or communication issues is implemented through the utilization of an MPFM Advanced Monitoring System with automated logics. A decision-making tree constitutes pre- and post-testing process phases. The pre-testing process phase involves an assessment for rate testing readiness in terms of testing equipment and communication. The post-testing process phase includes an assessment for testing operation and rate test validity where rate test data are checked and validated based on production operational status. The enhanced testing mechanism is a user-friendly guideline for testing requirements to ensure the completion of tests captured from testing equipment. The proper implementation of this rate testing mechanism enabled a high quality and accuracy of rate test data, resulting in an increase in rate testing validity by 30%. Also, the rate testing mechanism inspired a culture of continuous effective communication for all involved parties during the testing operation. The decision-making tree transforms the validation process from subjective thinking to a systematic workflow while integrating data from nearby wells with similar behavior. A high ownership level is exhibited by taking the immediate resolution of issues results in achieving high rate testing validity percentage. Running the process through standardized operating procedures is critical in generating consistent and predictable results of well performance. Additionally, accurate optimization and prediction of well performance have been realized by feeding the well model's data before and after attaining valid rate test data, which attests to the quality of the proposed rate testing mechanism. Considering the importance of having a strategic rate testing mechanism, it is highly advised to have more frequent measurements to raise the accuracy of the measurements presented. An ideal strategic rate testing mechanism has to be economical enough to be placed in many production wells, allow the tests to be performed in an organized manner, improve measurement accuracy, and, more importantly, achieve automated and supervised well tests processes.

Evaluasi Granul Ekstrak Daun Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) dengan Menggunakan Metode Granulasi Basah

Jackfruit leaf (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) is a potential plant that has passed pharmacological studies showing its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antihypertensive, and diuretic activities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the granules of jackfruit leaf extract (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) met the physical requirements of good granules. The first step in this research is to carry out the simplicia extraction process of jackfruit leaves using the maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent. And in the manufacture of granules using the wet granulation method. In the study, the results of the evaluation of the granules of the angle of repose of formula I and formula IV were 24,220, formula II and formula III were 26,380. The average Granule Flow Rate Test for formula I is 3.4 seconds, formula II averages 2.91 seconds, formula III averages 2.59, and formula IV averages 2.75 seconds and falls into the cohesive range. The water content test in formulas I, II, III, and IV was 1%. And in the compressibility test of formula I the results are 11%, formula II is 7.85%, formula III is 8.99%, and formula IV is 3.92%. From these data, it can be concluded that the granules in formulas I, II, III, and IV have good physical properties because in the physical properties test all formulas meet the requirements.Keywords: Jackfruit leaves; granule evaluation; granules; wet granulation. AbstrakDaun Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) adalah tanaman potensial yang telah melewati studi farmakologi yang menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antiinflamasi, antibakteri, antivirus, antikanker, antihipertensi, dan diuretik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui apakah granul ekstrak daun nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) memenuhi persyaratan fisik granul yang baik. Langkah pertama pada penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan proses ekstraksi simplisia daun nangka menggunakan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Dan pada pembuatan granul dengan menggunakan metode granulasi basah. Pada penelitian didapatkan hasil evaluasi granul sudut diam formula I dan formula IV hasilnya 24,220, formula II dan formula III hasilnya 26,380. Uji Laju Alir Granul formula I rata-ratanya 3,4 detik, formula II rata-ratanya 2,91 detik, formula III rata-ratanya 2,59, dan formula IV rata-ratanya 2,75 detik dan masuk kedalam rentang kohesif. Uji Kadar air pada formula I, II, III, dan IV hasilnya adalah 1%. Dan pada uji kompresibilitas formula I hasilnya 11%, formula II 7,85%, formula III 8,99%, dan formula IV 3,92%. Dari data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa granul pada formula I, II, III, dan IV memiliki sifat fisik yang baik karena pada uji sifat fisik granul semua formula memenuhi syarat. Kata kunci : Daun nangka; evaluasi granul; granul; granulasi basah.

EFFECT OF TRIMETAZIDINE ON HEART PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS AFTER VIRAL PNEUMONIA WITH A TEST WITH A FIXED RESPIRATORY RATE

Статья посвящена оценке динамики традиционных показателей вариабельности ритма сердца (ВРС) на фоне терапии триметазидином у больных с кардиальной патологией после перенесенной коронавирусной пневмонии при использовании методики темпа дыхания. Выполнен анализ анамнестических, клинико-лабораторных и микробиологических показателей 50 лиц мужского пола с диагнозом стабильной стенокардией напряжения II функционального класса, после перенесенной коронавирусной пневмонии с использованием аппаратно-программных комплексов. При использовании пробы с ФТД у пациентов с ИБС после перенесенной коронавирусной пневмонии на фоне терапии триметазидином было выявлено два типа реакции: первый - позитивный достоверный прирост параметров вариабельности ритма сердца, второй - U-образный вид изменения показателей ВРС: снижение при проведении методики в 6 секунд и дальнейший рост при 12 секундах. Клиническая значимость методики ФТД достаточно велика, она позволяет доктору по динамике показателей ВРС: СВВР - показатель средней взвешенной вариации ритмограммы, SDNN - показатель суммарного эффекта вегетативной регуляции кровообращения, рассуждать об адекватности восстановительного периода у постковидных пациентов с ИБС и проводить коррекцию тактики лечения. Триметазидин является эффективным антиангинальным средством в комплексной терапии пациентов со стабильной стенокардией после перенесенной коронавирусной пневмонии. На фоне лечения выявлено уменьшение числа эпизодов, а также времени ишемической депрессии, что несомненного благоприятно для пациента. При исходно низком показателе СВВР добавление триметазидина в комплексную терапию ИБС может свидетельствовать о восстановлении дисбаланса вегетативной нервной системы Purpose: to evaluate the change in heart rate variability (HRV) indicators during treatment with trimetazidine in patients with coronavirus pneumonia after coronavirus pneumonia using a fixed respiratory rate test (FTD). Material and methods. A comparative analysis of anamnestic, clinical, laboratory and microbiological indicators of 50 men with stable exertional angina of II functional class (NYHA FC) after suffering coronavirus pneumonia using hardware and software systems was carried out. Results. When using a test with PTD in patients with coronavirus pneumonia after suffering from coronavirus pneumonia during therapy with trimetazidine, two types of reaction were revealed: the first was a positive significant increase in heart rate variability parameters, the second was a U-shaped type of change in HRV parameters: a decrease in 6-second breathing and further growth with 12-second breathing. Conclusion. The practical significance of the test with FTD is quite large, it allows the doctor, by the type of change in HRV parameters: SDNN - the total effect of autonomic regulation of blood circulation, SVVR - the average weighted variation of the rhythmogram, to talk about the adequacy of the rehabilitation process of postcovid patients with IHD and to correct the treatment tactics. Trimetazidine is an effective antianginal agent in the complex treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris after suffering from coronavirus pneumonia. Against the background of therapy, there is a decrease in the number of episodes, the time of ischemic depression, which is a favorable factor. With an initially low value of SVVR, the addition of trimetazidine to the complex therapy of ischemic heart disease may indicate the restoration of a disturbed vegetative balance

Investigation of the plasma composition of a discharge with a self-heating hollow cathode and an active anode in a gas mixture with titanium and hexamethyldisilazane vapors

The analysis of composition of low-pressure (~0.1-1 mTorr) hollow cathode arc plasma in Ar+N2 gas mixture with Ti+hexamethyldisilazane vapors was carried out by optical emission spectroscopy. The influence of HMDS flow rate (1-10 g/h), discharge current (10-50 A) and Ti-vapors flow on hexamethyldisilazane decomposition degree and plasma composition and was investigated. The proposed plasma activation method provides both an intense flow and a high activation degree of metal vapors, and a sufficient decomposition degree of precursor vapors for the formation of solid TiSiCN coatings at a high deposition rate. Test coatings with a thickness of 6 microns and a hardness of 31 GPa were obtained in 1 hour at 400ºC.