Solid Cancer Incidence Risk among the Population Exposed  in the East Urals Radioactive Trace over 1957–2014

Purpose: Assessment of solid cancer incidence risk in the cohort of exposed population on the territory of the East Urals radioactive trace over the period of follow-up from 1957 to 2014 with the use of the individual doses provided by the latest TRDS dosimetry system. Material and methods: The explosion of the liquid radioactive waste storage tank at the «Mayak» Production Association on 29 September 1957 led to the pollution of the territories of the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk Regions and the formation of the EURT, and the population residing on its territory was subjected to protracted chronic external and internal exposure. The analyzed cohort includes 21,384 people, 2,055 of whom received additional radiation before the 1957 accident due to residing in one of the Techa River settlements. The mean dose to the stomach for the members of the EURT cohort was 36 mGy, the maximum — 1.13 Gy. The analysis was performed using the DATAB and AMFIT programs (statistical software package EPICURE). A simple parametric model of excess relative risk (ERR) was used. Statistical significance and confidence intervals were obtained using the maximum likelihood method. Results: As a result of the analysis of the solid cancer incidence risk in the EURT cohort during the 57-year follow-up period using the linear model and the 5-year latent period, a statistically significant ERR was obtained which equals to 0.052 / 100 mGy (95 % CI 0.01–0.10, p = 0.02) in the entire EURT cohort. When the group of people additionally exposed on the Techa River before the 1957 accident was excluded from the cohort, the risk became insignificant. No significant modification of the dose dependence by non-radiation factors was revealed. The obtained results are compared well with the previous studies of the exposed population in the Southern Urals which were conducted in the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, as well as in the world, devoted to the study of the effects of radiation exposure on population.

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Solid cancer incidence risk in in the Ural cohort of the accidentally exposed population: 1956–2017

Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene ◽

10.21514/1998-426x-2020-13-3-6-17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 6-17

Author(s):

L. Yu. Krestinina ◽

S. S. Silkin ◽

L. D. Mikryukova ◽

S. B. Epifanova ◽

A. V. Akleyev

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Chronic Exposure ◽

Excess Relative Risk ◽

Solid Cancer ◽

The Southern Urals ◽

Exposed Population ◽

Incidence Risk ◽

Incidence Analysis

To date, the study of the effects of chronic exposure of the South Ural population has been carried out in two separate cohorts – in the Techa River Cohort and in the East Urals Radioactive Trace Cohort. In 2019, the Ural cohort of accidentally exposed population was formed. It included the population exposed in two radiation situations in the Southern Urals in the 1950s. The number of the combined cohort for the cancer incidence analysis was about 60 thousand people, the follow-up period was extended to 2017, the number of solid cancers was 4537, and the number of person-years was 1283267, which is 3 times more than when analyzing the effects of exposure in each of the two radiation situations separately. In the incidence analysis of all solid cancer types, we used the dose accumulated in the walls of the stomach, which corresponds to the dose accumulated in most organs and tissues with the exception of bone tissue and red bone marrow. The mean dose to the stomach accumulated over the entire follow-up period for cohort members was 38 mGy, the maximum -1.13 Gy. The paper presents the first results of solid cancer incidence risk analysis in the combined cohort, which show a statistically significant dose dependence of the incidence in case of chronic exposure in the range of low and medium doses. The sex and age-averaged excess relative risk value of 0.075/100 mGy (the 95% confidence interval is 0.039–0.113) is comparable to that obtained in the studies of the Japanese cohort of atomic bomb survivors. The statistically significant excess relative risk value of 0.047/100 mGy, obtained separately for men, is in good agreement with that in professional cohorts where men prevail – in the cohort of the Chernobyl NPP accident clean-up workers and in the cohort of professional workers in the three countries (UK, France, USA). The established cohort with a long follow-up period has a great potential for furthermore detailed studies of the effects of radiation and non-radiation factors on public health.

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Analysis of solid cancer incidence risk among the population exposed in the East Urals Radioactive Trace over 1957–2009

Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene ◽

10.21514/1998-426x-2017-10-1-36-46 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 36-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. S. Silkin ◽

L. Yu. Krestinina ◽

E. I. Tolstykh ◽

S. B. Epifanova

Keyword(s):

Cancer Incidence ◽

Solid Cancer ◽

Incidence Risk ◽

Radioactive Trace

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Breast cancer incidence risk in accidentally exposed persons of the Southern Urals

Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene ◽

10.21514/1998-426x-2021-14-3-69-79 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 69-79

Author(s):

L. Yu. Krestinina ◽

L. D. Mikryukova ◽

S. A. Shalaginov ◽

S. S. Silkin ◽

S. B. Epifanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Latency Period ◽

Southern Urals ◽

Likelihood Method ◽

The Southern Urals ◽

Techa River ◽

Incidence Risk ◽

The Impact

The objective of the paper is to assess the breast cancer incidence risk in the Ural cohort of accidentally exposed population. The cohort of people exposed in the Southern Urals on the Techa River and in the East Ural Radioactive Trace was created in 2018. This is the first time that breast cancer risk analysis in women in this cohort is being carried out. Over the period from 1956 to 2018, 337breast cancer cases and 741,533person-years at risk were reported in the female subcohort in the incidence catchment area. Mean accumulated dose to the mammary gland, calculated using the TRDS-2016 dosimetry system, was 46 mGy, the maximum dose was 1 Gy. Regression analysis was performed using the EPICURE software package. Statistical significance with 95% probability was assessed by the maximum likelihood method. As a result of the analysis, a statistically significant linear dependence of breast cancer parameters on the dose was obtained. Excess relative risk for the follow-up period from 1956 through 2018 for members of the female subcohort with a 5-year latency period was 2.39 / Gy. The paper also discusses the impact of available for analyses non-radiation factors on both baseline rates of breast cancer incidence and those associated with radiation exposure. These results do not contradict those obtained in the previous study in the Techa River Cohort separately, and in the Japanese L SS cohort of atomic bomb survivors.

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Solid Cancer Incidence in the Techa River Incidence Cohort: 1956–2007

Radiation Research ◽

10.1667/rr14023.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 184 (1) ◽

pp. 56-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

F. G. Davis ◽

L. Yu. Krestinina ◽

D. Preston ◽

S. Epifanova ◽

M. Degteva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Incidence ◽

Solid Cancer ◽

Techa River

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Radiogenic risk of solid cancer incidence in persons exposed to radiation in childhood in the Southern Urals

Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene ◽

10.21514/1998-426x-2021-14-1-49-59 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 49-59

Author(s):

L. Yu. Krestinina ◽

S. A. Shalaginov ◽

S. S. Silkin ◽

S. B. Epifanova ◽

A. V. Akleyev

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Risk Analysis ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Southern Urals ◽

In Utero ◽

Excess Relative Risk ◽

Solid Cancer ◽

The Southern Urals ◽

Techa River ◽

Incidence Analysis

The aim of this work is to assess the radiogenic risk of solid cancers incidence in the members of the Urals Childhood Exposure Cohort. The cohort includes people exposed under 20 years of age as a result of two radiation accidents at the Mayak Production Association in the Southern Urals (discharges of radioactive waste into the Techa River and the formation of the East Ural radioactive trace). The number of the cohort for solid cancer incidence analysis is 31,578 individuals. All the members were postnatally exposed and some of them – in-utero. Some of their parents were exposed before conception. 2,018 solid cancers were registered on the incidence catchment area during the period 1956-2018, the total amount of person years was 818,083. The analysis was carried out by the Poisson regression method with a simple parametric excess relative risk model. 95% confidence intervals were estimated with maximum likelihood approach. Only a postnatal dose was used in the first solid cancer incidence analysis of this cohort members with due account for preconception exposure of parents. TRDS-2016 mean postnatal dose accumulated over the entire follow-up period in the stomach of cohort members was 0.047 Gy. The analysis showed linear dependence of solid cancer incidence excess relative risk on postnatal dose. Excess relative risk was 0.66/Gy, р=0.006 with a five-year latency period. While estimating excess relative risk in different age groups at the beginning of exposure, a significant risk was present only in the age group under 1 year and amounted to 2.16/Gy; р<0.02 at the onset of exposure. The present results are in agreement with the results of the solid cancer incidence risk analysis both in the Techa River Cohort of exposed In-Utero where a statistically significant excess relative risk from a postnatal dose was revealed, and with the results of risk analysis in the Japanese cohort of people exposed in-utero and in early childhood.

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Solid cancer incidence and low-dose-rate radiation exposures in the Techa River cohort: 1956 2002

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dym121 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 1038-1046 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

L Y. Krestinina ◽

F Davis ◽

E. Ostroumova ◽

S. Epifanova ◽

M. Degteva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dose Rate ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Low Dose ◽

Solid Cancer ◽

Low Dose Rate ◽

Techa River

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Estimating of radiation risks of malignant neoplasms among Russian Chernobyl cleanup workers

Radiation and Risk Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry ◽

10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-1-58-77 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 58-77

Author(s):

V.V. Kashcheev ◽

◽

S.Yu. Chekin ◽

S.V. Karpenko ◽

M.A. Maksioutov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Radiation Risk ◽

Excess Relative Risk ◽

Solid Cancer ◽

Radiation Doses ◽

Risk Coefficient ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Cleanup Workers

The paper considers radiation risks of solid cancer incidence and mortality, as well as risk of leu-kemia incidence (other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia) among Russian Chernobyl cleanup workers (liquidators). The study of the cohort of liquidators carried out at the National Radiation Epidemiological Registry (NRER) was based on the follow-up data collected from 1992 over 2019. The size of the Chernobyl cleanup workers cohort exceeded 65 thousand people, their av-erage age at the time of entering the exclusion zone was 34 years, the average external gamma radiation dose received by liquidators during their cleanup work was about 0.133 Gy. Radiation-induced risks of solid cancer incidence and mortality in the study cohort were statistically signifi-cant, the risk magnitude rose with increasing the follow-up length. For the maximum follow-up period, from 1992 over 2019, the excess relative risk coefficient for solid cancer incidence was ERR/Gy=0.62, 95% CI (0.29; 0.98), and excess relative risk coefficient for solid cancer mortality was ERR/Gy=0.74, 95% CI (0.32; 1.22), the estimated coefficients were in good agreement with similar coefficients calcu-lated for the Russian liquidators with the use of ICRP radiation risk models. Non-parametric esti-mates of relative radiation risk within the same dose intervals for solid cancers and for leukemias in the cohort of liquidators were statistically significant for radiation doses above 0.150 Gy. For radiation doses below 0,150 Гр the linear non-threshold model is conservative, i.e. there was ev-idence for statistically significant radiation risk of leukemia incidence among liquidators during the first 11 years after the accident, from 1986 over 1997, ERR/Gy=4.41, 95% CI (0.24; 14.23). In later years, until 2018 there was no evidence of radiation-related risk of leukemia incidence. Out-comes of future studies will impact on optimization of radiological protection, development of reference levels for Russian general public exposure and improvement of the system for delivery of targeted medical care to people exposed to radiation.

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Impacts of High Concentration, Medium Duration Coal Mine Fire Related PM2.5 on Cancer Incidence: 5-Year Follow-Up of the Hazelwood Health Study

Environmental Health Insights ◽

10.1177/11786302211059722 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 117863022110597

Author(s):

Pei Yu ◽

Yuming Guo ◽

Caroline X Gao ◽

Christina Dimitriadis ◽

Jillian F Ikin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Incidence ◽

Coal Mine ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Health Study ◽

High Concentration ◽

Mine Fire ◽

Exposed Population ◽

Coal Mine Fire ◽

Risk Of Cancer

No studies have investigated the cancer outcomes from high level medium duration coal mine fire fine particulate matter ⩽2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) exposure. We included 2208 Morwell residents (exposed) and 646 Sale residents (unexposed) who participated in the Hazelwood Health Study Adult Survey. Competing risk regression models were used to evaluate relationships between coal mine fire exposure and cancer incidence, adjusting for known confounders. There were 137 cancers in the exposed and 27 in the unexposed over 14 849 person-years of follow-up. A higher risk of cancer incidence was observed for Morwell participants (HR = 1.67 [95% CI 1.05-2.67]), but no evidence to suggest associations between PM2.5 exposure and incidence of all cancers (HR = 1.02 [95% CI 0.91-1.13]), or site-specific cancers. There is no strong evidence that exposure to high concentrations of mine fire-related PM2.5 over a prolonged period could explain the higher risk in exposed population in this study.

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