The state of the pharyngeal and palatal tonsils in the children under the modern conditions of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and the pharynx including the application of the immunotropic medications

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Bykova ◽  
P. I. Belavina ◽  
A. G. Ryasanskaya ◽  
A. S. Yunusov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The State ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Immunodiagnostics, immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis in the department of otolaryngology. Message 1. Optimal indicators of systemic immunity in assessing the clinical and laboratory status of patients with inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (analytical generalization)

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Oleg Melnikov ◽  
Diana Zabolotna ◽  
Dmitry Zabolotny
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
The State ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Systemic Immunity ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Introduction: It is considered proven that the state of the immune system determines the development and course of many pathological processes, which are based on inflammation. At the same time, taking into account current trends in assessing the immunological status, conditional variants of deviation from the norm, a decrease in the number of cells from the average statistical norm of the region and control parameters in the performing laboratory by 1.5 or 2 times were adopted, since deviations are within 30-60 % are borderline and quite easily compensated by the body. The aim of the work was to conduct an integrated analysis of data to determine the state of systemic immunity in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (URT) to select the optimal informa-tional indicators. Materials and methods: Immunological methods were used to examine 260 people with inflammatory pa-thology of the upper respiratory tract, of which 82 had chronic tonsillitis, 76 with chronic rhinitis, 70 with chronic pharyngitis and 32 people made up a control group of healthy donors. The age of the subjects ranged from 16 to 60 years, the duration of the disease from 1 year to 5 years, female patients predominated (≈60%). Examinations were conducted in the clinical remission stage. When assessing systemic immunity, the number of T-lymphocytes (CD 3, 4, 8), B-lymphocytes (CD22), NK (CD56), monocytes (CD14), concentration of immunoglobulins of classes M, G, A, E, cytokines with regulatory properties, interferon-γ-IL4 were determined. Functional tests in assessing systemic immunity are presented by determining the cytolytic activity of blood mononuclear cells in relation to avian xenogenic red blood cells and the activity of phagocytic blood cells in relation to latex particles at the absorption stage. Statistical processing was performed using the angular transfor-mation method "φ" according to Fisher and the "one-sided" criterion "U" Wilcoxon. Results: Based on a wide range of immunological studies in patients with chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, it seems most appropriate to use the following laboratory tests to assess systemic immunity to determine the characteristic deviations in the immune status of patients: High diagnostic value: - decreased serum IgA concentration (<0.5 g/l); - low level of activity of ECC of blood (<20% for xenoerythrocytes); - increased level of interleukin-1β (> 25 pg/ml); Relative diagnostic value: - determination of the degree of dysimmunoglobulinemia in serum; - increased titers of antibodies to streptolysin-O, other microbial antigens; - increased serum IgM. Conclusion: The developed criteria and approaches in assessing systemic immunity in patients with in-flammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract can be used to examine patients and assess the effectiveness of the treatment.

scholarly journals Immunodiagnostics, immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis in the clinic of otolaryngology. Message 2. Indicators of local immunity in assessment of clinical and laboratory status of patients in inflammatory ENT diseases (Analytical summary)

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Oleg F. Melnikov ◽  
Dmitry I. Zabolotny ◽  
Diana D. Zabolotna ◽  
Alexander Yu. Bredun ◽  
Oksana G. Rylska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The State ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Topicality: It is considered proven that the state of the immune system determines the development and course of many pathological processes, which are based on inflammation. At the same time, taking into account modern trends in assessing the immunological status, a mandatory component is to determine the state of local immunity in the upper respiratory tract. Aim: to conduct an integral analysis of data to determine the state of local immunity in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (URT) to select the optimal necessary informative indicators. Materials and methods: A generalization of the data of immunological studies of 168 people with inflammatory pathology of the upper respiratory tract (VDS) was carried out, of whom 42 had chronic tonsillitis (CT), 36 – chronic rhinitis (HR – catarrhal form), 40 – chronic pharyngitis (CP), 28 – secretory mean otitis media (CO), 22 people made up the control group (C) of practically healthy donors. The age of the surveyed was from 14 to 60 years, the duration of the diseases was from 1 to 5 years, female patients predominated (~ 60%). The examination was carried out at the stage of clinical remission. The material for the research was mixed saliva, in which the content of immunolobulins and citrokines was investigated by the ELISA method: enzyme immunoassay, the following factors of immunity and inflammation in the CGS were determined: - secretory and monomeric form of immunoglobulin A (Hema Medica, RF); - immunoglobulins of classes G, M (Hema Medica, RF); - interleukins – 1β; 4; 8; 10 (Cytokine, RF); - interferons α and γ (Cytokine, RF); - pro- and defensins (Nucalt bioteknology, Netherlands); - macrophage inflammatory protein-Mip-1b (Assauro, USA); - salivary lysozyme (Diagnostik Nord, Germany). Statistical processing was carried out using the methods of Student’s t-criterion and angular transformation “φ” according to Fisher. Results: Integral of all methods for determining various types of immunity in diseases of the upper respiratory tract with a chronic course is the insufficiency of factors of both innate and acquired immunity, especially during the period of clinical remission of the disease. A special role in protective reactions belongs to the humoral component, in which the most stable indicator is the level of class A secretory immunoglobulin; it has been shown that almost all the studied components of the immune response had abnormalities in the presence of a chronic inflammatory process in the upper respiratory tract and they can be presented as a line the degree of decrease in the frequency of deviations: secretory IgA, IgG., pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β and IL-8), γ-interferon, lysozyme, defensin-β, Mip-1b. Conclusion: The developed criteria and approaches to assessing systemic immunity in patients with inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract can be used in examining patients and assessing the effectiveness of therapy.

scholarly journals Elimination and irrigation therapy to optimize the state of the nasal microbiome in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Olga E. Chelpachenko ◽  
Elena I. Danilova ◽  
Irina N. Chainikova
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The State ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nasal Microbiota

The article summarizes the results of the work of domestic and foreign researchers on the study of homeostasis of the nasal cavity, including the state of the microbiota of the nasal mucosa in healthy children and in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The normal microbiota of the nasal cavity is represented by corynebacteria (diphtheroids), neisseria, coagulasenegative staphylococci, alpha-hemolytic streptococci. From among the transient species, such species as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherihia coli, beta-hemolytic streptococci would be found in the specified biotope. The main attention is paid to the features of the nasal microbiota in newborns and young children (dependence of the nasal microbiota on the type of feeding, age and season). The role of hypercolonization by opportunistic microflora and its persistent potential (ability to biofilm formation, degradation of lysozyme, interferon) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract is noted. The pathogenetic mechanisms providing multilevel protection of the organism from pathogens are considered. The expediency of using elimination-irrigation therapy as a hygienic means of sanitizing the nasal cavity in young children has been determined. The questions about the advantages of the use of isotonic solutions, their effectiveness for ensuring normal colonization resistance of the nasal mucosa are discussed. In conclusion, we must say that for hygienic care and sanitation purposes it is recommended only to rinse the nasal mucosa in newborns and infants using drops of isotonic saline solution and an aspirator to avoid aspiration and inflow of liquid into the cavity of Eustachian tube and middle ear, and also for the preventive purposes, as it allows to maintain homeostasis of the nasal mucosa and prevent the development of acute respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals New prospects for local etiotropic treatment of acute respiratory viral infections

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
A. A. Krivopalov ◽  
V. A. Shatalov ◽  
S. V. Shervashidze
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

According to WHO, the respiratory system diseases are currently inside the ten most common pathologies. The modern strategy for treating influenza and ARVI gives priority to the antiviral and immunostimulating agents, but the symptomatic drugs, which include preparations based on silver and its compounds, also play an important role. The large positive experience in using silver preparations supported by numerous clinical studies shows their high efficacy and satisfactory safety profile in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the nose and upper respiratory tract in children and adults.

scholarly journals Modern possibilities of herbal medicine in the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
A. V. Gurov ◽  
A. V. Muzhichkova
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Pelargonium Sidoides ◽  
Medicinal Substances ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

The article provides data on the effectiveness of the use of the drug in the treatment of acute, chronic and recurrent diseases of the respiratory tract and ENT organs. The drug is an extract of Pelargonium sidoides. From the standpoint of modern pharmacology, it is known that the use of natural products based on plant materials ensures safety and the absence of pronounced side effects. The main active ingredients of pelargonium are phenolic compounds: coumarins, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The article details the biochemical and pharmacological properties of each of the above groups of compounds. It has been shown that the presence of several classes of phenolic compounds simultaneously contributes to the potentiation of the pharmacological effects of each group separately. Therefore, drug has a pronounced polytropic effect: antiviral, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, mucolytic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytoprotective. The article presents the results of numerous domestic and foreign randomized, placebo-controlled studies demonstrating its high efficacy and safety in the treatment of ENT diseases, upper respiratory tract infections and bronchitis, not only in adults, but also in children over 1 year old. On the basis of the analyzed and presented material, the authors concluded that the use of a natural-based drug in the treatment of acute respiratory infection is effective and safe, both as monotherapy and in combination with other medicinal substances. He is able to quickly eliminate not only the symptoms of inflammation, but also to support the body with any ailments of this type.

scholarly journals Adequate mucociliary clearance as a factor in the prevention and control of purulent-inflammatory pathology of the ENT organs

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
A. V. Gurov ◽  
M. A. Yushkina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Acute And Chronic Inflammation ◽  
And Control

Purulent-inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs are an urgent problem of modern clinical medicine. The high prevalence of this pathology is due to the active effect of pathogenic microflora on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, the increasing role of opportunistic and atypical microorganisms in the genesis of infection of the upper respiratory tract, as well as disorders in the mucociliary clearance. Limitations in the mobility of cilia of ciliated cells, as well as their partial or complete absence, a change in the composition of mucous secretions and a slowdown in the speed of mucus movement are the mechanisms that determine the possibility of an acute inflammation focus on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, and also increase the risk of developing chronic inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs. The accumulated data on the peculiarities of the existence of microbial biocenoses in the human body, as well as the steady widespread growth of the problem of antibiotic resistance, dictate the need to search for new solutions in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory pathology of the ENT organs. A well-established principle of therapy for such conditions is the topical use of combined drugs that combine mucolytic and antibacterial components that actively affect the main links in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. These tasks are most effectively solved by the drug, which contains the mucolytic N-acetylcysteine, which potentiates the effect of another component – the antibiotic thiamphenicol. An important aspect in favor of choosing this drug as a monotherapy or combination therapy for purulent-inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract is a convenient form of release for aerosol administration.

scholarly journals Phage therapy in the treatment of patients with respiratory pathology: history, modern aspects, prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
G. N. Nikiforova ◽  
G. G. Asriyan ◽  
M. M. Gurkova ◽  
P. S. Artamonova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Effective Use

Bacteriophages - viruses infecting bacteria are the largest known group of viruses, which in their structure mainly have doublestranded genomic DNA, but among them there are also groups with double-stranded RNA and single-stranded DNA and RNA. The total population is about 1031–1032 phages, they play an essential role in the regulation of the world’s number of bacteria. The rather complex and diverse interaction of these representatives of the microcosm continues throughout the history of their existence on our planet. The question of the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of patients with various bacterial infections still remains completely unexplored. The very idea of using these microorganisms for therapeutic purposes dates back to the First World War, when the French biologist and researcher Felix d’Hérelle discovered a special type of «bacteria-eating» viruses, on the basis of which he created drugs for the treatment of patients with dysentery. To date, a fairly large clinical experience has been accumulated in the use of phage preparations in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital tract, as well as in the therapy and prevention of purulent-septic processes and nosocomial infections. The mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract is the first line of defense against various respiratory pathogens. The ability of bacteriophages to attach to the surface layer of mucus - mucin, forming an antibacterial protection of the mucous membrane and thus reducing the level of colonization of mucus by bacterial pathogens, determines their effective use in the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Due to certain unique properties of bacteriophages, peculiarities of vital activity and interaction with a bacterial cell, their use seems to be promising for the treatment of patients with infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Topical aspects of the use of phytopreparations in acute infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
V. M. Svistushkin ◽  
S. V. Morozova ◽  
L. A. Keda
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Severe Allergic Reaction ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
General Weakness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Acute infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract today belong to the category of the most common pathological conditions. Most often they occur in the form of acute nasopharyngitis, acute rhinosinusitis and acute laryngitis, the clinical of which consists of such symptoms as general weakness, hyperthermia, nasal blockage and nasal discharge, dysosmia, pain and tickling in the throat, cough, dysphonia. The need to select a safe and effective mucoactive therapy justifies the use of the phytopreparation in this pathology, the main active ingredient of which is an extract of ivy leaves. Also in the composition of the drug includes anise oil, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil and levomenthol. The mechanism of action of is associated with α-hederin contained in ivy leaves. This substance, binding to the beta-adrenoreceptors of the bronchi, causes relaxation of their smooth muscles. In addition, thanks to the saponins contained in the leaves of common ivy, a mucolytic and expectorant effect is achieved. Literature data show that ivy leaf preparations significantly reduce the severity of acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract. Virtually none of the patients had severe side effects. Allergic reactions were recorded in less than 0.5% of cases, with no mention of a severe allergic reaction of the anaphylaxis type. Thus, the drug of plant origin in the form of drops can be successfully used in patients with symptoms of acute respiratory diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document