GROUNDNUT GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES TO CALCIUM AND PHOSPHOROUS FERTILIZATION

An experiment was conducted in factorial design with three replications in Nawalpur, Sarlahi, Nepal in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the impact of calcium and phosphorous application on yield and yield components of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Baidehi variety of groundnut was used. Calcium concentrations in three levels (0, 110, and 165 kg ha-1 from Gypsum) and phosphorous rates in three levels (0, 25, and 50 kg ha-1 from SSP) were used in this study. The application of calcium had a major impact on pod production, quantity of filled pods, and hundred seed weight, with 165 kg ha-1 calcium from gypsum performing significantly better than the others. The highest pod yield (2006 and 2477 kg ha-1) was obtained from calcium 165 kg ha-1 in 2018 and 2019 respectively. Calcium application (165 kg ha-1) increased the mean pod yield by 24% compared to the control. Control plots resulted in more than 13% empty pods (pops) compared to when applied with 165 kg Ca ha-1. Phosphorus was rich in the inherent soil leading to no significant effect on the yield components. According to the findings of this research, efficient fertilizer application, especially calcium and phosphorus, is critical for groundnut nutrition and pod filling.

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The role of plant-parasitic nematodes in reducing yield of sugarcane in fine-textured soils in Queensland, Australia

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea05287 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 620 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

B. L. Blair ◽

G. R. Stirling

Keyword(s):

Growth And Yield ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Population Densities ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Yield Responses ◽

The Impact ◽

Stalk Length ◽

Plant Parasitic

Damage to sugarcane caused by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is well documented in infertile coarse-textured soils, but crop losses have never been assessed in the fine-textured soils on which more than 95% of Australia’s sugarcane is grown. The impact of nematodes in these more fertile soils was assessed by repeatedly applying nematicides (aldicarb and fenamiphos) to plant and ratoon crops in 16 fields, and measuring their effects on nematode populations, sugarcane growth and yield. In untreated plant crops, mid-season population densities of lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae), root-knot nematode (M. javanica), stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus annulatus), spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus dihystera) and stubby-root nematode (Paratrichodorus minor) averaged 1065, 214, 535, 217 and 103 nematodes/200 mL soil, respectively. Lower mean nematode population densities were recorded in the first ratoon, particularly for root-knot nematode. Nematicides reduced populations of lesion nematode by 66–99% in both plant and ratoon crops, but control of root-knot nematode was inconsistent, particularly in ratoons. Nematicide treatment had a greater impact on shoot and stalk length than on shoot and stalk number. The entire community of pest nematodes appeared to be contributing to lost productivity, but stalk length and final yield responses correlated most consistently with the number of lesion nematodes controlled. Fine roots in nematicide-treated plots were healthier and more numerous than in untreated plots, and this was indicative of the reduced impact of lesion nematode. Yield responses averaged 15.3% in plant crops and 11.6% in ratoons, indicating that nematodes are subtle but significant pests of sugarcane in fine-textured soils. On the basis of these results, plant-parasitic nematodes are conservatively estimated to cost the Australian sugar industry about AU$82 million/annum.

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Pengaruh Magnesium, Boron, dan Pupuk Hayati terhadap Produktivitas Cabai serta Serangan Hama dan Penyakit (Effect of Magnesium, Boron, and Biofertilizers on Chili Pepper Productivity and Impact of Pests and Diseases)

Jurnal Hortikultura ◽

10.21082/jhort.v30n1.2020.p65-74 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Wiwin Setiawati ◽

Ahsol Hasyim ◽

Bagus Kukuh Udiarto ◽

Abdi Hudayya

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Positive Interaction ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

The Impact

Penggunaan pupuk hayati dan unsur hara makro sekunder seperti magnesium (Mg) dan hara mikro boron (B) diketahui dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan, kualitas hasil tanaman, meningkatkan unsur hara dalam tanah serta mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit. Selain itu penggunaan pupuk tersebut dapat mengurangi kebutuhan terhadap pupuk kimia sintetis. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi Mg, B, dan kombinasinya dengan pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil panen serta penekanan serangan hama dan penyakit. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang, Jawa Barat (1.250 m dpl.) dari bulan Juni 2018 sampai bulan Februari 2019. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri atas delapan perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah aplikasi Mg, B, dan kombinasi dengan pupuk hayati serta teknologi konvensional sebagai pembanding. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman dan luas kanopi), komponen hasil dan hasil serta serangan hama dan penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman cabai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi Mg, B, dan pupuk hayati yang diaplikasikan sebanyak dua kali pada umur 30 HST dan 45 HST mampu meningkatkan produktivitas cabai sebesar 21,68 ton/ha atau meningkat sebesar 54,53% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Peningkatan produktivitas cabai terjadi karena adanya perbaikan dalam komponen hasil seperti jumlah bunga, jumlah buah, panjang, dan bobot buah serta adanya penekanan terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit seperti trips, antraknosa, lalat buah, dan penggerek buah sebesar 18,10% sampai 23,93%.KeywordsCapsicum annuum; Unsur hara makro; Pupuk hayati; Produktivitas; Organisme pengganggu tumbuhanAbstractThe use of biofertilizer and macro and micro nutrients enhanced the growth and development, yield quality of vegetable crops as well as nutrient status of soil to a greater extent and to increased on pests and diseases resistance. Organic sources of nutrients including biofertilizers also economize the use of chemical fertilizers. The objectives of this study were to determine the best combination of Mg, B, and biofertilizer that increase the growth and yield of chili pepper and the impact to pest and diseases on chili pepper. The field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang, West Java from June 2018 to February 2019. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with eight treatments and four replicated. The treatments were Mg, B, and their combinations with biofertilizer compared to the conventional technologies as a control. The observations were carried out on the growth parameters (plant height and leaf canopy), yield components, pest and diseases of chili pepper. The results showed that the combinations of Mg, B, and biofertilizer increased the yield of chili up to 21.68 ton/ha or positive interaction beside beneficial agent with Mg, B, and biofertilizer package on 54.53%. Increased productivity of chili occurs because of improvements in yield components such as the number of flowers, number of fruits, fruit length and fruit weight and reduction of pest and disease attacks such as thrips, anthracnose, fruit flies and, fruit borers by 18.10% to 23.93%.

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Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to Lime and Different Levels of Sulphur

International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management ◽

10.23910/1.2020.2162a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 585-589

Author(s):

Imnatemjen Aier ◽

◽

D. Nongmaithem ◽

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Stover Yield ◽

Main Plot ◽

Different Levels ◽

Kernel Yield ◽

Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted in the Experimental Research Farm of School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD), Nagaland University during the kharif season 2018. Groundnut variety ICGS-76 was sown @ 70 kg ha-1 for 60×20 cm2 spacing. The experiment was laid in split plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments consisted of two lime levels: lime @ 0 t ha-1 and lime @ 3 t ha-1 while the sub- plot treatments consisted of five sulphur levels: sulphur @ (0 kg ha-1, 10 kg ha-1, 20 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1 and 40 kg ha-1 along with recommended dose of fertilizer at 20:60:40 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 respectively in the form of diammonium phosphate and murate of potash. The results showed that application of lime @ 3 t ha-1 gave higher growth and yield attributes compared to no lime and also application of sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1 gave higher growth and yield attributes compared to lower doses of sulphur though there was only slight increase in the attributes between each successive doses of sulphur. Overall application of lime and sulphur increased all the yield attributes of groundnut, where the highest number of pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, 100 kernels weight, pod yield, kernel yield and stover yield were recorded when treatment was done with lime @ 3 t ha1 and sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1.

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Partial resistance of Southern Runner, Arachis hypogaea, to stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-17-2-5 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 65-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

T. B. Brenneman ◽

W. D. Branch ◽

A. S. Csinos

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Field Tests ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Industry Standard ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

The Mean ◽

Disease Loci

Abstract The susceptibility of 16 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes (eight Virginia and eight runner types) to southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) was evaluated in field tests over three years. Mean disease incidence for all cultivars was 10.0, 15.4 and 16.4 disease loci per 12.2 m row and average yields were 3488, 2826 and 3569 kg/ha in 1986, 1987 and 1988, respectively. Disease incidence averaged 14.3 disease loci per 12.2 m of row for both market types. The mean yield for the eight Virginia types was 3287 kg/ha versus 3214 for the eight runner types. Culitvars within market types varied significantly in disease incidence and pod yield. Of the Virginia types, NC 6 and Florigiant were the most susceptible with NC 9, VA 81B and Early Bunch being the most resistant. Incidence of stem rot in runner cultivars was high except for Southern Runner and Langley which had about 50% less disease than the most susceptible entries. There was a highly significant correlation (P≤0.01) between yields and disease incidence all three years. Overall, Southern Runner had the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield of any cultivar. Compared to Florunner, the current industry standard for runner types, Southern Runner had about 50% less disease and yields were 1346 kg/ha higher.

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Pitch Canker Impact on Volume Growth: A Case Study In Slash Pine Plantations

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/8.1.43 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 43-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Loukas G. Arvanitis ◽

John F. Goodbee ◽

Iris Porta

Keyword(s):

Volume Growth ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Pitch Canker ◽

Diameter Class ◽

Tree Diameter ◽

Volume Increment ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

Abstract Measurements from 26 permanent test plots established in slash pine (Pinus elliotti var. elliotti Engelm.) plantations of northeast Florida and southeast Georgia in 1976 have been used to assess the impact of pitch canker on growth and yield of trees over time. The plots were remeasured annually for five years. The mean annual volume increment for infected trees was between 60 and 81 percent of that of the healthy trees. Trees that were repeatedly infected grew proportionately less, over the five-year period, than those that were infected only once or twice. The five-year periodic volume increment for the most severely infected trees was between one-third and two-thirds of that of healthy trees in the same diameter class. Incidence of infection was not correlated with tree diameter. The overall cubic foot volume loss due to growth suppression and mortality amounted to 4.5 percent of the expected total volume in 1981. This loss represents 15 percent of the anticipated five-year volume growth.

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Conservational Tillage and Cultivar Influence on Peanut Production1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-22-2-9 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 120-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

F. S. Wright ◽

D. M. Porter

Keyword(s):

Production Efficiency ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

The Other ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Meat Content ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Tillage System ◽

Total Meat ◽

Better Than

Abstract The influence of conservational tillage and cultivar on pod yield, crop value, and market grade factors was evaluated as a means to increase the production efficiency of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Two conservational tillage systems, in-row and band tillage, and one conventional tillage system were compared over a 4-yr period using the cultivars Florigiant, NC 6, and VA 81B. For all three cultivars, pod yields averaged 15% less and crop values averaged 21% less under the conservational tillage systems as compared to the conventional tillage system. The cultivar NC 6 performed slightly better than Florigiant and VA 81B. The percentage of extra large kernels for NC 6 was significantly higher than for the other two cultivars. There were no significant differences in the percentage of sound mature kernels and total meat content between the three cultivars. Tillage systems did not have a consistent effect on grade factors over the 4-yr period.

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Effect of year and fertilizer on water-use efficiency of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) in Niger

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859698006108 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 132 (2) ◽

pp. 139-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M. V. K. SIVAKUMAR ◽

S. A. SALAAM

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Water Use ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Soluble Phosphate ◽

Average Rainfall ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Yield Responses

A comprehensive study was conducted over a 4-year period (1984–87) to evaluate the water use, growth and yield responses of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) cv. CIVT grown with and without fertilizer (30 kg P2O5 and 45 kg N ha−1) at the ICRISAT Sahelian Centre, Sadoré, Niger. Our study showed significant year and fertilizer effects on the growth and yield of millet at the study site. Observed year effects were primarily due to the variations in the amount and distribution of rainfall in relation to the potential demand for water. During 1984, 1985 and 1987, total rainfall was below the long term average, while in 1986 it was above average. While the onset of rains (relative to the average date of onset) was early from 1984 to 1986, in 1987 the sowings were delayed by as much as 33 days. Of all the four years, the separation between the treatments in the cumulative evaporation is most evident for 1984, which was a drought year with below-average rainfall in all the months from June to September. Cumulative evaporation patterns in 1985 and 1986 were similar because of regular rains and high average rainfall per rainy day from June to October. In 1987, sowings were delayed until 15 July and only 6·9 mm of rainfall was received per rainy day in July. Hence cumulative evaporation was initially low and showed a significant increase only after two significant rain events in early August. There was a large response to fertilizer in all the years as small additions of fertilizer phosphate increased the soluble phosphate in the soil. Fertilizer application resulted in a small increase in water use (7–14%) in all years except 1987. Increased yield due to the application of fertilizer was accompanied by an increase in the water-use efficiency (WUE) in all the four years with the largest increase in 1985. The beneficial effect of fertilizers could be attributed to the rapid early growth of leaves which can contribute to reduction of soil evaporative losses and increased WUE. Over the four seasons, average increase in the WUE due to the addition of fertilizer was 84%.

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Pathogenicity of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus zeae, on rice genotypes under different hydro-ecologies in Tanzania

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 221-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yasinta Beda Nzogela ◽

Sofie Landschoot ◽

Ashura-Luzi Kihupi ◽

Danny L. Coyne ◽

Godelieve Gheysen

Keyword(s):

Upland Rice ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

The Impact ◽

Mixed Stage ◽

Pratylenchus Zeae ◽

Better Than

Summary The root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus zeae, is commonly found in upland rice fields. To measure the impact of the nematode on rice production, a screenhouse experiment was conducted using two farmer-adapted Oryza sativa cultivars, ‘Supa’ (‘SurinamV-880’) and ‘SARO-5’ (‘TXD 306’), under flooded, upland and drought water regimes imposed at 7 days post-inoculation of mixed-stage nematodes (200, 500, 1000, 3000 and 10 000 plant−1). Growth and yield parameters were recorded, and the experiment was terminated after 5 months. ‘Supa’ was shown to be resistant to P. zeae, while ‘SARO-5’ was susceptible. Pratylenchus zeae reduced the growth and yield of both cultivars, though more for ‘SARO-5’ than for ‘Supa’. Yield decreased with increasing final nematode densities. Pratylenchus zeae reproduction was highest at 200 and 500 inoculum levels and under upland water conditions. The yield of ‘SARO-5’ was greater than that of ‘Supa’ under flooded conditions and with no or 200 and 500 nematode inoculum levels, but with high P. zeae inoculum ‘Supa’ yield was better than ‘SARO-5’.

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Growth and Yield Responses of Cowpea and Groundnut to Five Rhizobial Inoculant Strains in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2020/8848823 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

F. Mintah ◽

Y. Z. Mohammed ◽

S. Lamptey ◽

B. D. K. Ahiabor

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Mineral N ◽

Guinea Savanna ◽

Rhizobial Inoculation ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Savanna Zone

Inoculating groundnut and cowpea with highly effective and competitive rhizobial strain improves nodulation. A field experiment was carried out at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Nyankpala, to evaluate the growth and yield responses of cowpea and groundnut to five rhizobial inoculant strains in the Guinea Savanna zone. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight (8) treatments replicated four (4) times. The treatments included five rhizobial inoculant strains (NC 92, KNUST 1002, KNUST 1003, KNUST 1006, and BR 3267), two N fertilizer levels (20 kg·N/ha and 40 kg·N/ha), and a control. The results showed that rhizobial inoculation and N fertilizer application increased nodulation, biomass yield, pod number, pod weight, hundred seed weight, nodule dry weight, and pod yield of groundnut compared with the control. Rhizobial inoculation averagely increased the nodulation and yield by 63 and 67%, respectively, compared with the control. Mineral N fertilizer (20 kg N/ha) on average increased the nodulation and yield by 24 and 25%, respectively, compared with the control plots. It can be recommended from this study that, in the absence of highly competitive rhizobial strains such as KNUST 1006 and NC 92 as biofertilizers for increasing the nodulation and yield of cowpea and groundnut, 20 kg·N/ha can be used for the purpose. Further research is recommended using these rhizobial strains in combination with lower rates of N fertilizers (<20 kg·ha−1).

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