scholarly journals First Report of Recurrent Genomic Selection with Real Data in Popcorn and Genetic Gain Increases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Albino Schwantes ◽  
Antônio Teixeira do Amaral ◽  
Janeo Eustáquio de Almeida Filho ◽  
Marcelo Vivas ◽  
Pablo Diego Silva Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Selection Cycle ◽  
Time Required

AbstractRecurrent Selection increases the frequencies of favorable alleles for economically important traits, which in the case of popcorn are popping expansion and grain yield. However, is time-consuming, since each selection cycle consists of three stages: progeny development and evaluation, and recombination of the best families. With the Recurrent Genomic Selection use, the time required for each selection cycle can be shortened, as it allows the evaluation and recombination phases to be performed simultaneously, reducing the time needed to complete one selection cycle to only one growing season. In this respect, the objective of this study was to determine the selection accuracy and genetic gains for different selection strategies: PhEN = estimates based exclusively on the phenotypic data of 98 plants; PhEN + GEN = estimates based exclusively on the phenotypic and genotypic data of 98 plants; and GEN = estimates based exclusively on SNP marker genotyping. The following traits were evaluated: 100-grain weight, ear height, grain yield, popping expansion, plant height, and popcorn volume. Field trials were carried out with 98 S1 progenies, at two locations, in an incomplete block design with three replications. The parents of these progenies were genotyped with a panel of ~ 21K SNPs. From the results based on the predictions by strategy GEN, at different selection intensities, the average annual genetic gain for the different traits was 29.1% and 25.2% higher than that by the strategies PhEN and GEN + PhEN for 98 selection candidates; 148.3% and 140.9% higher for 500; and 187.9% and 179.4% higher for 1,000 selection candidates, respectively. Therefore, recurrent genomic selection may result in a high genetic gain, provided that: i) phenotyping is accurate; ii) selection intensity is explored by genotyping several plants, increasing the number of selection candidates, and iii) genomic selection is used for early selection in recurrent selection.

scholarly journals Recurrent selection for resistance to Thrips tabaci in a tropical onion population

2021 ◽  
pp. 538-542
Author(s):  
Gleyce de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Antonio Fernandes Santos ◽  
José Adalberto de Alencar ◽  
Danillo Olegário Matos da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Selection Cycle ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Bulb Yield

Recurrent selection for resistance to onion Thrips tabaci has not been well studied by breeding programmes. Onion thrips is a pest of major concern and is controlled by insecticide spraying, raising production costs and potentially damaging the environment. This study aimed to estimate onion bulb yield genetic gain through six cycles in the ‘BRS Alfa São Francisco’ developed by recurrent selection for T. tabaci resistance. Experiments were carried out in a randomised block design, with three replications, in two locations. The degree of infestation in plants was evaluated five times after transplanting, as well as plant architecture traits and bulb yield. The latest selection cycle presented bulb commercial yield of 32.1 t.ha-1, while the base population ‘Alfa Tropical’ and IPA 10 check cultivar 15.9 and 14.0 t.ha-1, respectively (p<0.01). The broad sense heritability values ranged from 0.65 to 0.74 for bulb yield. The mean genetic gain was 1.0 t.ha-1 or 6% per selection cycle, indicating the efficiency of the method to increase the frequency of favourable alleles for thrips resistance and the possibility of onion cultivation in the total absence of insecticide applications to control this pest, or a reduction in their number

scholarly journals Genotype selection and addition of fertilizer increases grain yield in upland rice in Suriname

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan NASCENTE ◽  
Ruby KROMOCARDI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The upland rice farmers in Suriname use local varieties and low level technologies in the field. As a result, the upland rice grain yield is low, at about 1 000 kg ha-1. Our objective was to evaluate the use of upland rice cultivars from Suriname and Brazil, and the effect of nitrogen, N, phosphorus, P, and potassium, K, fertilizers on cultivation variables. We undertook four field trials in the Victoria Area, in the Brokopondo District, using a randomized block design each with four replications. The most productive rice varieties were BRS Esmeralda (grain yield 2 903 kg ha-1) and BRS Sertaneja (2 802 kg ha-1). The highest grain yield of 2 620 kg ha-1 was achieved with a top dressing application of 76.41 kg N ha-1 20 days after sowing. For P, the highest grain yield of 3 085 kg ha-1 was achieved with application of 98.06 kg ha-1 P2O5 applied at sowing. An application rate of 31.45 kg ha-1 of K2O at sowing achieved the highest grain yield of 2 952 kg ha-1. Together, these application rates of N, P and K resulted in rice grain yield of about 3 000 kg ha-1, which is three times greater than the national average for upland rice. We demonstrate that the use of improved rice varieties matched to the local conditions, and application of appropriate fertilizers, are management practices that can result in significant increases in rice grain yield in Suriname.

Appropriate Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Regime for Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) In the Humid Tropics

Helia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (70) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
E. Akpojotor ◽  
V.I.O. Olowe ◽  
C. Adejuyigbe ◽  
S.O. Adigbo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
P Fertilizer

AbstractTwo field trials were conducted on the Research Farm of the Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Nigeria during the late cropping seasons (Jun.–Nov.) of 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the agronomic performance of four recently released sunflower varieties (SAMSUN-1, SMASUN-2, SAMSUN-3 and SAMSUN-4) to three fertilizer regimes: Control, Split application of 30 kg N + 28 kg P2O5 at 21 days after sowing (DAS) and at anthesis and Single application of 60 kg N and 56 kg P2O5 at 21DAS. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design using a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement and replicated three times. Data were collected on phenology, plant height, seed yield and yield attributes, and quality. The varietal effect was only significant in 2015 for head weight, a number of achene per head and 100 achene weight. Application of N and P fertilizer either as split or single significantly (P ≤ 0.05; F-test) enhanced plant height at R5 and R9, 100 achene weight, achene weight per head and grain yield in both years. Single application resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher grain yield in 2014 than the split and control and was on par with a split. Significant variety × fertilizer regime was recorded for protein content in 2014 and 2015, and oil content in 2015. Therefore, a single application of N and P fertilizers at 21 WAS is recommended for adoption in the humid tropics to enhance seed and oil production of SAMSUN-3 and SAMSUN-4.

scholarly journals Beef cattle breeding in Australia with genomics: opportunities and needs

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Johnston ◽  
B. Tier ◽  
H.-U. Graser
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Genomic Predictions

Opportunities exist in beef cattle breeding to significantly increase the rates of genetic gain by increasing the accuracy of selection at earlier ages. Currently, selection of young beef bulls incorporates several economically important traits but estimated breeding values for these traits have a large range in accuracies. While there is potential to increase accuracy through increased levels of performance recording, several traits cannot be recorded on the young bull. Increasing the accuracy of these traits is where genomic selection can offer substantial improvements in current rates of genetic gain for beef. The immediate challenge for beef is to increase the genetic variation explained by the genomic predictions for those traits of high economic value that have low accuracies at the time of selection. Currently, the accuracies of genomic predictions are low in beef, compared with those in dairy cattle. This is likely to be due to the relatively low number of animals with genotypes and phenotypes that have been used in developing genomic prediction equations. Improving the accuracy of genomic predictions will require the collection of genotypes and phenotypes on many more animals, with even greater numbers needed for lowly heritable traits, such as female reproduction and other fitness traits. Further challenges exist in beef to have genomic predictions for the large number of important breeds and also for multi-breed populations. Results suggest that single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips that are denser than 50 000 SNPs in the current use will be required to achieve this goal. For genomic selection to contribute to genetic progress, the information needs to be correctly combined with traditional pedigree and performance data. Several methods have emerged for combining the two sources of data into current genetic evaluation systems; however, challenges exist for the beef industry to implement these effectively. Changes will also be needed to the structure of the breeding sector to allow optimal use of genomic information for the benefit of the industry. Genomic information will need to be cost effective and a major driver of this will be increasing the accuracy of the predictions, which requires the collection of much more phenotypic data than are currently available.

scholarly journals Introgression of Temperate Material to Improve Grain Yield in a Tropical Maize Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Justin Abadassi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ear Height

The effect of introgression of the temperate maize population BUGARD on the grain yield of a low-yielding tropical maize population well appreciated for the quality of its grains, NCP80, was studied. NCP80 was crossed with BUGARD to obtain the F1. The BC1 obtained by backcrossing the F1 to NCP80 was random mated thrice. The tropical parent NCP80 and the BC1 (NBN) were evaluated in two tropical locations using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Introgression of the temperate population BUGARD into the tropical population NCP80 significantly increased grain yield. The resulting population, NBN, appeared, moreover, significantly earlier than NCP80 and not significantly different from it for resistance to rust, tropical blight and maize streak, ear height, husk cover and harvest index. NBN may, further, be improved for resistance to maize streak and grain yield by recurrent selection.

scholarly journals GENERATION MEAN ANALYSIS FOR ESTIMATION SOME GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR YILD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN FOURE MAIZE CROSSES.

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Dominance Variation

A field experiment was conducted at the field of Field Crop .Dept., College of Agric\Univ.of Baghdad. spring and fall seasons of 2009, 2010 , spring of 2011 and fall of 2013 in order to know the relative magnitude of the genetic variation component and interactions forms of epistasis using Generation Means Analysis  of maize (Zea mays L.) . Six generations P1 , P2 , F1 , F2, BC1 and BC2 for four crosses (FI01301 Rustico), (AntignaoHi39× Nostred ) , (Lo1391 ×Rustico) and ( Rusticocangini× Rustico) were  evaluated by using randomized complete block design( RCBD) with four replications for grain yield and its components. The results showed significant differences between the generations of the four crosses. The first generation superiority and gave the highest mean for each of the traits of four crosses. The highest hybrid vigor and heterosis percent to  for unit area  grain yield (ton\ha) 121.8% and 126.92% for cross( FI01301 ×Rustico ). Most of the genetic effects  (d additive , dominance h , additive  × additive  i , additive × dominance j and dominance × dominance l) were significant for all crosses . This revealed  the importance of the dominance, additive and epistasis effects as genetic actions   controlled  in yield  inheritance and its components in maize. But the dominance variation was more important than the additive variation in the ear length  ,grain weighte and yield unit area, disagreement signal indicate the existence of an act of the dominance h and dominance× dominance  l of most studied traits duplicate epistasis. Supplementary superiority also appeared to Epistasis complementary of crosses (FI01301×Rustico) and (AntignaoHi39×Nostred) and grain weight in cross (Lo1391 ×Rustico ). It can be conclude that the additive and  non-additive gene action control the in heritable yield and its component . It is recommend using the method of reciprocal  recurrent selection(RRS) to improve yield and its components .                                                                                                                                            

Application of molecular markers in parental selection in soybean

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sudaric ◽  
M. Vrataric ◽  
I. Rajcan ◽  
T. Duvnjak ◽  
M. Volenik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Parental Selection ◽  
Soybean Germplasm ◽  
Diversity Assessment

The rate of genetic gain in the quantity and quality of soybean grain depends considerably on the genetic diversity of the selected parental components. Genetic diversity assessment is a crucial aspect of breeding that maximizes genetic improvement. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the genetic diversity of the selected soybean germplasm using genetic markers, as well as to compare the effectiveness of breeding procedures with and without the use of genetic markers in parental selection. The genetic relationships within the selected soybean germplasm were estimated using 14 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). The agronomic performance (grain yield, protein and oil content in the grain) of the parental components and derived lines was determined in field trials. Based on SSR marker data and phenotypic data, an association was found between the agronomic performance of the derived lines and the genetic distance between the parental lines. Crosses between more diverse parents resulted in derived lines with greater values for grain yield and grain quality compared with the parents than crosses between similar parents. The results indicated the usefulness of genetic marker information in parental selection, contributing to breeding efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing density on grain yield, protein and oil content and plant morphology of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 594-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Sobko ◽  
Jens Hartung ◽  
Sabine Zikeli ◽  
Wilhelm Claupein ◽  
Sabine Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Almost All

To find out exactly how sowing density and sowing pattern affect soybean grain yield, quality and its components in non-traditional soybean growing regions, such as Germany, two field trials have been conducted at two locations in Bavaria in 2016 and 2017. The experiments were carried out with four sowing densities (30, 50, 70, 90 seeds/m<sup>2</sup>) and four cultivars from different maturity groups (Viola 000, Lissabon 000, ES Mentor 00, Orion 00) as randomized complete block design with four replicates. Almost all evaluated traits varied significantly depending on year × location. There was no interaction between the main factors (cultivar × sowing density). The results revealed that grain yield and height of the first pod increased with increase of sowing density. The number of pods per plant and branching decreased with increasing sowing density. At higher sowing densities at flowering leaf area index was significantly higher than at lower sowing densities. The cv. ES Mentor (00) with 70 seeds/m<sup>2</sup> has proved to be a suitable cultivar in terms of yield and quality in southern Germany (&gt; 3.6 t/ha grain yield and 40% protein).

IMPROVEMENT IN GRAIN YIELD AND LOW-NITROGEN TOLERANCE IN MAIZE CULTIVARS OF THREE ERAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. BADU-APRAKU ◽  
M. A. B. FAKOREDE ◽  
B. ANNOR ◽  
A. O. TALABI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Source Populations

SUMMARYMaize (Zea mays L.) is the most important staple crop in West and Central Africa (WCA), but its production is severely constrained by low soil nitrogen (low N). Fifty-six extra-early open-pollinated maize cultivars developed during three breeding eras, 1995–2000, 2001–2006 and 2007–2012, were evaluated under low N and high soil nitrogen (high N) at two locations in Nigeria in 2013 and 2014, to investigate the genetic gains in grain yield and identify outstanding cultivars. During the first breeding era, the emphasis of the programme was on breeding for resistance to the maize streak virus (MSV) and high yield potential, while the major breeding emphasis during the second era was on recurrent selection for improved grain yield and Striga resistance in two extra-early-maturing source populations, TZEE-W Pop STR (white) and TZEE-Y Pop STR (yellow). Starting from the third era, the source populations were subjected to improvement for tolerance to drought, low N and resistance to Striga. A randomized incomplete block design with two replications was used for the field evaluations. Results revealed genetic gains in grain yield of 0.314 Mg ha−1 (13.29%) and 0.493 Mg ha−1 (16.84%) per era under low N and high N, respectively. The annual genetic gains in grain yield was 0.054 Mg ha–1 (2.14%) under low N and 0.081 Mg ha–1 (2.56%) under high N environments. The cultivar 2009 TZEE-OR2 STR of era 3 was the most stable, with competitive yield across environments, while 2004 TZEE-W Pop STR C4 from era 2, and TZEE-W STR 104, TZEE-W STR 108 and 2012 TZEE-W DT STR C5 from era 3 were high yielding but less stable. These cultivars should be further tested on-farm and commercialized in WCA. Substantial progress has been made in breeding for high grain yield and low-N tolerance in the sub-region.

scholarly journals Genotype and environment interaction of drought tolerant rice genotypes evaluated in drought prone areas of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
RR Majumder ◽  
TR Hore ◽  
MA Kader ◽  
TL Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Field trials were conducted using ten rice genotypes including four national and international check varieties under drought prone rainfed environments of Rangpur, Nilphamari, Kurigram and Lalmonirhat districts of Bangladesh in Transplant Aman 2012 season to evaluate the growth duration and grain yield stability as well as adaptability. The experiment used randomized complete block design with three replications. Growth duration and Grain yield data were subjected to Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis. The mean growth duration of 10 genotypes over four environments showed that the longest growth duration was found for IR83383-B-B-129-4 (115.6 days) and the lowest growth duration was found for BRRI dhan56 (Ck) (113.4 days). IR82635-B-B-145-1 produced maximum 4.28 t/ha grain yield followed by 4.28 t/ha in IR82589-B-B-84-3 and the lowest grain yield was recorded for IR83376-B-B-130-2 with 3.24 t/ha. It was evident from the AMMI 1 biplot analysis that IR83377-B-B-93- 3, IR83383-B-B-129-4, IR82635-B-B-145-1, IR82635-B-B-75-2 and BRRI dhan56 (Ck) generally exhibited high yield with high main (additive) effects showing positive first principal component of the interaction (IPCA1), but IR82635-B-B-145-1 being the overall best. Hence, IR82635-B-B-145-1 was identified as specially adapted to Lalmonirhat and this environment was considered as the wide range suitable environment for the genotype. Lalmonirhat could be regarded as a good selection site for rice improvement due to stable yields. IR83377-B-B-93-3, IR82635-B-B-145-1, IR83383-B-B-129-4, IRRI 123 (Ck), BRRI dhan57 (Ck) and BINA dhan7 (Ck) were hardly affected by the G × E interaction and would perform well across a wide range of environments. In AMMI 2 biplot, IR82635-B-B-145-1 and IRRI 123 (Ck) was more responsive since they were away from the origin whereas other genotypes were nearer to the origin and hence they were more stable to different environments. IR83383-B-B-129-4 was very close to the origin, so it was more stable to different environments. Similarly Rangpur Sadar and Lalmonirhat showed similar potentiality over IR83383-B-B-129-4. The study it revealed that IR83377-B-B-93-3, IR83383-B-B-129-4, IR82635-B-B-145-1, IR82635-B-B-75-2 and IR82589-B-B-84-3 has the potentiality to show drought tolerance for the regions and might be suitable for releasing as a variety after conducting proper yield evaluation trials and Distinction, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) tests.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 23-30, June 2016

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