scholarly journals The shifting burden of neurosurgical disease: Vietnam and the middle-income nations

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. E12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Carr ◽  
Lora Kahn ◽  
Mansour Mathkour ◽  
Erin Biro ◽  
Cuong J. Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Middle Income

OBJECTIVEThe Global Burden of Disease (GBD) is an international collaboration and the largest comprehensive investigation of global health disease burden ever conducted. It has been particularly insightful for understanding disease demographics in middle-income nations undergoing rapid development, such as Vietnam, where 6 of the top 10 causes of death are relevant to the neurosurgeon. The burden of stroke—the number one cause of death in Vietnam—is particularly impressive. Likewise, road injuries, with a disproportionate rate of traumatic brain injury, continue to increase in Vietnam following economic development. Low-back and neck pain is the number one cause of disability. Simultaneously, more patients have access to care, and healthcare spending is increased.METHODSIt is imperative that neurosurgical capital and infrastructure keep pace with Vietnam’s growth. The authors searched the existing literature for assessments of neurosurgical infrastructure or initiatives to address neurosurgical disease burden. Using GBD data, the authors also abstracted data for death by cause and prevalence of years of life lost due to disability (YLD) for common neurosurgical pathologies for Vietnam and comparison nations.RESULTSInterventions aimed at primary prevention of risk factors for neurosurgical disease and focused on the transference of self-sustainable technical skills were found to be analogous to those that have been successful in other regions. Efforts toward stroke prevention have been focused on causal risk factors. Multiple investigators have found that interventions aimed at increasing helmet use were successful in preventing traumatic brain injury. Government-led reforms and equipment donation programs have improved technical capacity. Nevertheless, Vietnam lags behind other nations in neurosurgeons per capita; cause-attributable death and YLD attributable to neurosurgical disease are considerably higher in Vietnam and middle-income nations compared to both lower-income nations and upper-income nations.CONCLUSIONSMore than two-thirds of deaths attributable to neurosurgical pathologies in Vietnam and other middle-income nations were due to stroke, and one-fifth of both cause-attributable death and YLD was associated with neurosurgical pathologies. Vietnam and other middle-income nations continue to assume a global burden of disease profile that ever more closely resembles that of developed nations, with particular cerebrovascular, neurotrauma, and spinal disease burdens, leading to exponentially increased demand for neurosurgeons that threatens to outpace the training of neurosurgeons.

scholarly journals Alcohol‐attributed disease burden in four Nordic countries: a comparison using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors 2013 study

Addiction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 1806-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie E. Agardh ◽  
Anna‐Karin Danielsson ◽  
Mats Ramstedt ◽  
Astrid Ledgaard Holm ◽  
Finn Diderichsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden

scholarly journals Global, regional, and national burden of ischaemic heart disease and its attributable risk factors, 1990–2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijiang Dai ◽  
Arsalan Abu Much ◽  
Elad Maor ◽  
Elad Asher ◽  
Arwa Younis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Disease Study

Abstract Aims The aim of this study was to estimate the burden and risk factors for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Methods and results Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 were used. Prevalence, incidence, deaths, years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) were metrics used to measure IHD burden. Population attributable fraction was used to estimate the proportion of IHD deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors. Globally, in 2017, 126.5 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 118.6 to 134.7] people lived with IHD and 10.6 million (95% UI 9.6 to 11.8) new IHD cases occurred, resulting in 8.9 million (95% UI 8.8 to 9.1) deaths, 5.3 million (95% UI 3.7 to 7.2) YLDs, and 165.0 million (95% UI 162.2 to 168.6) YLLs. Between 1990 and 2017, despite the decrease in age-standardized rates, the global numbers of these burden metrics of IHD have significantly increased. The burden of IHD in 2017 and its temporal trends from 1990 to 2017 varied widely by geographic location. Among all potentially modifiable risk factors, age-standardized IHD deaths worldwide were primarily attributable to dietary risks, high systolic blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol, high fasting plasma glucose, tobacco use, and high body mass index in 2017. Conclusion Our results suggested that IHD remains a major public health challenge worldwide. More effective and targeted strategies aimed at implementing cost-effective interventions and addressing modifiable risk factors are urgently needed, particularly in geographies with high or increasing burden.

scholarly journals The burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supp 1) ◽  
pp. i83-i95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Charles Franklin ◽  
Amy E Peden ◽  
Erin B Hamilton ◽  
Catherine Bisignano ◽  
Chris D Castle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Related Mortality

BackgroundDrowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study’s objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017.MethodsUnintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning.ResultsGlobally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes.ConclusionsThere has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals The global burden and attributable risk factors of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Yao ◽  
Xiangjie Lin ◽  
Fenglin Li ◽  
Jie Jin ◽  
Huafeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent subtype of leukemia in Western countries, causing a substantial health burden on patients and society. Comprehensive evaluation of the epidemiological characteristics of CLL is warranted, especially in the current context of global population aging. The main objective of this study is evaluating the disease burden of CLL at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019. As secondary objectives, we studied the influence of demographic factors and performed risk factor analysis. We hope this study could provide evidence for the evaluation of the effectiveness of previous prevention strategies and the formulation of future global health policies. Results Based on data of CLL between 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019, we depicted the age, gender, and regional structure of the CLL burden population and described the impact of social development on the disease burden of CLL. The distribution and changing trends of attributable risk factors were also investigated. The global burden of CLL has increased dramatically. A high incidence has been achieved in males and elder people. Countries and territories with high social-demographic index (SDI) tended to have higher global burden than low-SDI region. Of risk factors, high body mass index and smoking were the major contributors for CLL-related mortality and disability adjusted life-years (DALYs). Conclusion In summary, the global CLL burden continues to rise over the past 30 years. The relocation of medical resource should be considered on a global scale. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Burden of cardiovascular diseases attributable to risk factors in Brazil: data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L C Brant ◽  
B R Nascimento ◽  
G A Veloso ◽  
C S Gomes ◽  
C Polanczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the main cause of death in Brazil, a middle-income country. As such, it is essential to understand the trends of risk factors (RFs) for CVDs in order to implement effective and tailored public policies. Purpose The present study sought to analyze the trend of RF for CVD and the disease burden attributable to these from 1990 to 2019, in Brazil and its states, based on estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (2019 GBD). Methods To estimate RF exposure, the Summary Exposure Value (SEV) (risk-weighted prevalence) was used, whereas for disease burden attributed to RFs, mortality and Disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) by CVD were used. For comparisons over time and between states, the age-standardized rates were considered. The sociodemographic index (SDI) was used as a marker of socioeconomic conditions. Results In 2019, 82% of CVD mortality in Brazil was attributable to RFs. For SEV, there was a reduction in smoking and environmental RFs, as well as an increase in metabolic RFs. High systolic blood pressure and dietary risks continue to be the main RFs for CVD mortality and DALY (Figure 1). While there was a decline in age-standardized mortality rates attributable to the evaluated RFs, there was also a stability or increase in crude mortality rates, with the exception of smoking. It is important to highlight the increase in the risk of death attributable to a high body mass index (BMI) (35 to 46/100,000 in habitants in 1990 and 2019). Regarding the analysis per state, SEVs and mortality attributable to RF were higher in those states with lower SDIs. Conclusion Despite the reduction in CVD mortality and DALY rates attributable to RF, the stability or increase in crude rates attributable to metabolic RFs is worrisome, requiring investments and a renewal of health policies. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health Figure 1

scholarly journals Assessment of population health losses due to nasal obstruction based on the concept of the global burden of disease: general approaches and research directions

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
S. S. Pavlova ◽  
A. A. Korneenkov ◽  
V. V. Dvorianchikov ◽  
S. V. Ryazantsev ◽  
E. S. Ryazantseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
High Prevalence

The current impact of disease on society and the health care system is increasingly driven by disability rather than premature mortality. In otorhinolaryngology, there are many diseases that have a high prevalence and cause significant health losses: hearing loss, chronic tonsillitis and pharyngitis, and more. Nasal obstruction is a common symptom in clinical practice. Given the high prevalence of nasal congestion, a significant decline in quality of life, and a significant socio-economic burden in society, this symptom is often key in the treatment of patients with rhinological diseases and a significant factor in assessing the medical need for  effective treatment options for  this condition. The  resolution of  the  Council of  experts of  the  National Medical Association of Otorhinolaryngologists on problems of nasal obstruction (April 17, 2021, Sochi) states that «it is necessary to conduct a medical and statistical study of public health losses associated with diseases that cause nasal obstruction, using methods for assessing the global burden of the disease and risk factors for the development of nasal obstruction». As you know, the World Health Organization measures the global burden of disease in the number of years of life lost as a result of disability. This indicator combines years of life lost due to premature mortality and years of life lost due to health conditions that do not meet the criteria for full health. The assessment of the disease burden in our country is used quite actively, most often for diseases that lead to death. The assessment of the disease burden indicator for diseases accompanied by nasal obstruction in our country has not been carried out, although the problem of treating nasal obstruction is of high relevance. The aim of the study is to discuss issues related to the study of public health losses due to diseases that cause nasal obstruction, using methods for assessing the global burden of the disease. The article provides an overview of the causes of nasal obstruction, information about its prevalence in various diseases, and discusses the calculation of the burden of nasal obstruction and possible approaches to calculating the global burden of disease, taking into account current methodological problems in this area. 

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