scholarly journals Recurrent selection for resistance to Thrips tabaci in a tropical onion population

2021 ◽  
pp. 538-542
Author(s):  
Gleyce de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Antonio Fernandes Santos ◽  
José Adalberto de Alencar ◽  
Danillo Olegário Matos da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Selection Cycle ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Bulb Yield

Recurrent selection for resistance to onion Thrips tabaci has not been well studied by breeding programmes. Onion thrips is a pest of major concern and is controlled by insecticide spraying, raising production costs and potentially damaging the environment. This study aimed to estimate onion bulb yield genetic gain through six cycles in the ‘BRS Alfa São Francisco’ developed by recurrent selection for T. tabaci resistance. Experiments were carried out in a randomised block design, with three replications, in two locations. The degree of infestation in plants was evaluated five times after transplanting, as well as plant architecture traits and bulb yield. The latest selection cycle presented bulb commercial yield of 32.1 t.ha-1, while the base population ‘Alfa Tropical’ and IPA 10 check cultivar 15.9 and 14.0 t.ha-1, respectively (p<0.01). The broad sense heritability values ranged from 0.65 to 0.74 for bulb yield. The mean genetic gain was 1.0 t.ha-1 or 6% per selection cycle, indicating the efficiency of the method to increase the frequency of favourable alleles for thrips resistance and the possibility of onion cultivation in the total absence of insecticide applications to control this pest, or a reduction in their number

scholarly journals First Report of Recurrent Genomic Selection with Real Data in Popcorn and Genetic Gain Increases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Albino Schwantes ◽  
Antônio Teixeira do Amaral ◽  
Janeo Eustáquio de Almeida Filho ◽  
Marcelo Vivas ◽  
Pablo Diego Silva Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Selection Cycle ◽  
Time Required

AbstractRecurrent Selection increases the frequencies of favorable alleles for economically important traits, which in the case of popcorn are popping expansion and grain yield. However, is time-consuming, since each selection cycle consists of three stages: progeny development and evaluation, and recombination of the best families. With the Recurrent Genomic Selection use, the time required for each selection cycle can be shortened, as it allows the evaluation and recombination phases to be performed simultaneously, reducing the time needed to complete one selection cycle to only one growing season. In this respect, the objective of this study was to determine the selection accuracy and genetic gains for different selection strategies: PhEN = estimates based exclusively on the phenotypic data of 98 plants; PhEN + GEN = estimates based exclusively on the phenotypic and genotypic data of 98 plants; and GEN = estimates based exclusively on SNP marker genotyping. The following traits were evaluated: 100-grain weight, ear height, grain yield, popping expansion, plant height, and popcorn volume. Field trials were carried out with 98 S1 progenies, at two locations, in an incomplete block design with three replications. The parents of these progenies were genotyped with a panel of ~ 21K SNPs. From the results based on the predictions by strategy GEN, at different selection intensities, the average annual genetic gain for the different traits was 29.1% and 25.2% higher than that by the strategies PhEN and GEN + PhEN for 98 selection candidates; 148.3% and 140.9% higher for 500; and 187.9% and 179.4% higher for 1,000 selection candidates, respectively. Therefore, recurrent genomic selection may result in a high genetic gain, provided that: i) phenotyping is accurate; ii) selection intensity is explored by genotyping several plants, increasing the number of selection candidates, and iii) genomic selection is used for early selection in recurrent selection.

Improvement of effectiveness in maize breeding

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Selection For

Plant regeneration via tissue culture is becoming increasingly more common in monocots such as maize (Zea mays L.). Pollen (gametophytic) selection for resistance to aflatoxin in maize can greatly facilitate recurrent selection and the screening of germplasm for resistance at much less cost and in a shorter time than field testing. In vivo and in vitro techniques have been integrated in maize breeding programmes to obtain desirable agronomic attributes, enhance the genes responsible for them and speed up the breeding process. The efficiency of anther and tissue cultures in maize and wheat has reached the stage where they can be used in breeding programmes to some extent and many new cultivars produced by genetic manipulation have now reached the market.

scholarly journals Gene effect and heritability of yield and its components in eggplant

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-239
Author(s):  
N.T. Afful ◽  
D. Nyadanu ◽  
R. Akromah ◽  
H.M. Amoatey ◽  
V. Oduro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most important fruit vegetables in the world, with several nutritional and medicinal benefits. However, little is known about the genetic divergence of yield and its related traits. The objective of this study was to explore gene action and heritability of traits to help direct and strengthen breeding programmes, geared towards improving yield of the crop. Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) derived from two crosses (SM001-07 x ST004-03 and SM001 x San005-01) of eggplant accessions, were grown in pots in an open field, using Randomised Complete block Design (RCBD). Estimated data indicated that, the additive-dominance model was adequate to demonstrate the genetic variation and its significance in the inheritance of fruit weight, days to flowering and fruit yield traits. Although non-allelic interactions were found in plant height and number of seeds, additive effect was more pronounced in the genetic control of days to flowering and fruit weight; while dominance effect was more important in the control of plant branching and fruit length. Plant height and fruit yield were influenced by complementary gene action. Furthermore, the study revealed low magnitudes of dominance and environmental variances for most traits showing higher heritability values. In view of the diverse gene actions, with additive, dominant and epistasis, playing significant roles in the control of different traits, backcross, recurrent selection or bi parental could be appropriate for advancing the segregating populations to meet the need of yield improvement in both crosses. Key words: Additive, dominance, Epistasis, gene action

scholarly journals Evaluation of different insecticides for the management of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1889) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) on onion (Allium cepa L.) crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asghar ◽  
Mirza Muhammad Qadeer Baig ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Naeem Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Onion Bulb ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Thrips Population ◽  
Bulb Yield

Abstract The efficacy of five insecticides containing a.i. bifenthrin, dimethoate, spinosad, spinetoram and chlorfenapyr was evaluated following RCBD against Thrips tabaci in farmer’s field for two consecutive years. The data were recorded before and after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days of spraying. The results showed that all the insecticides reduced thrips populations compared to controls. However, the maximum reduction in thrips population and highest onion bulb yield (34.07 t/ha) was obtained with dimethoate 40EC followed by bifenthrin 10EC (33.14 t/ha). The minimum onion bulb yield (25.71 t/ha) was obtained in the control, where no insecticide was applied against thrips. If onion thrips are not controlled, the damage they cause can reduce bulb yields by 9-25%. The highest incremental return over the control (Rs.83, 600/ha), net income (Rs.82, 913/ha) and maximum cost benefit ratio were also obtained in the treatment with dimethoate 40EC.

scholarly journals Recurrent Selection for Specific Combining Ability for Yield in Four Pickling Cucumber Populations

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 626a-626
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cramer ◽  
Todd C. Wehner
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pickling Cucumber ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Selection For

The combining ability (hybrid performance) of breeding lines is often determined to measure selection progress for yield. Plant breeders utilize this information to develop breeding lines with higher combining ability. The objectives of this study were to measure the specific combining ability for yield traits over three selection cycles from four pickling cucumber populations with Gy 14, a popular pickling cucumber inbred; and to determine the change in specific combining ability for yield traits in four populations improved through recurrent selection. Four pickling cucumber populations, North Carolina wide base pickle (NCWBP), medium base pickle (NCMBP), elite pickle 1 (NCEP1), and hardwickii 1 (NCH1), were developed and improved through modified half-sib selection from 1983 to 1992 to improve yield per se and fruit quality in each population. Eleven families were randomly selected from each of 3 selection cycles (early, intermediate, advanced) from each populations and were hybridized to Gy 14. Plants were sprayed with Paraquat to defoliate them and to simulate once-over harvest. The experiment was a randomized complete-block design with 22 replications per population arranged in a split plot with the four populations as whole plots and the three cycles as subplots. The combining ability for fruit quality rating of NCWBP and NCMBP increased as the number of selection cycles increased. Conversely, selection for higher yield per se decreased the combining ability of the NCEP1 population for improved fruit quality. In most instances, the combining ability of each population exhibited a constant response over selection cycles for each measured yield trait.

scholarly journals SELECTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK EYE COWPEA LINES

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÉSSICA DANIELE LUSTOSA DA SILVA ◽  
KAESEL JACKSON DAMASCENO-SILVA ◽  
MAURISRAEL DE MOURA ROCHA ◽  
JOSÉ ÂNGELO NOGUEIRA DE MENEZES JÚNIOR ◽  
VALDENIR QUEIROZ RIBEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Selection Cycle ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Expected Gain ◽  
Selection For ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Cowpea bean is a socioeconomically important legume that contribute to generate employment and income. This species presents great grain variability, and the commercial subclass black eye stands out as a very appreciated grain in Brazil and abroad, thus requiring the development of new cultivars. The objective of this work was to evaluate and select lineages of commercial black eye cowpea, based on simultaneous, and direct selection. First, 105 progenies and four controls were evaluated using the Federer's augmented block design. Seventy-seven progenies, selected from this evaluation-first selection cycle-and four controls were evaluated in three environments, using a simple 9×9 lattice design. Based on this evaluation, the second selection cycle was possible, resulting in 24 progenies. The gain by direct selection was lower than the predicted gain for grain yield in the first cycle, indicating that the selection was not effective. This result was probably due to the reduced genetic variability caused by the selection pressure. In the second cycle, the predicted and observed gains were similar, indicating that much of the expected gain was observed. The predicted and observed gains, with simultaneous selection based on the rank sum selection index, were similar in the first and second cycle. The simultaneous and direct selections resulted in genetic gains for grain yield in the two selection cycles, making it possible the selection of high grain yield lineages.

scholarly journals Prediction of genetic gains by selection indexes and REML/BLUP methodology in a population of sour passion fruit under recurrent selection

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Higino de Lima e Silva ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
Jôsie Cloviane De Oliveira Freitas ◽  
Eileen Azevedo Santos ◽  
Daniele Lima Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Selection Indexes ◽  
Selection Of

Breeding programmes must be improved to accelerate the development of new cultivars due to the commercial importance of passion fruit. This study compared four selection indexes and the REML/BLUP methodology in an assessment of predicted genetic gains in the traits of interest. A total of 81 full-sib progenies derived from the third cycle of recurrent selection were assessed for one harvest in one environment. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with five plants per plot. The following traits were assessed: number of fruits, total yield, fruit mass, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, fruit pulp percentage, shell thickness and content of soluble solids. The Mulamba & Mock index produced the best results for the selection of progenies. The REML/BLUP method was the most efficient and selected progenies with predicted genetic gains better than the selection indexes tested. 

scholarly journals Genetic progress of phenotypic recurrent selection in popcorn

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Junqueira Ematné ◽  
João Cândido de Souza ◽  
Gustavo Barnabé Biudes ◽  
José Airton Rodrigues Nunes ◽  
Fernando Lisboa Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Original Population ◽  
Phenotypic Recurrent Selection ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Selection For

Popcorn is widely consumed in the south of Minas Gerais; however, up to now no specific breeding program for the region has been carried out. Recurrent selection (RS) is a viable alternative for breeding of this crop; nevertheless, it is necessary to frequently evaluate the progress achieved. Consequently, the purpose of this work was to assess the genetic progress obtained after two cycles of RS for the traits of popping expansion (PE) and grain yield (GY). Cycles one and two of the UFLA - E and UFLA - R populations, the original population (UFLA) and two controls were assessed. The experiment was conducted at the UFLA experimental farm in a randomized block design with eleven replications; ten agronomic traits, including PE and GY, were assessed. Gains from selection for the traits studied were observed, as well as that the type of kernel had an influence on the response for genetic progress for the PE trait and that the populations assessed exhibited potential for future selection cycles.

scholarly journals SIMULTANEOUS SELECTION IN COFFEE PROGENIES OF MUNDO NOVO BY SELECTION INDICES

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Guilherme Augusto Teixeira Tassone ◽  
Denis Henrique Silva Nadaleti ◽  
Gladyston Rodrigues Carvalho ◽  
Fernanda Aparecida Castro Pereira ◽  
Vinícius Teixeira Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Mixed Model Approach ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Simultaneous Selection ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

<p>Coffee cultivars that are better adapted and more productive can help reduce production costs and make coffee cultivation more profitable. The Mundo Novo cultivar has stood out as one of the most productive cultivars of <em>Coffea arabica</em> L. Therefore, the aim of this work was to select Mundo Novo progenies with high bean yield capacity and with other agronomic characteristics of interest. We evaluated the bean yield, seed size, plant height, upper and lower canopy diameter, stem diameter, and plant vigor of 24 F<sub>4</sub> progenies and one check cultivar. The experimental design consisted of a randomized complete block design with three replications and experiments were carried out in two sites: São Sebastião do Paraíso (SSP) and Três Pontas (TP), MG, Brazil. The mixed model approach was used to calculate the genotypic value for each progeny, after which the selective accuracy and genetic gain of the two best progenies in each trait were calculated. To summarize, the simultaneous selection index of Mulamba and Mock was used to select the two most promising progenies at each site. In general, the genetic gain was higher at SSP than at TP. In SSP, the most promising progenies were 1 [IAC376-2 (M. Novo) x IAC386-17 (M. Novo)] and 20 [IAC382-10 (M. Novo) x IAC388-20 (M. Novo)]. In TP, the most promising progeny was 22 [H1535/181 (M. Novo) x (S795) 1344/10/5], together with the check (Mundo Novo IAC379/19). The highest selection gain was expressed for bean size (the percentage of beans retained in sieve 17).</p>

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