Analysis of solid cancer incidence risk among the population exposed in the East Urals Radioactive Trace over 1957–2009

Purpose: Assessment of solid cancer incidence risk in the cohort of exposed population on the territory of the East Urals radioactive trace over the period of follow-up from 1957 to 2014 with the use of the individual doses provided by the latest TRDS dosimetry system. Material and methods: The explosion of the liquid radioactive waste storage tank at the «Mayak» Production Association on 29 September 1957 led to the pollution of the territories of the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk Regions and the formation of the EURT, and the population residing on its territory was subjected to protracted chronic external and internal exposure. The analyzed cohort includes 21,384 people, 2,055 of whom received additional radiation before the 1957 accident due to residing in one of the Techa River settlements. The mean dose to the stomach for the members of the EURT cohort was 36 mGy, the maximum — 1.13 Gy. The analysis was performed using the DATAB and AMFIT programs (statistical software package EPICURE). A simple parametric model of excess relative risk (ERR) was used. Statistical significance and confidence intervals were obtained using the maximum likelihood method. Results: As a result of the analysis of the solid cancer incidence risk in the EURT cohort during the 57-year follow-up period using the linear model and the 5-year latent period, a statistically significant ERR was obtained which equals to 0.052 / 100 mGy (95 % CI 0.01–0.10, p = 0.02) in the entire EURT cohort. When the group of people additionally exposed on the Techa River before the 1957 accident was excluded from the cohort, the risk became insignificant. No significant modification of the dose dependence by non-radiation factors was revealed. The obtained results are compared well with the previous studies of the exposed population in the Southern Urals which were conducted in the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, as well as in the world, devoted to the study of the effects of radiation exposure on population.

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Solid cancer incidence risk in in the Ural cohort of the accidentally exposed population: 1956–2017

Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene ◽

10.21514/1998-426x-2020-13-3-6-17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 6-17

Author(s):

L. Yu. Krestinina ◽

S. S. Silkin ◽

L. D. Mikryukova ◽

S. B. Epifanova ◽

A. V. Akleyev

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Chronic Exposure ◽

Excess Relative Risk ◽

Solid Cancer ◽

The Southern Urals ◽

Exposed Population ◽

Incidence Risk ◽

Incidence Analysis

To date, the study of the effects of chronic exposure of the South Ural population has been carried out in two separate cohorts – in the Techa River Cohort and in the East Urals Radioactive Trace Cohort. In 2019, the Ural cohort of accidentally exposed population was formed. It included the population exposed in two radiation situations in the Southern Urals in the 1950s. The number of the combined cohort for the cancer incidence analysis was about 60 thousand people, the follow-up period was extended to 2017, the number of solid cancers was 4537, and the number of person-years was 1283267, which is 3 times more than when analyzing the effects of exposure in each of the two radiation situations separately. In the incidence analysis of all solid cancer types, we used the dose accumulated in the walls of the stomach, which corresponds to the dose accumulated in most organs and tissues with the exception of bone tissue and red bone marrow. The mean dose to the stomach accumulated over the entire follow-up period for cohort members was 38 mGy, the maximum -1.13 Gy. The paper presents the first results of solid cancer incidence risk analysis in the combined cohort, which show a statistically significant dose dependence of the incidence in case of chronic exposure in the range of low and medium doses. The sex and age-averaged excess relative risk value of 0.075/100 mGy (the 95% confidence interval is 0.039–0.113) is comparable to that obtained in the studies of the Japanese cohort of atomic bomb survivors. The statistically significant excess relative risk value of 0.047/100 mGy, obtained separately for men, is in good agreement with that in professional cohorts where men prevail – in the cohort of the Chernobyl NPP accident clean-up workers and in the cohort of professional workers in the three countries (UK, France, USA). The established cohort with a long follow-up period has a great potential for furthermore detailed studies of the effects of radiation and non-radiation factors on public health.

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Comments on “Solid Cancer Incidence among the Life Span Study of Atomic Bomb Survivors: 1958-2009” (Radiat Res 2017; 187:513–537)

Radiation Research ◽

10.1667/rr4811.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 188 (3) ◽

pp. 369-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

SMJ Mortazavi ◽

Mohan Doss

Keyword(s):

Life Span ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Atomic Bomb ◽

Solid Cancer ◽

Life Span Study ◽

Atomic Bomb Survivors

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Distinguishing the common components of oil- and water-based metalworking fluids for assessment of cancer incidence risk in autoworkers

American Journal of Industrial Medicine ◽

10.1002/ajim.20932 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 450-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Melissa C. Friesen ◽

Sadie Costello ◽

Sally W. Thurston ◽

Ellen A. Eisen

Keyword(s):

Cancer Incidence ◽

Metalworking Fluids ◽

Water Based ◽

Incidence Risk ◽

The Common ◽

Common Components

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Increased Overall Mortality Even after Risk Reducing Surgery for BRCA-Positive Women in Western Sweden

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10121046 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1046

Author(s):

Anna Öfverholm ◽

Zakaria Einbeigi ◽

Antonia Wigermo ◽

Erik Holmberg ◽

Per Karsson

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

General Population ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Population Based ◽

Pathology Report ◽

Breast And Ovarian Cancer ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Incidence Risk ◽

Risk Reducing ◽

Overall Mortality

Women with BRCA variants have a high lifetime risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the standard incidence ratios (SIR) for breast and ovarian cancer and standard mortality ratios (SMR) in a population-based cohort of women in Western Sweden, under surveillance and after risk reducing surgery. Women who tested positive for a BRCA variant between 1995–2016 (n = 489) were prospectively registered and followed up for cancer incidence, risk reducing surgery and mortality. The Swedish Cancer Register was used to compare breast and ovarian cancer incidence and mortality with and without risk reducing surgery for women with BRCA variants in comparison to women in the general population. SIR for breast cancer under surveillance until risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) was 14.0 (95% CI 9.42–20.7) and decreased to 1.93 (95% CI 0.48–7.7) after RRM. The SIR for ovarian cancer was 124.6 (95% CI 59.4–261.3) under surveillance until risk reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) and decreased to 13.5 (95% CI 4.34–41.8) after RRSO. The SMR under surveillance before any risk reducing surgery was 5.56 (95% 2.09–14.8) and after both RRM and RRSO 4.32 (95% CI 1.62–11.5). Women with cancer diagnoses from the pathology report after risk reducing surgery were excluded from the analyses. Risk reducing surgery reduced the incidence of breast and ovarian cancer in women with BRCA variants. However, overall mortality was significantly increased in comparison to the women in the general population and remained elevated even after risk reducing surgery. These findings warrant further research regarding additional measures for these women.

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