scholarly journals Use of alendronate in the therapy of osteoporosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
O. B. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Proven Efficacy ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Treatment of osteoporosis is a difficult task due to the need for long-term medication and maximum safety. The main goal of osteoporosis treatment is to prevent bone fractures. According to the national clinical guidelines for the treatment of osteoporosis, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates are among the first-line drugs for the prevention and treatment of this disease. The diversity in the side chain structure determines the strength with which bisphosphonates bind to hydroxyapatite, are distributed, and remain in bone tissue for a certain time after treatment has been completed. They are the drugs of choice as they have proven efficacy in reducing the risk of fractures, and at the same time an acceptable safety profile. Bisphosphonates are the most well-known and studied drugs, successfully used in all countries for the treatment of various forms of osteoporosis. When using oral forms of bisphosphonates, the most expected undesirable phenomenon is esophagitis. The development of new forms of well-known and proven medicines that reduce adverse events and increase adherence to treatment is extremely important and promising. Of the latest achievements in this regard, it should be noted a new form of alendronate-Binosto-effervescent soluble tablet, the use of which reduces the risk of irritating effects on the upper gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Atypical femoral fractures: risks and benefits of long-term treatment of osteoporosis with anti-resorptive therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. R81-R87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A Adler
Keyword(s):  
Osteoporotic Fracture ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Atypical Femoral Fractures ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Endocrine Disease ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Term Management

Modern osteoporosis treatment began in the mid-1990s with the approval of amino-bisphosphonates, anti-resorptive agents that have been shown to decrease osteoporotic fracture risk by about half. In 2005, the first cases of atypical femoral fractures (AFF), occurring in the shaft of the femur, were reported. Since then, more cases have been found, leading to great concern among patients and a dramatic decrease in bisphosphonate prescribing. The pathogenesis and incidence of AFF are reviewed herein. Management and an approach to prevention or early detection of AFF are also provided. Denosumab, a more recently approved anti-resorptive medication has also been associated with AFF. Long-term management of osteoporosis and prevention of fracture are challenging in light of this serious but uncommon side effect, yet with an aging population osteoporotic fracture is destined to increase in frequency.

scholarly journals Analysis of adherence to treatment of patients with osteoporosis in the Omsk region (based on materials from the regional Center for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Elena A. Vilms ◽  
Evgeniya V. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
Maria S. Turchaninova ◽  
Elena A. Bykova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Background. Non-adherence to treatment, especially in chronic conditions, is a significant problem facing clinical medicine. Failure to adhere to treatment recommendations is often noted in the treatment of osteoporosis, which reduces the effectiveness of anti-osteoporotic drugs and a set of measures to prevent the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures.Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the adherence of patients of the Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis to treatment with anti-osteoporotic drugs of pathogenetic action.Materials and methods. This continuous observational study analyzed the adherence to long-term anti-osteoporotic therapy of patients observed at the Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, the reasons for discontinuing treatment, doctors’ preferences in prescribing anti-osteoporotic therapy, reasons for changing the anti-osteoporotic drug. The study period is from July to December 2019.Results. During the analyzed period, 625 patients turned to the Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. The preferences of doctors when prescribing anti-osteoporotic therapy have changed: the proportion of prescriptions for zoledronic acid and denosumab increased, mainly due to a reduction in the prescriptions of strontium ranelate, as well as risendronic acid, teriparatide, and calcitonin was no longer prescribed. Among 370 patients who received a therapeutic appointment (with an already known outcome of a therapeutic appointment), 40.0 ± 2.5% were non-compliant. Including: 9.7 ± 1.5% did not start taking the drug, interrupted the course ahead of schedule — 28.7 ± 2.4%. The termination of the course of therapy in 57.7% of cases was unauthorized, in another 42.3% it was associated with side effects. Patients started and continued further therapy with the initially prescribed drug in 53.8% of cases. As expected, the best adherence rates were found for drugs with parenteral administration once a year (zoledronic acid).Conclusions. Comparative analysis of the prescriptions of the main drugs of the pathogenetic action of patients of the center for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis showed low compliance.

scholarly journals Crohn's Disease of the Esophagus, Duodenum, and Stomach

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Schwartzberg ◽  
Stephen Brandstetter ◽  
Alexis L. Grucela
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
First Line ◽  
Marginal Ulceration ◽  
Gastroduodenal Disease ◽  
Distal Disease ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

AbstractUpper gastrointestinal Crohn's is an under-reported, under-recognized phenotype of Crohn's disease. Routine screening in the pediatric population has shown a higher prevalence compared with adults; however, most adult patients remain asymptomatic with respect to upper gastrointestinal Crohn's disease. For the patients who are symptomatic, medical treatment is the first line of management, except for cases of obstruction, perforation, or bleeding. Though most patients respond to medical therapy, mainly steroids, with the addition of immunomodulators and more recently biologics agents, surgical intervention is usually required only for obstructing gastroduodenal disease secondary to strictures. Strictureplasty and bypass are safe operations with comparable morbidity, although bypass has higher rates of dumping syndrome and marginal ulceration in the long term. Rare cases of gastroduodenal fistulous disease from active distal disease may involve the stomach or duodenum, and esophageal Crohn's disease can fistulize to surrounding structures in the mediastinum which may require the highly morbid esophagectomy.

scholarly journals Clinical practice: the place of calcium supplements and vitamin D in the treatment of osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.В. Добровольская ◽  
Н.В. Торопцова
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Receive Treatment

Целью данного исследования было оценить место комбинированных препаратов кальция и витамина D в структуре лечения женщин в постменопаузе с остеопорозом, осложненным низкоэнергетическим переломом, и приверженность к ним в реальной клинической практике. Проанкетированы 196 женщин в постменопаузе (средний возраст 65,8 ± 9,1 года), перенесших низкоэнергетические переломы различных локализаций. Оценка структуры противоостеопоротической терапии и приверженности к лечению осуществлялась в течение 3 месяцев после перелома. 61%, 62%, 58% и 42% женщин получали противоостеопоротическую терапию через 4 месяца, 1, 2 и 3 года после перелома соответственно. Среди них только препаратами кальция и витамина D лечились 46%, 38%, 34% и 19% опрошенных соответственно. 49% респонденток, не получавших лечения по поводу остеопороза, в качестве причины указали отсутствие рекомендаций лечащего врача. Приверженными к приему препаратов кальция и витамина D в течение 1, 2 и 3 лет после перелома были 44%, 30% и 17% пациенток соответственно. Наиболее приверженными к лечению были лица, проконсультированные в специализированном центре по остеопорозу. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о том, что женщинам после произошедшего перелома препараты кальция и витамина D назначались значимо чаще, чем патогенетические противоостеопоротические лекарственные средства. С увеличением срока после произошедшего перелома отмечалось снижение приверженности к приему кальция и витамина D, что демонстрирует необходимость более активного разъяснения пациенткам целесообразности длительного противоостеопоротического лечения, включая прием кальция и витамина D. The aim of this study was to assess the place of combined calcium and vitamin D preparations in the structure of treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis complicated by low-energy fracture, and adherence to them in real clinical practice. A total of 196 postmenopausal women (mean age 65.8 ± 9.1 years) who had undergone low-energy fractures of various localizations were questioned. The structure of anti-osteoporotic therapy and adherence to treatment were assessed within 3 months after the fracture. 61%, 62%, 58% and 42% of women received anti-osteoporotic therapy at 4 months, 1, 2 and 3 years after the fracture, respectively. Among them, only calcium and vitamin D preparations were treated by 46%, 38%, 34% and 19% of the respondents, respectively. 49% of respondents who did not receive treatment for osteoporosis indicated the absence of recommendations from their doctor as the reason. Adherents to calcium and vitamin D supplementation for 1, 2 and 3 years after fracture were 44%, 30% and 17% of patients, respectively. The most adherent to treatment were those consulted at a specialized osteoporosis center. The results of the study indicate that after a fracture occurred to women, calcium and vitamin D preparations were prescribed significantly more often than pathogenetic anti-osteoporotic drugs. With an increase in the period after the fracture occurred, a decrease in adherence to calcium and vitamin D intake was noted, which demonstrates the need for a more active explanation to patients of the advisability of long-term anti-osteoporotic treatment, including calcium and vitamin D intake.

Long-Term Sustained Disease Control With Immunotherapy in Chemotherapy-Refractory Merkel Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Deborah Yihler ◽  
Kathrin Vollmer ◽  
Antonio Cozzio
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Merkel Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Merkel Cell ◽  
First Line ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Responses

ABSTRACT Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and difficult-to-treat cutaneous malignancy with a poor prognosis. Treatment protocols for localized MCC are well established. Until recently, metastatic MCC has generally been treated with chemotherapy, which was often associated with poor clinical responses and significant toxicity. In this report, the case of a patient with metastatic MCC who received avelumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, after an inadequate response to first-line radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is presented. Nine months after the initiation of the treatment with avelumab, the patient achieved a partial remission with no treatment-related adverse events. After a follow-up of 17 months, a systematically ongoing partial response was reported. In conclusion, this case study offers a clinical insight into the patient’s case and highlights the importance of immunotherapy as a first-line therapy for metastatic MCC.

scholarly journals Relationship of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 side chain structure to biological activity.

1975 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
M F Holick ◽  
M Garabedian ◽  
H K Schnoes ◽  
H F DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals First line treatment selection modifies disease course and long-term clinical outcomes in Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoharu Fukushima ◽  
Seigo Kitada ◽  
Sho Komukai ◽  
Tomoki Kuge ◽  
Takanori Matsuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Standard Regimen ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
First Line Treatment

AbstractThe combination of rifamycin (RFP), ethambutol (EB), and macrolides is currently the standard regimen for treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD). However, poor adherence to the standardized regimens recommended by current guidelines have been reported. We undertook a single-centred retrospective cohort study to evaluate the long-term outcomes in 295 patients with MAC-PD following first line treatment with standard (RFP, EB, clarithromycin [CAM]) or alternative (EB and CAM with or without fluoroquinolones (FQs) or RFP, CAM, and FQs) regimens. In this cohort, 80.7% were treated with standard regimens and 19.3% were treated with alternative regimens. After heterogeneity was statistically corrected using propensity scores, outcomes were superior in patients treated with standard regimens. Furthermore, alternative regimens were significantly and independently associated with sputum non-conversion, treatment failure and emergence of CAM resistance. Multivariate cox regression analysis revealed that older age, male, old tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, higher C-reactive protein, and cavity were positively associated with mortality, while higher body mass index and M. avium infection were negatively associated with mortality. These data suggest that, although different combination regimens are not associated with mortality, first line administration of a standard RFP + EB + macrolide regimen offers the best chance of preventing disease progression in MAC-PD patients.

Palliative brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy for dysphagia from esophageal cancer: a nationwide survey in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terufumi Kawamoto ◽  
Naoki Nakamura ◽  
Tetsuo Saito ◽  
Ayako Tonari ◽  
Hitoshi Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
External Beam ◽  
First Line ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Radiotherapy Alone ◽  
Group Members ◽  
First Line Treatment

Abstract Background International guidelines recommend brachytherapy for patients with dysphagia from esophageal cancer, whereas brachytherapy is infrequently used to palliate dysphagia in some countries. To clarify the availability of palliative treatment for dysphagia from esophageal cancer and explain why brachytherapy is not routinely performed are unknown, this study investigated the use of brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy for dysphagia from esophageal cancer. Methods Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group members completed a survey and selected the treatment that they would recommend for hypothetical cases of dysphagia from esophageal cancer. Results Of the 136 invited facilities, 61 completed the survey (44.9%). Four (6.6%) facilities performed brachytherapy of the esophagus, whereas brachytherapy represented the first-line treatment at three (4.9%) facilities. Conversely, external beam radiotherapy alone and chemoradiotherapy were first-line treatments at 61 and 58 (95.1%) facilities, respectively. In facilities that performed brachytherapy, the main reason why brachytherapy of the esophagus was not performed was high invasiveness (30.2%). Definitive-dose chemoradiotherapy with (≥50 Gy) tended to be used in patients with expected long-term survival. Conclusions Few facilities routinely considered brachytherapy for the treatment of dysphagia from esophageal cancer in Japan. Conversely, most facilities routinely considered external beam radiotherapy. In the future, it will be necessary to optimize external beam radiotherapy.

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