<p>Determinants of Severe Acute Malnutrition Among HIV-positive Children Receiving HAART in Public Health Institutions of North Wollo Zone, Northeastern Ethiopia: Unmatched Case–Control Study</p>

BackgroundMalnutrition is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under the age of 5 years in low and middle income countries like Nepal. Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are nine times more likely to die than children without malnutrition. The prevalence of SAM has increased in Nepal over the past 15 years; however, the determinants of SAM have not been clearly assessed in the country.ObjectiveTo assess the determinants of SAM among children aged 6–59 months in the Bara district of Nepal.SettingA community-based case–control study was conducted in 12 randomly selected Village Development Committees (VDCs) of the Bara district of Nepal.ParticipantsA random sample of 292 children aged 6–59 months (146 as cases and 146 as controls) from 12 VDCs were included in this study.ResultsThe prevalence of SAM among children under the age of 5 years was 4.14%. The following factors were significantly associated with SAM: low socioeconomic status (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 17.13, 95% CI 5.85 to 50.13); mother’s age at birth <20 or >35 years (AOR 3.21, 95% CI 1.30 to 7.94); birth interval <24 months (AOR 4.09, 95% CI 1.87 to 8.97); illiterate father (AOR 3.65, 95% CI 1.62 to 8.20); bottle feeding (AOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.73 to 12.03); and not initiating complementary feeding at the age of 6 months (AOR 2.91, 95% CI 1.73 to 12.03). Mother’s educational level, initiation of breastfeeding, colostrum feeding, and exclusive breastfeeding were not significantly associated with SAM.ConclusionThe mother's age at birth, birth interval, socioeconomic status, father’s educational level and initiation of complementary feeding at the age of 6 months were important determinants of SAM among children. A multi-sector approach is essential to address SAM. There is a need for further studies not only focusing on SAM but also moderate acute malnutrition.

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Individual and household risk factors of severe acute malnutrition among under-five children in Mao, Chad: a matched case-control study

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-018-0281-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jovana Dodos ◽

Chiara Altare ◽

Mahamat Bechir ◽

Mark Myatt ◽

Brigitte Pedro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Case Control ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

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Risk factors for severe acute malnutrition in under-five children: a case-control study in a rural part of India

Public Health ◽

10.1016/j.puhe.2016.07.018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 136-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

N.N. Ambadekar ◽

S.P. Zodpey

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Case Control ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Rural Part ◽

Control Study

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Determinants of anemia among HIV positive children on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) attending hospitals of North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2019: A case-control study

10.21203/rs.2.12765/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Biruk Abate Beletew ◽

Ayelign Mengesha ◽

Mohammed Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Rural Area ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Case Control ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Amhara Region ◽

Highly Active ◽

History Of ◽

North Wollo ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Anemia is one of the most commonly observed hematological abnormalities and an independent poor prognostic marker of HIV disease. The rate of progression and mortality in this subgroup of patients is high compared to non-anemic patients. WHO estimates that over 2 billion people are anemic worldwide and young children bear the world's highest prevalence rate of anemia. In Ethiopia, there is limited information about the determinant factors associated with anemia among HIV positive children. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to assess the determinants of anemia among children on highly active anti-retroviral therapy attending hospitals of North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 350 HIV infected children on HAART attending Hospitals of North Wollo Zone, from February 1 to March 30, 2019. The study participants were selected with consecutive sampling technique. An adapted, interviewer-administered, and pre-tested questionnaire and chart review were employed to collect the data. Besides, blood and stool sample was investigated to determine hematologic indices and to investigate intestinal parasites respectively. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS version 24 statistical software and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors. Results: A total of 350 HIV positive children (117 cases and 234 controls) were included in this study with an overall response rate of 100%.On multivariate analysis, variables which have spastically significance association with anemia were; had Amebiasis (AOR = 7.29, 1.22 - 43.56), had history of opportunistic infections (AOR = 9.63, 1.94 - 47.85), had malaria infection (malaria pf) (AOR = 4.37, 1.16 - 16.42),eating non-diversified (AOR = 10.39, 2.25 - 48.0), WGT –Age Z score value between -2_-3 (AOR = 9.80, 2.46 - 39.14),level of adherence (AOR = 2.31, 1.92, 7.77) and being from rural area(AOR = 8.8, 2.07 - 37.79). Conclusion: In this study having parasitic infections, history of opportunistic infections, being malnourished, poor adherence to ART, caregivers living in the rural area and eating non-diversified foods were significantly associated with anemia among HIV positive children on HAART.This indicates the need of an integrated package of interventions to design anemia prevention program.

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