Genetic progress of phenotypic recurrent selection in popcorn

Popcorn is widely consumed in the south of Minas Gerais; however, up to now no specific breeding program for the region has been carried out. Recurrent selection (RS) is a viable alternative for breeding of this crop; nevertheless, it is necessary to frequently evaluate the progress achieved. Consequently, the purpose of this work was to assess the genetic progress obtained after two cycles of RS for the traits of popping expansion (PE) and grain yield (GY). Cycles one and two of the UFLA - E and UFLA - R populations, the original population (UFLA) and two controls were assessed. The experiment was conducted at the UFLA experimental farm in a randomized block design with eleven replications; ten agronomic traits, including PE and GY, were assessed. Gains from selection for the traits studied were observed, as well as that the type of kernel had an influence on the response for genetic progress for the PE trait and that the populations assessed exhibited potential for future selection cycles.

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Correlations and path analysis in agronomic traits of soybeans under defoliation

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n5a2020-48220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Alan Mario Zuffo ◽

Francisco de Alcântara Neto ◽

Tiago Zoz ◽

Rafael Felippe Ratke ◽

Jorge González Aguilera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Leaf Damage ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Selection For

Stress events or leaf damage can alter the redistribution of photoassimilates and modify the morphological traits directly related to grain yield. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of agronomic traits on grain yield in soybean crop in function of leaf defoliation. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with three replications, arranged in a 6 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme. The factors were composed by six reprodutive stages (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6) and three defoliation levels (33%, 66%, and 99%), and one additional treatment without defoliation (control). The following traits were evaluated: plant height, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, thousand grain weight, and grain yield. The magnitudes of the correlations between the same traits showed high oscillation according to the defoliation level. Results revealed the potential for the indirect selection for grain yield by the traits plant height and number of grains per pods under 0% of defoliation and by the trait number of pods per plant under 33% of defoliation.

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Genetic characterization of the 28 maize landraces in Paraná State

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p1715 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 1715 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara Regina Silvestrin Rovaris ◽

Pedro Mário de Araújo ◽

Deoclécio Domingos Garbuglio ◽

Cleber Vinicius Guiaretta de Azevedo ◽

Cássio Egídio Cavenaghi Prete

Keyword(s):

Recurrent Selection ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Fixed Model ◽

Maize Landraces ◽

Ear Height ◽

Female Flowering

The characterization of maize landraces is extremely important in breeding programs for use of these genotypes as sources of genetic variability. The objective of this study was to quantitatively characterize 28 populations of maize landraces from the state of Paraná using the estimates of the effects of varieties and heterosis parents and the general combining ability, thereby assessing the main agronomic traits. In the crop of 2008/09, 56 inter-varietal hybrids, obtained through a topcross, 28 populations of maize landraces and three check varieties were evaluated for female flowering (FF), plant height (PH), ear height (EH) and grain mass (GY). The treatments were evaluated in a randomized block design, with two replications, at three Paraná State locations: the Experimental Center of the Agronomic Institute of Paraná in Londrina (IAPAR) and the experimental units of Pato Branco and Ponta Grossa. The data were submitted to an analysis of variance, considering a fixed model for genotypes and a random model for environments; the averages grouped by the Scott-Knott test, along with intersections of topcrosses, were analyzed according to a readapted model proposed by Oliveira et al. (1997). According to estimates of the parental effects, the GI 133 population showed the most promising estimates for all characteristics. The GI 088 and GI 173 populations stood out with promising estimates of the effects of heterosis. The conclusion is that the populations GI 133 and GI 173 may be indicated for recurrent selection programs or participation in obtaining composites.

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FLOWERING SYNDROME – HYBRID PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP IN MAIZE 1- Field traits and growth rates

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v47i4.518 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Al- Khazaali & et al.

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

High Yield ◽

Late Flowering ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Four Seasons ◽

Selection For

In order to identify the role of selection for early and late silking on the inbred lines from Maize (Zea Mays L.) regarding the grain yield of the consequent hybrids. Filed experiment for four seasons (spring and full 2014 and 2015) was conducted in the experimental field of Field Crop Dept., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad. Four inbred lines (Zm19, Zm32, Zm51 and Zm61) and two testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) were used. In the first two seasons, the seeds of the four inbred lines were planted, first 10 plants that flowered early and 10 plants that flowered late were selected and the seeds of the selected plants were multiplied. The seeds of the early and late selected inbred lines were planted in the third season and crossed with testers. Crosses from the early and late flowering were produced and their seeds were cultivated in the last season. Comparison in some field and growth traits were conducted among the crosses. The experiments laid out in completely randomized block design (RCBD) at three replicates. Selection for early and late flowering parents has induced significant differences in days to flowering for all crosses and ranged between 62 days for early parents and 66 days for late parents. Also, significant differences were shown in several traits, the most prominent were crop’s and seed’s growth rate (CGR and SGR ), that correlated with seed filling duration (SFD), which contributed to increase the deposition of the dry matter into the grain for a longer period, which gave a high grain yield (GY). CGR of outstanding crosses ranged from 3.18 to 6.21 g.m-2.day, SGR ranged between 2.3 to 7.3 g. m-2.day, and the SFD between 35-38 days. In parallel, the testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) have significantly differed in their effect on the traits of some derived crosses, where the results showed significant superiority of the crosses Zm32Zm60 resulted from crossing the tester Zm60 with early silking parents selected from inbred line Zm32 on the crosses Zm32Zm21 resulted from crossing the tester Zm21 with the same parents of Zm32 in the traits of Total Dry Matter (TDM) (1.85 kg.m-2), CGR (18.28 g.m-2.day), Harvest Index (HI) (0.56), and SGR (3.3 g.m-2.day). It can be conclude that selection for early and late silking inbred lines, as well as the effect of the early and late silking tester have a great importance in deriving hybrids of a high yield and distinct in several traits, which are all significantly contributing in increasing the GY.

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Grain Yield and Its Associations With Pre-harvest Sprouting in Wheat

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n4p142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Alexsander Rigatti ◽

Daniela Meira ◽

Tiago Olivoto ◽

Carine Meier ◽

Maicon Nardino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Direct Effect ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Environmental Correlations ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Positive Direct ◽

Lower Tolerance

This study aimed to evaluate direct and indirect effects of agronomic traits importance on grain yield with focus in pre-harvest sprouting. Experiment was conducted in 2017 crop season, and conducted in a randomized block design, with three replications, with eight wheat cultivars (BRS Sábia, CD 105, CD 1104, CD 1440, Frontana, Jadeíte 11, Mirante and ORS Vintecinco). Grain yield and its components were evaluated, as well as other important traits such as pre-harvest sprouting. Data were submitted to variance analysis; and phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations were estimated to understand grain yield expression, direct and indirect effects of its components were evaluated through path analysis. Cultivar BRS Sabiá showed shorter cycle, cultivar CD 1104 was highlighted in number of spikes per area, hectoliter weight and grain yield. And cultivars Frontana, CD 1440 and ORS Vintecinco presented the best tolerances pre-harvest sprouting. Grain yield showed high and positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with number of ears per square meter. Furthermore, high positive direct effect of pre-harvest sprouting on grain yield, revels lower tolerance for cultivars with high grain yield. Number of spikes per square meter showed intermediate and positive direct effect and pre-harvest sprouting had the greatest direct effect on grain yield.

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Estimation of adaptability and stability of early strains of ‘Carioca’ and black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Pernambuco State, Brazil

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.02.p2121 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 263-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richardson Sales Rocha ◽

Paulo Ricardo dos Santos ◽

Tâmara Rebecca Albuquerque de Oliveira ◽

Rogério Figueiredo Daher ◽

Maxwel Rodrigues Nascimento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Gge Biplot ◽

Yield Data ◽

Black Beans ◽

Black Bean ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Yield Trait ◽

Selection For

Low yields of early ‘Carioca’ and black bean varieties are a consequence of instability and low yield adaptability to specific growing environments. The goal of this work was to evaluate the genotype x environment interaction of early ‘Carioca’ and black bean new lines aiming at obtaining genotypes with high grain yield and good adaptability and stability. In (2012), 15 genotypes of the black group were evaluated in Ibimirim, Belém do São Francisco, and Petrolina municipalities, in Pernambuco State, Brazil; and, in (2016), 11 genotypes of early ‘Carioca’ bean were evaluated in Caruaru, Arcoverde, and Araripina municipalities, also in Pernambuco State. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates, and grain yield data were submitted to analysis of variance, in which means were compared by the Tukey’s test and analysis via GGE Biplot. In Arcoverde, the grain yield was greater for all early ‘Carioca’ bean genotypes, whereas, in the environment of Petrolina, there was the worst grain yield in kg ha-1 for all black bean genotypes, individually. The GGE Biplot methodology was found to be efficient in identifying genotypes with good adaptability, stability, and yield. Differences presented by the genotypes for the grain yield trait give the basis to recommend the genotypes and express the possibility of selection for genetic improvement of the species.

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Correlations and path analysis in soybean progenies with resistance source to cyst nematode (race 3)

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v10i1.1697 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 168-175

Author(s):

Daniela Sarti Dvorjak ◽

Sandra Helena Unêda-Trevisoli ◽

Wallace De Sousa Leite ◽

Alysson Jalles da Silva ◽

Fabiana Mota da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Important Study ◽

Genotypic Correlations ◽

The Relationship ◽

Number Of Seeds

Path analysis is an important study that slices the correlation coefficients between two variables to evaluate whether the relationship between them is of cause and effect. This study aimed to estimate the phenotypic and genotypic correlations between agronomic traits and perform a path analysis in order to identify variables for indirect selection aiming at a higher grain yield. Fourteen soybean F6 lines from the soybean breeding program of FCAV–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The agronomic traits plant height at maturity (PHM), first pod height (FPH), lodging (Ld), agronomic value (AV), number of pods per plant (NP), number of seeds per plant (NS), and grain yield (GY) were evaluated. Overall, the genotypic correlations were higher than their corresponding phenotypic correlations. The genotypic correlations between grain yield and the traits agronomic value, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per plant were positive, significant, and of high magnitude. Path analysis showed that the trait number of seeds per plant had the highest direct effect on grain yield, while the trait number of pods per plant had the highest indirect effect through the number of seeds per plant on grain yield

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Resistance of popcorn hybrid (Zea mays) to multiple diseases and correlation between leaf disease intensity and agronomic traits

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.11.p2743 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1800-1809

Author(s):

Juliana Saltires Santos ◽

Marcelo Vivas, Yure Pequeno de Souza ◽

Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽

Rafael Nunes de Almeida ◽

Julio Cesar Gradice Saluci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Control Measure ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Principal Component ◽

Diallel Cross ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Complete Diallel Cross

Grain yield and popcorn quality losses have become more common due to attacks by pathogens responsible for leaf diseases. Genetic resistance is the main control measure, as it is applicable in large areas and uses reduced costs and less environmental impact, compared to chemical control. In this context, the purpose was to select popcorn hybrids that meet resistance to Exserohilum turcicum, Bipolaris maydis, and Puccinia polysora and to have high levels of popping expansion and grain yield. We took into account two growing seasons (summer harvest - October 2014 to January 2015 - and winter harvest- April to July 2015). Twenty-eight hybrids from the complete diallel cross scheme were evaluated, among eight inbred lines (P8, P1, L55, L61, L70, L76, L77 and L88). For this purpose, we used a randomized block design with four replicates in two growing seasons. The traits investigated were the incidence of P. polysora (IPP), B. maydis (IBM), and E. turcicum (IET); severity of P. polysora (SPP), B. maydis (SBM), and E. turcicum (SET); grain yield (GY); and popping expansion (PE). Data from the experiments were submitted to the principal component analysis (PCA) through the R software. Results showed that the traits IET and IPP in the summer harvest, and IET and SET, in the winter harvest, were the most significant in the select of hybrids. The P8 x L76 and L70 x P8 hybrids were selected for summer harvest and the L77 x L61 hybrid, for winter harvest

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Agronomic traits in common bean are influenced by infestation and coexistence with volunteer maize

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632020v5059098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

Author(s):

Adalin Cezar Moraes de Aguiar ◽

Diecson Ruy Orsolin da Silva ◽

Claudir José Basso ◽

Bruna Dal’Pizol Novello ◽

Álvaro André Alba da Silva

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Infestation Level ◽

Grain Production ◽

Maize Seeds ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

The Common

ABSTRACT Maize seeds lost during harvest may emerge and establish themselves during the cultivation of common bean, becoming a problematic weed in succession crops. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the infestation level and interference period of volunteer maize on agronomic traits of common bean. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with four replications, in a 2 x 8 factorial scheme consisting of two maize infestation levels (4 plants m-2 and 12 plants m-2) combined with eight coexistence periods between crop and weed (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 88 days after the emergence of the common bean). Variables related to the common bean vegetative growth (plant height, stem diameter, number of side branches and shoot dry matter) and to its grain production (number of pods per plant, grain yield and weight of 1,000 grains), as well as the period prior to interference, were assessed. The increase of the coexistence period and volunteer maize infestation level negatively affected the common bean growth and grain yield. The densities with 4 plants m-2 and 12 plants m-2 of volunteer maize reduced the common bean grain yield by 60 % and 84 %, respectively; while the periods prior to interference between crop and weed, for the respective infestation levels, were 15 and 8 days after the common bean emergence. In addition, the volunteer maize reduces the period prior to interference to very low values, indicating the need to anticipate the control of this weed.

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Response of mass selection in maize (Zea mays L.)

Our Nature ◽

10.3126/on.v16i1.22119 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 35-42

Author(s):

Jiban Shrestha ◽

Chitra Bahadur Kunwar ◽

Balram Bhandari

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Winter Season ◽

Research Field ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Original Population ◽

Maize Population ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Ear Height

This study was conducted to quantify the progress towards grain yield and agronomic traits in maize genotypes through mass selection. The original maize population and the population derived after five cycles of mass selection were planted for comparison at research field of National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during winter season of 2011-2012. The maize genotypes were Arun-1EV, Arun-4, Pool-17, P501SRCO × P502SRCO, BGBYPOP, Across9942 × Across9944, S99TLYQ-B, S99TLYQ-AB and S01SIWQ-3, respectively. The experiment was laid down in randomized complete block design with three replications. Each replication consisted of 180 rows; 20 rows of each genotypes. The results showed that there was significant reduction in plant height, ear height, tasseling days, silking days, disease severity however significant increment in grain yield. The results showed that phenotypic superiority of the selected population over the original population was obvious.

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Lactofen and kinetin in soybean yield

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632020v5064906 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

Author(s):

Inara Alves Martins ◽

Silvino Guimarães Moreira ◽

Adriano Teodoro Bruzi ◽

Guilherme Vieira Pimentel ◽

Paulo Eduardo Ribeiro Marchiori

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Total Sugars ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Apical Buds ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT The herbicide lactofen has been used by producers in many conditions, in order to increase the soybean yield. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactofen and the phytohormone kinetin on the morpho-agronomic traits, carbohydrate partitioning and yield, in soybean cultivars. Three experiments were carried out in the field, in addition to one experiment in a greenhouse. A randomized block design, with four replications, was used. The treatments were: lactofen [144 g ha-1 of active ingredient (a.i.)], lactofen + kinetin (144 g ha-1 of a.i. + 0.5 g ha-1), kinetin (0.5 g ha-1), manual cutting of apical buds and control. In the subplots, six soybean cultivars (M 6410 IPRO, M 5917 IPRO, NS 7670 RR, NS 6909 IPRO, BMX Lança IPRO and Produza IPRO) were used. In the field, the plant lodging index, plant height, number of nodes and branches, pods and grains per plant, mass of 100 grains and grain yield were evaluated. In the greenhouse, the starch, reducing sugars, sucrose and total sugars in the leaves, stems and roots of three soybean cultivars were quantified. The application of lactofen in the V6 stage influenced the morpho-agronomic traits of the cultivars in the field and increased the soybean yield by 312 kg ha-1, considering all the cultivars. The phytohormone did not influence the morpho-agronomic traits neither the grain yield. The treatments did not induce modification in the partitioning of carbohydrates destined to the roots.

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