scholarly journals Assessment of population health losses due to nasal obstruction based on the concept of the global burden of disease: general approaches and research directions

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
S. S. Pavlova ◽  
A. A. Korneenkov ◽  
V. V. Dvorianchikov ◽  
S. V. Ryazantsev ◽  
E. S. Ryazantseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
High Prevalence

The current impact of disease on society and the health care system is increasingly driven by disability rather than premature mortality. In otorhinolaryngology, there are many diseases that have a high prevalence and cause significant health losses: hearing loss, chronic tonsillitis and pharyngitis, and more. Nasal obstruction is a common symptom in clinical practice. Given the high prevalence of nasal congestion, a significant decline in quality of life, and a significant socio-economic burden in society, this symptom is often key in the treatment of patients with rhinological diseases and a significant factor in assessing the medical need for  effective treatment options for  this condition. The  resolution of  the  Council of  experts of  the  National Medical Association of Otorhinolaryngologists on problems of nasal obstruction (April 17, 2021, Sochi) states that «it is necessary to conduct a medical and statistical study of public health losses associated with diseases that cause nasal obstruction, using methods for assessing the global burden of the disease and risk factors for the development of nasal obstruction». As you know, the World Health Organization measures the global burden of disease in the number of years of life lost as a result of disability. This indicator combines years of life lost due to premature mortality and years of life lost due to health conditions that do not meet the criteria for full health. The assessment of the disease burden in our country is used quite actively, most often for diseases that lead to death. The assessment of the disease burden indicator for diseases accompanied by nasal obstruction in our country has not been carried out, although the problem of treating nasal obstruction is of high relevance. The aim of the study is to discuss issues related to the study of public health losses due to diseases that cause nasal obstruction, using methods for assessing the global burden of the disease. The article provides an overview of the causes of nasal obstruction, information about its prevalence in various diseases, and discusses the calculation of the burden of nasal obstruction and possible approaches to calculating the global burden of disease, taking into account current methodological problems in this area. 

Global Health and the Global Burden of Disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joia S. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Universal Health

This chapter defines terms used to describe the health of populations, such as incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. It introduces the concept of the burden of disease: that is, the quantity and impact of diseases and conditions that affect the health of populations. The Global Burden of Disease project, first launched in 1990 by the World Health Organization (WHO) seeks to measure disease burden on a regular basis. This chapter also examines the epidemiological transition, a concept that describes changes in causes of morbidity and mortality associated with economic development. The limitations of this concept and the need to address the entirety of the disease burden and achieve Universal Health Coverage are also discussed.

Global Health and the Global Burden of Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Joia S. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Key Terms

In this new era of global health in which delivering care has become a reality, it is important to understand the terms used to describe the health of populations, such as incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. As well as to be able to describe the concepts such as the burden of disease in a population, the quantity and impact of diseases that affect the health of populations, and the epidemiologic shifts within a society. This chapter reviews these key terms and concepts as well as the creation of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project, launched in 1990 at the World Health Organization. The GBD project measures and estimates the disease burden in countries on a regular basis. These data are critical to built health systems with sufficient inputs to address the entirety of the disease burden and achieve universal health coverage.

scholarly journals The shifting burden of neurosurgical disease: Vietnam and the middle-income nations

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. E12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Carr ◽  
Lora Kahn ◽  
Mansour Mathkour ◽  
Erin Biro ◽  
Cuong J. Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Middle Income

OBJECTIVEThe Global Burden of Disease (GBD) is an international collaboration and the largest comprehensive investigation of global health disease burden ever conducted. It has been particularly insightful for understanding disease demographics in middle-income nations undergoing rapid development, such as Vietnam, where 6 of the top 10 causes of death are relevant to the neurosurgeon. The burden of stroke—the number one cause of death in Vietnam—is particularly impressive. Likewise, road injuries, with a disproportionate rate of traumatic brain injury, continue to increase in Vietnam following economic development. Low-back and neck pain is the number one cause of disability. Simultaneously, more patients have access to care, and healthcare spending is increased.METHODSIt is imperative that neurosurgical capital and infrastructure keep pace with Vietnam’s growth. The authors searched the existing literature for assessments of neurosurgical infrastructure or initiatives to address neurosurgical disease burden. Using GBD data, the authors also abstracted data for death by cause and prevalence of years of life lost due to disability (YLD) for common neurosurgical pathologies for Vietnam and comparison nations.RESULTSInterventions aimed at primary prevention of risk factors for neurosurgical disease and focused on the transference of self-sustainable technical skills were found to be analogous to those that have been successful in other regions. Efforts toward stroke prevention have been focused on causal risk factors. Multiple investigators have found that interventions aimed at increasing helmet use were successful in preventing traumatic brain injury. Government-led reforms and equipment donation programs have improved technical capacity. Nevertheless, Vietnam lags behind other nations in neurosurgeons per capita; cause-attributable death and YLD attributable to neurosurgical disease are considerably higher in Vietnam and middle-income nations compared to both lower-income nations and upper-income nations.CONCLUSIONSMore than two-thirds of deaths attributable to neurosurgical pathologies in Vietnam and other middle-income nations were due to stroke, and one-fifth of both cause-attributable death and YLD was associated with neurosurgical pathologies. Vietnam and other middle-income nations continue to assume a global burden of disease profile that ever more closely resembles that of developed nations, with particular cerebrovascular, neurotrauma, and spinal disease burdens, leading to exponentially increased demand for neurosurgeons that threatens to outpace the training of neurosurgeons.

scholarly journals Burden of injuries in Nepal, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supp 1) ◽  
pp. i57-i66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puspa Raj Pant ◽  
Amrit Banstola ◽  
Santosh Bhatta ◽  
Julie A Mytton ◽  
Dilaram Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Disease Study

BackgroundNepal is a low-income country undergoing rapid political, economic and social development. To date, there has been little evidence published on the burden of injuries during this period of transition.MethodsThe Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) is a comprehensive measurement of population health outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality. We analysed the GBD 2017 estimates for deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injuries to ascertain the burden of injuries in Nepal from 1990 to 2017.ResultsThere were 16 831 (95% uncertainty interval 13 323 to 20 579) deaths caused by injuries (9.21% of all-cause deaths (7.45% to 11.25%)) in 2017 while the proportion of deaths from injuries was 6.31% in 1990. Overall, the injury-specific age-standardised mortality rate declined from 88.91 (71.54 to 105.31) per 100 000 in 1990 to 70.25 (56.75 to 85.11) per 100 000 in 2017. In 2017, 4.11% (2.47% to 6.10%) of all deaths in Nepal were attributed to transport injuries, 3.54% (2.86% to 4.08%) were attributed to unintentional injuries and 1.55% (1.16% to 1.85%) were attributed to self-harm and interpersonal violence. From 1990 to 2017, road injuries, falls and self-harm all rose in rank for all causes of death.ConclusionsThe increase in injury-related deaths and DALYs in Nepal between 1990 and 2017 indicates the need for further research and prevention interventions. Injuries remain an important public health burden in Nepal with the magnitude and trend of burden varying over time by cause-specific, sex and age group. Findings from this study may be used by the federal, provincial and local governments in Nepal to prioritise injury prevention as a public health agenda and as evidence for country-specific interventions.

scholarly journals Burden of non-communicable diseases in Cyprus, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Periklis Charalampous ◽  
Elena Pallari ◽  
Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽  
Nicos Middleton ◽  
Mary Economou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for over 90% of all deaths in the Cypriot population, in 2018. However, a detailed and comprehensive overview of the impact of NCDs on population health of Cyprus over the period of 1990 to 2017, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), is currently not available. Knowledge about the drivers of changes in NCD DALYs over time is paramount to identify priorities for the prevention of NCDs in Cyprus and guide evidence-based decision making. The objectives of this paper were to: 1) assess the burden of NCDs in terms of years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and DALYs in Cyprus in 2017, and 2) identify changes in the burden of NCDs in Cyprus over the 28-year period and assess the main drivers of these changes. Methods We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 results on NCDs for Cyprus from 1990 to 2017. We calculated the percentage change of age-standardized DALY rates between 1990 and 2017 and decomposed these time trends to assess the causes of death and disability that were the main drivers of change. Results In Cyprus in 2017, 83% (15,129 DALYs per 100,000; 12,809 to 17,707 95%UI) of total DALYs were due to NCDs. The major contributors to NCD DALYs were cardiovascular diseases (16.5%), neoplasms (16.3%), and musculoskeletal disorders (15.6%). Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardized NCD DALY rates decreased by 23%. For both males and females, the largest decreases in DALY rates were observed in ischemic heart disease and stroke. For Cypriot males, the largest increases in DALY rates were observed for pancreatic cancer, drug use disorders, and acne vulgaris, whereas for Cypriot females these were for acne vulgaris, psoriasis and eating disorders. Conclusion Despite a decrease in the burden of NCDs over the period from 1990 to 2017, NCDs are still a major public health challenge. Implementation of interventions and early detection screening programmes of modifiable NCD risk factors are needed to reduce occurrence and exacerbation of leading causes of NCDs in the Cypriot population.

scholarly journals Completeness and quality of low back pain prevalence data in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e005847
Author(s):  
Mamata Tamrakar ◽  
Priti Kharel ◽  
Adrian Traeger ◽  
Chris Maher ◽  
Mary O'Keeffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Pain Prevalence ◽  
Acceptable Measure

IntroductionCompleteness of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study data is acknowledged as a limitation. To date, no study has evaluated this issue for low back pain, a leading contributor to disease burden globally.MethodsWe retrieved reports, in any language, based on citation details from the GBD 2017 study website. Pairs of raters independently extracted the following data: number of prevalence reports tallied across countries, age groups, gender and years from 1987 to 2017. We also considered if studies enrolled a representative sample and/or used an acceptable measure of low back pain.ResultsWe retrieved 488 country-level reports that provide prevalence data for 103 of 204 countries (50.5%), with most prevalence reports (61%) being for high-income countries. Only 16 countries (7.8%) have prevalence reports for each of the three decades of the GBD. Most of the reports (79%) did not use an acceptable measure of low back pain when estimating prevalence.ConclusionWe found incomplete coverage across countries and time, and limitations in the primary prevalence studies included in the GBD 2017 study. This means there is considerable uncertainty about GBD estimates of low back pain prevalence and the disease burden metrics derived from prevalence.

scholarly journals The comparative risk assessment for alcohol as part of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study: What changed from the last study?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Guilherme Borges ◽  
Gerhard Gmel ◽  
Kathryn Graham ◽  
Bridget Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Comparative Risk Assessment ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Population

Rehm, J., Borges, G., Gmel, G., Graham, K., Grant, B., Parry, C., Poznyak, V. & Room R. (2013). The comparative risk assessment for alcohol as part of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study: What changed from the last study? International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(1), 1-5.  doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.132 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.132)In December 2012, the new results of the Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) for alcohol within the Global Burden of Disease and Injury (GBD) Study 2010 were presented at a joint meeting of the GBD Group and the journal Lancet at the Royal Society in London (Lim et al., 2012). At first glance, there do not appear to be many changes to alcohol consumption as a risk factor for death and disability: it is identified as the third most important risk factor, as it was in the last CRA (World Health Organization, 2009). The burden of disease attributable to alcohol had increased, compared to the 2004 estimate (Rehm, Mathers et al., 2009), but this could be due to an increase in global population, or to variations in the methodologies behind the 2004 and 2010 estimates.

Antidepressants

2012 ◽  
pp. 1185-1198
Author(s):  
Zubin Bhagwagar ◽  
George R. Heninger
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Health Organization

Major depressive disorder is a serious, recurrent illness which levies a crippling toll on individuals, families, and society in general. The importance of depression as a major public health problem is emphasized by findings from the World Health Organization Global Burden of Disease survey in showing that in 1990 it was the fourth largest cause of burden of disease (i.e. years of life lost due either to premature mortality or to years lived with a disability). It has been estimated that by the year 2020 it is expected to be the second largest cause of burden of disease. Depression is underdiagnosed and frequently under-treated, and depressed individuals have a much higher risk for suicide. The primary treatment for depression involves the use of antidepressant drugs, and it is therefore important that clinicians become familiar with and adept in utilizing this important group of compounds. Although primarily used for the treatment of depression, drugs within this category also have a number of other important uses. A thorough understanding of the pharmacology of antidepressants will aid the clinician in the selective use of these drugs for patients with depression as well as patients with a number of other disorders.

scholarly journals Global, Regional, National, and Subnational Big Data to Inform Health Equity Research: Perspectives from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. Mokdad ◽  
George A. Mensah ◽  
Varsha Krish ◽  
Scott D. Glenn ◽  
Molly K. Miller-Petrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study

Objectives: Everyone deserves a long and healthy life, but in reality, health outcomes differ across populations. We use results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) to report patterns in the burden of diseases, injuries, and risks at the global, regional, national, and subnational level, and by sociodemographic index (SDI), from 1990 to 2017.Design: GBD 2017 undertook a systematic analysis of published studies and available data providing information on prevalence, incidence, remission, and excess mortal­ity. We computed prevalence, incidence, mortality, life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, years of life lost due to prema­ture mortality, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years with 95% uncertainty intervals for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries from 1990 to 2017. We also computed SDI, a summary indicator combining measures of income, education, and fertility.Results: There were wide disparities in the burden of disease by SDI, with smaller burdens in affluent countries and in specific regions within countries. Select diseases and risks, such as drug use disorders, high blood pressure, high body mass index, diet, high fasting plasma glucose, smoking, and alco­hol use disorders warrant increased global attention and indicate a need for greater investment in prevention and treatment across the life course.Conclusions: Policymakers need a com­prehensive picture of what risks and causes result in disability and death. The GBD provides the means to quantify health loss: these findings can be used to examine root causes of disparities and develop pro­grams to improve health and health equity.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1): 159-172; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.159.

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