scholarly journals Elimination and irrigation therapy to optimize the state of the nasal microbiome in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Olga E. Chelpachenko ◽  
Elena I. Danilova ◽  
Irina N. Chainikova
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The State ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nasal Microbiota

The article summarizes the results of the work of domestic and foreign researchers on the study of homeostasis of the nasal cavity, including the state of the microbiota of the nasal mucosa in healthy children and in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The normal microbiota of the nasal cavity is represented by corynebacteria (diphtheroids), neisseria, coagulasenegative staphylococci, alpha-hemolytic streptococci. From among the transient species, such species as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherihia coli, beta-hemolytic streptococci would be found in the specified biotope. The main attention is paid to the features of the nasal microbiota in newborns and young children (dependence of the nasal microbiota on the type of feeding, age and season). The role of hypercolonization by opportunistic microflora and its persistent potential (ability to biofilm formation, degradation of lysozyme, interferon) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract is noted. The pathogenetic mechanisms providing multilevel protection of the organism from pathogens are considered. The expediency of using elimination-irrigation therapy as a hygienic means of sanitizing the nasal cavity in young children has been determined. The questions about the advantages of the use of isotonic solutions, their effectiveness for ensuring normal colonization resistance of the nasal mucosa are discussed. In conclusion, we must say that for hygienic care and sanitation purposes it is recommended only to rinse the nasal mucosa in newborns and infants using drops of isotonic saline solution and an aspirator to avoid aspiration and inflow of liquid into the cavity of Eustachian tube and middle ear, and also for the preventive purposes, as it allows to maintain homeostasis of the nasal mucosa and prevent the development of acute respiratory diseases.

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS OF CHANGES IN THE NASAL CAVITY MICROBIOME IN CHILDREN WITH MALIGNANT PARAMENINGEAL TUMORS DURING CHEMORADIATION THERAPY

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
A.D. Rodina ◽  
◽  
T.V. Gorbunova ◽  
O.A. Merkulov ◽  
N.V. Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Malignant tumors of parameningeal localization are various morphological neoplasms located in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses and middle ear. As a result of tumor growth, conditions are created for the development of chronic inflammation. Studies of the microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in children with malignant tumors were practically not conducted. Objective of the research: to identify changes in the microbiome of the nasal cavity in children with malignant tumors of parameningeal localization during chemoradiotherapy. Materials and methods: the study included 29 patients with parameningeal tumors, 2–17 years old. Among the included in the study there were 18 boys (62%) and 11 girls (37%). Morphologically, the following were verified: embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) – 17 (58%), alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (arms) – 3 (10%), other sarcomas – 4 (13%), nasopharyngeal cancer – 5 (17%). All patients received induction chemotherapy. Simultaneous radiotherapy (LT) and chemotherapy (CT) – in 24 (82%) cases. After completing the chemoradiotherapy stage, consolidation therapy continued in 20 (70%) patients. Results: before the start of LT (after the induction stage of chemotherapy), a variety of microflora was observed in the nasal secretions, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were isolated in an equal ratio. The absence of growth of microorganisms was determined in 4 (13%) cases before the start of LT. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were more frequently detected after LT. Colonization of the nasal cavity of Candida albicans occurred before the start of LT in 4 (13%) and persisted after irradiation in 5 (17%) patients. In the delayed period, there was an increase in the percentage of patients who ridiculed gram-negative microorganisms – Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 4 (13%) cases. After 12 months, 3 (10%) patients showed a return of nosocomial flora (S. epidermidis MRSE and S. haemolyticus MRS), a decrease in colonization of P. aeruginosa and the preservation of C. albicans. Conclusion: at different stages of chemoradiotherapy, the nasal mucosa is colonized by various microorganisms that differ in their properties and pathogenicity. The continuation of this study will clarify the clinical significance of certain types of opportunistic microorganisms in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract in children with malignant tumors.

scholarly journals Immunodiagnostics, immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis in the department of otolaryngology. Message 1. Optimal indicators of systemic immunity in assessing the clinical and laboratory status of patients with inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (analytical generalization)

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Oleg Melnikov ◽  
Diana Zabolotna ◽  
Dmitry Zabolotny
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
The State ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Systemic Immunity ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Introduction: It is considered proven that the state of the immune system determines the development and course of many pathological processes, which are based on inflammation. At the same time, taking into account current trends in assessing the immunological status, conditional variants of deviation from the norm, a decrease in the number of cells from the average statistical norm of the region and control parameters in the performing laboratory by 1.5 or 2 times were adopted, since deviations are within 30-60 % are borderline and quite easily compensated by the body. The aim of the work was to conduct an integrated analysis of data to determine the state of systemic immunity in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (URT) to select the optimal informa-tional indicators. Materials and methods: Immunological methods were used to examine 260 people with inflammatory pa-thology of the upper respiratory tract, of which 82 had chronic tonsillitis, 76 with chronic rhinitis, 70 with chronic pharyngitis and 32 people made up a control group of healthy donors. The age of the subjects ranged from 16 to 60 years, the duration of the disease from 1 year to 5 years, female patients predominated (≈60%). Examinations were conducted in the clinical remission stage. When assessing systemic immunity, the number of T-lymphocytes (CD 3, 4, 8), B-lymphocytes (CD22), NK (CD56), monocytes (CD14), concentration of immunoglobulins of classes M, G, A, E, cytokines with regulatory properties, interferon-γ-IL4 were determined. Functional tests in assessing systemic immunity are presented by determining the cytolytic activity of blood mononuclear cells in relation to avian xenogenic red blood cells and the activity of phagocytic blood cells in relation to latex particles at the absorption stage. Statistical processing was performed using the angular transfor-mation method "φ" according to Fisher and the "one-sided" criterion "U" Wilcoxon. Results: Based on a wide range of immunological studies in patients with chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, it seems most appropriate to use the following laboratory tests to assess systemic immunity to determine the characteristic deviations in the immune status of patients: High diagnostic value: - decreased serum IgA concentration (<0.5 g/l); - low level of activity of ECC of blood (<20% for xenoerythrocytes); - increased level of interleukin-1β (> 25 pg/ml); Relative diagnostic value: - determination of the degree of dysimmunoglobulinemia in serum; - increased titers of antibodies to streptolysin-O, other microbial antigens; - increased serum IgM. Conclusion: The developed criteria and approaches in assessing systemic immunity in patients with in-flammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract can be used to examine patients and assess the effectiveness of the treatment.

Biophysical mechanisms of dehydration of nasal cavity secretion in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
V. V. Shabalin ◽  
G. P. Zaharova ◽  
G. S. Maltseva ◽  
I. I. Chernushevich ◽  
T. A. Aleksanyan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals The upper respiratory tract microbiome of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in ear and nose health and disease.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Coleman ◽  
Julian Zaugg ◽  
Amanda Wood ◽  
Kyra Cottrell ◽  
Eva Grahn Hakansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Novel Bacterium ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nasal Microbiota

Objective: To examine the nasal microbiota in relation to otitis status and nose health in Indigenous Australian children. Methods: Children aged 2-7 years were recruited from two northern Australian (Queensland) communities. Clinical histories were obtained through parent interview and review of the medical record. Nasal cavity swabs were obtained, and the child's ears, nose and throat were examined. DNA was extracted and analysed by 16S rRNA amplicon next generation sequencing of the V3/V4 region in combination with previously generated culture data. Results: 103 children were recruited (mean 4.7 years), 17 (16.8%) were 'healthy', i.e. normal examination and no history of otitis media (OM). Nasal microbiota differed significantly in relation to otitis status and nose health. Children with historical OM had higher relative abundance of Moraxella compared to healthy children, despite both having healthy ears at the time of swabbing. Children with healthy noses had higher relative abundance of S. aureus compared to those with rhinorrhoea. Dolosigranulum was correlated to Corynebacterium in healthy children. Haemophilus and Streptococcus correlated across phenotypes. Ornithobacterium was absent/low relative abundance in healthy children and clustered around otopathogens. It correlated with Helcococcus and Dichelobacter. Conclusions: Dolosigranulum and Corynebacterium form a synergism that promotes URT/ear health in Indigenous Australian children. Ornithobacterium likely represents Candidatus Ornithobacterium hominis and in this population is correlated with a novel bacterium which appears to be related to poor upper respiratory tract/ear health.

scholarly journals Immunodiagnostics, immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis in the clinic of otolaryngology. Message 2. Indicators of local immunity in assessment of clinical and laboratory status of patients in inflammatory ENT diseases (Analytical summary)

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Oleg F. Melnikov ◽  
Dmitry I. Zabolotny ◽  
Diana D. Zabolotna ◽  
Alexander Yu. Bredun ◽  
Oksana G. Rylska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The State ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Topicality: It is considered proven that the state of the immune system determines the development and course of many pathological processes, which are based on inflammation. At the same time, taking into account modern trends in assessing the immunological status, a mandatory component is to determine the state of local immunity in the upper respiratory tract. Aim: to conduct an integral analysis of data to determine the state of local immunity in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (URT) to select the optimal necessary informative indicators. Materials and methods: A generalization of the data of immunological studies of 168 people with inflammatory pathology of the upper respiratory tract (VDS) was carried out, of whom 42 had chronic tonsillitis (CT), 36 – chronic rhinitis (HR – catarrhal form), 40 – chronic pharyngitis (CP), 28 – secretory mean otitis media (CO), 22 people made up the control group (C) of practically healthy donors. The age of the surveyed was from 14 to 60 years, the duration of the diseases was from 1 to 5 years, female patients predominated (~ 60%). The examination was carried out at the stage of clinical remission. The material for the research was mixed saliva, in which the content of immunolobulins and citrokines was investigated by the ELISA method: enzyme immunoassay, the following factors of immunity and inflammation in the CGS were determined: - secretory and monomeric form of immunoglobulin A (Hema Medica, RF); - immunoglobulins of classes G, M (Hema Medica, RF); - interleukins – 1β; 4; 8; 10 (Cytokine, RF); - interferons α and γ (Cytokine, RF); - pro- and defensins (Nucalt bioteknology, Netherlands); - macrophage inflammatory protein-Mip-1b (Assauro, USA); - salivary lysozyme (Diagnostik Nord, Germany). Statistical processing was carried out using the methods of Student’s t-criterion and angular transformation “φ” according to Fisher. Results: Integral of all methods for determining various types of immunity in diseases of the upper respiratory tract with a chronic course is the insufficiency of factors of both innate and acquired immunity, especially during the period of clinical remission of the disease. A special role in protective reactions belongs to the humoral component, in which the most stable indicator is the level of class A secretory immunoglobulin; it has been shown that almost all the studied components of the immune response had abnormalities in the presence of a chronic inflammatory process in the upper respiratory tract and they can be presented as a line the degree of decrease in the frequency of deviations: secretory IgA, IgG., pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β and IL-8), γ-interferon, lysozyme, defensin-β, Mip-1b. Conclusion: The developed criteria and approaches to assessing systemic immunity in patients with inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract can be used in examining patients and assessing the effectiveness of therapy.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Montelukast for Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Children: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Dorreh ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Esmaili ◽  
Parsa Yousefhajian ◽  
Mahdieh Naziri ◽  
Aziz Eghbali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Background: Upper Respiratory tract infection (URTI) or common cold is very prevalent in children particularly in young children. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) like montelukast are effective drugs in asthma and some other respiratory diseases. Our purpose was to study preventive effects of montelukast on pediatric URTI. Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, and double blind trial was performed on 450 healthy children aged 1-5 year in Amir Kabir Hospital, Arak, Iran. Children were randomized 1:1 to placebo group or montelukast group for 12 weeks. Number of URTI episodes and duration were the primary end points and were compared at baseline and after termination of treatment. Results: Mean age was 28 ± 12.3 months. Mean of URTI episodes was 0.7 ± 0.57 in children treated with montelukast and 1.27 ± 0.72 in children treated with placebo, respectively. Differences were statistically significant (P =0.01). A significant difference was seen in URTI duration between two study groups (6.3 ± 6.1 vs 4.1 ± 3.9, P = 0.05). In addition, duration of fever was shorter in children receiving montelukast (P=0.001). Conclusion: Our study indicates that 3 month treatment with montelukast is effective for reducing the incidence of URTI in young children. This treatment has an acceptable safety without any serious concern.

Changes in the parameters of nasal breathing and parameters of the upper respiratory tract during orthognathic operations in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
S.Sh. Gammadaeva ◽  
M.I. Misirkhanova ◽  
A.Yu. Drobyshev
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The study analyzed the functional parameters of nasal breathing, linear parameters of the nasal aperture, nasal cavity and nasopharynx, volumetric parameters of the upper airways in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies before and after orthognathic surgery. The respiratory function of the nose was assessed using a rhinomanometric complex. According to rhinoresistometry data, nasal resistance and hydraulic diameter were assessed. According to the data of acoustic rhinometry, the minimum cross-sectional area along the internal valve, the minimum cross-sectional area on the head of the inferior turbinate and nasal septum and related parameters were estimated. According to the CBCT data, the state of the nasal septum, the inferior turbinates, the nasal aperture, the state of the nasal cavity, and the linear values of the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) were analyzed. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the classification of the patency of the nasal passages by

Upper Respiratory Microbiota in Relation to Ear and Nose Health Among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Coleman ◽  
Seweryn Bialasiewicz ◽  
Robyn L Marsh ◽  
Eva Grahn Håkansson ◽  
Kyra Cottrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Corynebacterium Pseudodiphtheriticum ◽  
Nasal Microbiota ◽  
Respiratory Microbiota

Abstract Background We explored the nasal microbiota in Indigenous Australian children in relation to ear and nasal health. Methods In total, 103 Indigenous Australian children aged 2–7 years (mean 4.7 years) were recruited from 2 Queensland communities. Children’s ears, nose, and throats were examined and upper respiratory tract (URT) swabs collected. Clinical histories were obtained from parents/medical records. URT microbiota were characterized using culturomics with Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identification. Real-time PCR was used to quantify otopathogen (Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis) loads and detect respiratory viruses. Data were analyzed using beta diversity measures, regression modeling, and a correlation network analysis. Results Children with historical/current otitis media (OM) or URT infection (URTI) had higher nasal otopathogen detection and loads and rhinovirus detection compared with healthy children (all P &lt; .04). Children with purulent rhinorrhea had higher nasal otopathogen detection and loads and rhinovirus detection (P &lt; .04) compared with healthy children. High otopathogen loads were correlated in children with historical/current OM or URTI, whereas Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum and Dolosigranulum pigrum were correlated in healthy children. Conclusions Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum and D. pigrum are associated with URT and ear health. The importance of the main otopathogens in URT disease/OM was confirmed, and their role relates to co-colonization and high otopathogens loads.

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