scholarly journals The influence of optimism and socioeconomic characteristics on leadership practices

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Fernando Juárez ◽  
Francoise Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Practices ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Leadership Practices Inventory ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square Test

The role of optimism and socioeconomic characteristics of managers on leadership practices in small enterprises, in Bogotá, Colombia, was determined. Ninety managers completed the Leadership Practices Inventory and The Revised Life Orientation Test, as well as they provided information about personal and business socio-economic characteristics. Association measures between socio-economic and optimism variables with the Leadership Practices Inventory were taken. Besides, by Chi square test, Mann-Whitney`s U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, they were determined socioeconomic differences in leadership styles, and, by a structural equation model, the effect of age, gender, marital status, socioeconomic status, number of employees of the company, economic sector, and optimism on leadership practices was analyzed. Only optimism and number of employees showed to be significant.

Researchers’ awareness about plagiarism and impact of plagiarism detection tools – does awareness effect the actions towards preventing plagiarism?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sk. Mamun Mostofa ◽  
Mashiat Tabassum ◽  
S.M. Zabed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Plagiarism Detection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reported Study ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose This paper aims to analyse researchers’ awareness about plagiarism and impact of plagiarism detection tools on the actions that they take to prevent plagiarism. It also employs a structural model that examines whether awareness of plagiarism and anti-plagiarism tools have any significant effect on the actions taken by the researchers to avoid plagiarism. Design/methodology/approach A survey questionnaire was distributed to researchers at a large public university in Bangladesh. The survey accumulated 184 valid responses. Descriptive statistics were obtained to assess researchers’ awareness about plagiarism and impact of plagiarism detection tools and the actions taken by them. The reasons that may cause plagiarism were also identified. The awareness of the availability of the anti-plagiarism software that was being used by the university and its actual use by the researchers was gathered through the survey. Non-parametric Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were conducted to investigate the differences in awareness levels and actions in terms of gender, age, discipline and current level of research. The chi-square test was carried out to examine the relationship between awareness about the availability of the anti-plagiarism software and its use by the researchers. Finally, the survey data were analysed using structural equation modeling to examine the effects of awareness of plagiarism and anti-plagiarism software on the actions taken by the researchers. Findings The study revealed that the level of awareness regarding plagiarism and impact of plagiarism detection software is generally high among the researchers. There are some significant differences between researchers’ demographic and personal characteristics and their awareness levels and actions with regard to plagiarism. The findings indicate that almost three-quarters of the researchers were aware about the anti-plagiarism tool that is being used, whereas more than half of the researchers indicated that they used the software to assess their works. The results of the structural equation model do not show a good fit, although there is strong statistical evidence that awareness about plagiarism and anti-plagiarism software has significantly impacted researchers’ actions towards preventing plagiarism. Originality/value There is no reported study on researchers’ awareness of plagiarism and its affiliated issues in Bangladesh. The findings of this study will not only provide useful insights regarding awareness about plagiarism but also assist university authorities to formulate relevant policy and take necessary actions against plagiarism in higher education institutions.

Benefits of corporate social responsibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Alhouti ◽  
Giles D’Souza
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine how consumers benefit from corporate social responsibility (CSR) and whether spiritual benefits are a stronger outcome of CSR. Design/methodology/approach Items for values are developed and tested prior to their inclusion in an experiment that manipulates the presence and absence of CSR. A structural equation model is used to test the mediation effect of perceived value on the relationship between CSR and consumer outcomes. A chi-square test is used to compare the magnitude of the significant effects. Findings CSR influences spiritual, status, efficiency and aesthetic benefits equally. Spiritual benefits is a stronger predictor of attitude and personal satisfaction than efficiency and status benefits. Originality/value Conceptual and qualitative findings in the literature demonstrate that CSR is associated with spiritual benefits. This study quantitatively tests not only how CSR influences various benefits but also how those effects compare to the relationship between CSR and spiritual benefits. The examination of the effect of CSR benefits on consumer outcomes reveals that the types of benefits do not have identical effects.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Intentions of Using Tax Consulting Services of Firms in Ho Chi Minh City: A Structural Equation Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Thao Nguyen-Trang ◽  
Long Vu-Hoang ◽  
Trieu Nguyen-Thi ◽  
Ha Che-Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Consulting Services ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Chi Square Test

Tax consulting service is one of various professional consulting services and is interested to study by many researchers. Nevertheless, this issue has not been interested to research in Vietnam. This paper performs confirmatory factors analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify the factors influencing the intentions of using tax consulting services of firms in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. Specifically, this paper finds that the intentions depend on the “attitude toward the behavior” and “replacement”. In addition, through Chi-square test, it can be proven that the intentions also depend on type of firms and whether they have ever used tax consulting service or not. Based on the obtained results, the discussion and recommendation are also proposed. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Positive Mood as a Mediator of the Relations among Musical Preference, Postconsumption Product Evaluation, and Consumer Satisfaction

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-I Teng ◽  
Hsu-Min Tseng ◽  
Heng-Hui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Coffee Shop ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Musical Preference ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Competing Models

This study of how positive mood mediates the influences of musical preference and postconsumption product evaluation on consumer satisfaction focuses specifically on a model in which positive mood fully mediates the influences. The proposed model is compared with two competing models, and a structural equation model is used to test and compare the three theory-driven models. This study sampled 247 students majoring in management at a single university. They had mean age of 23 yr. ( SD = 2.5). This study used questionnaires to measure subjects' evaluations of a cup of coffee, preference for the music broadcast in the coffee shop, positive mood, and satisfaction after they had the coffee. Analysis indicated that the proposed model outperformed the two competing models in describing the data using chi-square difference tests. Positive mood was identified as a full mediator of the relationship between musical preference and consumer satisfaction. Moreover, the results demonstrate for service managers the importance of creating positive consumer mood.

scholarly journals THE STRATEGY TO IMPROVE SALESPERSON’S PERFORMANCE BY SALESPERSON’S TECHNICAL COMPETENCY, SALES SOFT CAPABILITY, SERVICE ORIENTATION, AND ADAPTIVE SELLING

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Shandy Ibnu Zakaria ◽  
Augusty Tae Ferdinand ◽  
Susilo Toto Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Service Orientation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Adaptive Selling ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Technical Competency

This research aims to find out whether a salesperson’s technical competention, sales soft capability, service orientation, and adaptive selling have any impact to improve salespersons’ performance in a case study of Prepaid Television Channel Transvision’s Salesperson in distribution area Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta. This research takes 102 respondents as the object and uses sampling technique.Data analysis technic that is used in this research is structural equation model (SEM) from AMOS 22 software. The test result done using SEM shows the goodness of fit full model criteria which are Chi-square = 67,203; Probability = 0,035; CMIN/DF = 1,400; GFI = 0,905; AGFI = 0,845, TLI = 0,904; CFI = 0,930; dan RMSEA = 0,063. Therefore, it can be said that the model in this research is qualified to use.  The research findings show that from 6 hypothesis being tested, there are 2 hypothesis rejected and 4 hypothesis accepted. The first hypothesis which is salesperson’s technical competency has positive impact and is significant. The second hypothesis which is salesperson’s technique has positive impact and is significant. The third hypothesis sales soft capability has positive impact but is not significan. The fourth hypothesis sales soft capability has positive impact and is significant. The fifth hypothesis service orientation has positive impact and is significant. The sixth hypothesis which is adaptive selling has positive impact but is not significant with value. This research has several limitation and gives the agenda for the further researches to be done after this research. 

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Terhadap Kepuasan, Reputasi Merek Dan Loyalitas Konsumen Jamu Tolak Angin Pt. Sido Muncul

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Brand Reputation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
Loyal Customers

One of the key factor that PT Sido Muncul concerns about its Jamu Tolak Angin is the customer loyalty. The increase number of loyal customers can be considered as the success of the company’s product amidst the competition. This research is conducted to find out whether the product’s quality influences the customer loyalty through customer satisfaction and brand reputation of the PT Sido Muncul’s Jamu Tolak Angin brand. This research is conducted to retest the model proposed by Fred Selnes (1993), by using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The sample of this research is 200 persons, collected by judgment sampling. The result of this research shows that customer loyalty is influenced by product quality, customer satisfaction, and brand reputation. Product quality influences customer loyalty through customer satisfaction and brand reputation. The model’s test of this research shows Chi-Square=65.81 (P=0.00026), RMSEA=0.071, GFI=0.94, dan AGFI=0.90. Product quality influences customer loyalty through customer satisfaction and brand reputation by 0.26 and it influences customer loyalty through brand reputation by 0.46. This research shows that good quality product will lead to the increase of customer loyalty and brand reputation of the PT Sido Muncul’s Jamu Tolak Angin brand. Loyal customers are directly influenced by PT Sido Muncul’s Jamu brand, while customer satisfaction doesn’t directly influence customer loyalty. When choosing which jamu product to consume, the customers don’t necessarily choose the product based on the satisfaction of past use but on the brand reputation. Customers think that the jamu brand that has good reputation is suitable for continuous use. This is because customers view jamu as traditional medicine, so the selection should be based on those products who have reliable brand reputation. This result shows that the PT Sido Muncul’s Jamu Tolak Angin brand reputation that has been formed may strengthen the product quality’s influence on creating customer loyalty.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting University Students’ Perspectives on Cyberbullying Factors Affecting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
Ayşe TAŞTEKİN OUYABA
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Cyber Victimization ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Factors Affecting

This research is a cross-sectional study. It was conducted with 340 students studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University. Data were collected through a questionnaire. T-test, Mann Whitney U, and Chi-square test were used to compare the sociodemographic and internet usage characteristics of the students according to their gender. Data were evaluated with Structural Equation Model. Being a woman is associated with better motivation (β: = -.20, p = 0.000) and health behaviors (β= -.22, p = 0.000). High motivation is associated with better behavioral skills (β= .15, p = 0.005) and better health behaviors (β= .28, p = 0.000). Better health behaviors indicate a decrease in cyber victimization (β= -.11, p = 0.042). It was observed that female students’ sensitivity towards preventing and preventing cyberbullying was higher than male students. Students with a high level of motivation have better behavioral skills and health behaviors. Students with better behavioral skills and health behaviors were less exposed to cyber victimization.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kompetensi Menjual, Kualitas Hubungan, dan Pengalaman Menjual untuk meningkatkan Kinerja Tenaga Penjualan (Studi pada PT. New Ratna Motor Semarang)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aulia Arma ◽  
Augusty Tae Ferdinand ◽  
Susilo Toto Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Full Model ◽  
Chi Square

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kompetensi menjual, kualitas hubungan, dan pengalaman menjual untuk meningkatkan kinerja tenaga penjualan di PT. New Ratna Motor. Adapun  objek pada penelitian ini adalah tenaga penjualan PT. New Ratna Motor. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 139 responden dan teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah teknik sensus.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik structural equation model (SEM) dari software AMOS 22. Hasil pengujian menggunakan SEM menunjukan kriteria goodness of fit full model adalah Chi-Square = 92,407; Probability = 0,000; CMIN/DF = 1,925; GFI = 0,893; AGFI = 0,826, TLI = 0,960; CFI = 0,971; dan RMSEA = 0,084. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa model dalam penelitian ini layak untuk digunakan.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kompetensi menjual berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas hubungan, pengalaman menjual tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hubungan, pengalaman menjual berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kompetensi menjual, pengalaman menjual berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja tenaga penjualan, kompetensi menjual tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja tenaga penjualan, kualitas hubungan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja tenaga penjualan. Penelitian ini memberikan beberapa keterbatasan penelitian serta agenda penelitian mendatang yang bisa dilakukan pada penelitian selanjutnya.

Association between Optimism, Psychosocial Well Being and Oral Health: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Thiruvenkadam ◽  
Sharath Asokan ◽  
J Baby John ◽  
PR Geetha Priya
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the association of optimism and psychosocial well being of school going children on their oral health status. Study design: The study included 12- to 15-year-old school going children (N = 2014) from Tamilnadu, India. Optimism was measured using the revised version of the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). A questionnaire was sent to the parents regarding their child's psychosocial behavior which included shyness, feeling inferiority, unhappiness and friendliness. Clinical examination for each child was done to assess the DMFT score and OHI-S score. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test with the aid of SPSS software (version 17). Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). The p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Boys with high optimism had significantly lesser DMFT score than the boys with low optimism (p=0.001). Girls with high optimism had significantly higher DMFT score (p=0.001). In psychosocial outcomes, inferiority (p=0.002) and friendliness (p=0.001) showed significant association with DMFT score. Among the boys, children who felt less inferior (p=0.001), less unhappy (p=0.029) and more friendly (p=0.001) had lesser DMFT score. Conclusion: Among the psychosocial outcomes assessed, inferiority and friendliness had significant association with oral health of the children and hence, can be used as a proxy measures oral health.

scholarly journals Effect of Grandmother-Mother Relationship on Grandmother-Grandchildren Ties: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Coparenting

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Hye Jeong Choi ◽  
Jeong Shin An
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fit Index

This study showed that the association between grandmother-mother relationship and grandmother-grandchildren ties is mediated by the coparenting. Participants consisted of 329 grandmothers who were rearing preschool aged grandchildren in the Seoul and Gyeonggido area. SPSS 23.0 performed descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis. The structural equation model was estimated with AMOS 23.0. Parameters were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Model fit index used the chi-square statistic, the goodness of fit index (GFI), the Turker-Lewis index (TLI), the comparative fit index (CFI), the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). The mediation effect analysis followed a two-step verification process; direct and indirect effect. In addition, statistical significance of the indirect effect was examined using a bootstrapping procedure. The results are as follows. First, a positive correlation was found between the grandmother-mother relationship, grandmother-grandchildren ties, and coparenting. Second, the association between grandmother-mother relationship and grandmother-grandchildren ties is mediated by coparenting. The results of this study suggest that the quality of the grandmother’s relationship with mothers and cooperative coparenting is important to building relationships with grandchildren. In addition, coparenting can be an important mechanism for grandmother-mother relationships and grandmother-grandchild ties. Based on the results of this study, we discussed ways to improve the grandmothers’ relationship quality with the mother and strengthen parenting ability.

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