scholarly journals Combined pathogenetic therapy of allergic dermatoses in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
J. S. Kovaleva ◽  
N. K. Zyablitskaya ◽  
M. V. Orobei ◽  
N. K. Bishevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Severe Exacerbation ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors

Allergodermatoses make up the majority of allergic skin diseases in childhood, have a recurrent course and significantly disrupt the quality of life of patients and their families. The constant use of emollients, allowing to lengthen periods of remission and reduce the need for topical drugs, is associated with defects in the skin barrier function. Treatment with topical glucocorticosteroids (TCS) and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI), which are the basis of pharmacotherapy, should be carried out differentially, taking into account the localization, stage and activity of the inflammatory process, the area of the lesion, the age of the child and the multifactorial genesis of the disease. The basic principles of rational local therapy include the choice of the degree of activity of the drug, its concentration, dosage form, dosage frequency, duration of use to obtain a therapeutic effect and minimize side effects. In case of severe exacerbation and localization of inflammatory elements on the body and limbs in children, it is necessary to start treatment with class 2–3 THCS. When the process is localized on the face and other sensitive areas of the skin (neck and large folds), it is recommended to use class 7 TCS or give preference to TCI. The duration of a continuous course of TCS therapy in children depends on the severity of the exacerbation and should not exceed 2 weeks. The most effective way to reduce the course steroid load and avoid side effects is the early and correct use of TCS during an exacerbation. The advantages of TCI in comparison with TCS are the low incidence of side effects, the absence of contraindications for use on sensitive skin areas, and the possibility of longer use. The article contains Russian and foreign literature data on the use of THCS and TEC in the treatment of allegodermatosis in children and our own clinical observations of the effectiveness of the use of combination therapy: Comfoderm K cream (methylprednisolone aceponate with ceramides in the base), 0.03% tacrolimus ointment and emollient means - special cream Sensoderm with physiological lipids omega 3–6–9.

scholarly journals Modern approaches to external therapy of sensitive skin area in atopic dermatitis in children: focus on topical calcineurin inhibitors

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
E. N. Saverskaya
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
Sensitive Skin ◽  
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors

Due to high prevalence in the pediatric population, chronic recurrent course and difficulties in choosing the local therapy, atopic dermatitis is an urgent problem for pediatricians, dermatologists and allergists. The review presents data on the prevalence and features of the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in various age periods. The authors consider structural, functional and immunological features of the skin barrier are considered in detail under normal and under pathological conditions. They emphasize the problems of quality of life, compliance and steroidophobia of patients with atopic dermatitis. Particular attention is paid to the concept of sensitive skin, the definition of this concept and the localization of sensitive skin area on the surface of the body. The article describes approaches to the method of choosing external therapy according to the European guidelines for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in 2018. It presents a modern practical algorithm for prescribing local anti-inflammatory drugs (topical glucocorticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors) taking into account the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease and the areas of application (sensitive skin areas/other parts of the body). The authors provide evidence of the efficacy and safety of topical calcineurin inhibitors, in particular pimecrolimus, in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate severity of atopic dermatitis, especially in sensitive skin areas.

scholarly journals Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in “Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences”

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 420-431
Author(s):  
Nikolay N. Murashkin ◽  
Roman V. Epishev ◽  
Alexander I. Materikin ◽  
Eduard T. Ambarchian ◽  
Leonid A. Opryatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Federation Skin lesions with development of erosive-ulcerative defects and impaired skin barrier function are common for large number of diseases. Successful epithelization of skin defects depends on the wound process, body’s compensatory functions, environmental factors and correctly selected treatment. Comprehensive treatment should include systemic and local therapy as well as current dressings. The article shows current dressings possibilities the treatment of various skin diseases, outlines all pros and cons of the major current dressings.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Dermatosis Topical Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (27) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
R.M. Zagrtdinova ◽  
◽  
N.V. Lyashenko ◽  
M.V. Bagautdinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Methylprednisolone Aceponate

In the complex treatment of skin diseases, the important place is given to topical therapy, which has high efficiency and minimal side effects. At the same time, the leaders of such therapy are glucocorticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors and emollients. The article provides examples of effective topical therapy of various dermatoses using methylprednisolone aceponate and calcineurin inhibitors, as well as emollients containing polyunsaturated omega-3-6-9 fatty acids. The latter are important components for basic skin care for patients with dermatoses.

scholarly journals Design and fabrication of human skin by threedimensional bioprinti

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rabia Sannam Khan ◽  
Qudoos Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Skin Physiology ◽  
Animal Skin

Skin has an essential role in preserving homeostasis and in maintaining the safety of the human body from outside environment by playing its role as the largest body part of human. The stratified, categorized and complex arrangement of skin gives a physical protection to the body by maintaining and regulate the transportation of metabolites and water off the body. The injuries that can originate after any chemical or physical trauma can cause impairment of skin barrier and its physiological functions.1 In skin injuries, considerable amount of skin can be lost, and it develops extremely critical to replace injury caused impaired skin. Transplants in order to protect the lots of water from body and to save the body from opportunistic pathogens can replace the impaired skin. Skin grafts can also expedite the wound recovery procedure and support and restore the barrier and can maintain the regulatory functions on the site of wound.2,3 Apart from grafts tissue engineered skin plays an exceptionally beneficial role and in vitro stage for the evaluation of skin permeability and adverse inflammation response. The tissue-engineered skin has several advantages in comparison to animal skin by having the major significance by mimicking the skin physiology and easing the ethical concerns of animal use. Additionally, tissue engineered skin models also give the significant insights into the causes of skin diseases, hence, explicate the pathophysiological mechanisms in order to see the progression, and can help in the treatment of skin disease.4,5 It has been seen that numerous tools have become accessible for the tissue engineering and are adopting different novel approaches and technologies, and amongst these 3D bioprinting offers many significant advantages Since it is possible of dispensing live cells, phase changing hydrogels, insoluble factors and maintaining high cell viability in a desired pattern.6

scholarly journals Controlling the Growth of the Skin Commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis Using D-Alanine Auxotrophy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dodds ◽  
Jeffrey L. Bose ◽  
Ming-De Deng ◽  
Gilles Dubé ◽  
Trudy Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Cutaneous Immunity ◽  
Human Skin Models

ABSTRACTUsing live microbes as therapeutic candidates is a strategy that has gained traction across multiple therapeutic areas. In the skin, commensal microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining skin barrier function, homeostasis, and cutaneous immunity. Alterations of the homeostatic skin microbiome are associated with a number of skin diseases. Here, we present the design of an engineered commensal organism, Staphylococcus epidermidis, for use as a live biotherapeutic product (LBP) candidate for skin diseases. The development of novel bacterial strains whose growth can be controlled without the use of antibiotics, or genetic elements conferring antibiotic resistance, enables modulation of therapeutic exposure and improves safety. We therefore constructed an auxotrophic strain of S. epidermidis that requires exogenously supplied D-alanine. The S. epidermidis strain, NRRL B-4268 Δalr1Δalr2Δdat (SEΔΔΔ) contains deletions of three biosynthetic genes: two alanine racemase genes, alr1 and alr2 (SE1674 and SE1079), and the D-alanine aminotransferase gene, dat (SE1423). These three deletions restricted growth in D-alanine deficient media, pooled human blood, and skin. In the presence of D-alanine, SEΔΔΔ colonized and increased expression of human β-defensin 2 in cultured human skin models in vitro. SEΔΔΔ, showed a low propensity to revert to D-alanine prototrophy, and did not form biofilms on plastic in vitro. These studies support the potential safety and utility of SEΔΔΔ as a live biotherapeutic strain whose growth can be controlled by D-alanine.

scholarly journals Stress and Skin: An Overview of Mind Body Therapies as a Treatment Strategy in Dermatology

2021 ◽  
pp. e2021091
Author(s):  
Rachel Graubard ◽  
Ariadna Perez-Sanchez ◽  
Rajani Katta
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Mind

Stress has multiple and wide-ranging physiologic and clinical impacts on skin disease. This has led to an interest in mind body therapies as potential adjunct treatments for skin disease. The stress response results in the activation of the endocrine, neurologic, and immune systems, with a resulting cascade of impacts, that are both systemic and cutaneous. The 2 main arms of the stress response are the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The resultant release of cortisol, catecholamines, and neuropeptides has multiple effects. Clinically, these have been shown to increase skin inflammation, increase itching, impair skin barrier function, impair wound healing, and suppress immunity.Mind body therapies are those that focus on the interaction between the mind and the body, with the goal to influence physical function and impact health. These have been shown to ameliorate some of the harmful physiologic changes attributed to stress or to reduce harmful behaviors. In some cases, such as with biofeedback, they may also result in beneficial physiologic changes. Treatments such as meditation, biofeedback, hypnosis, guided imagery, and others have been evaluated in the treatment of skin disease and have shown some benefits. Although randomized controlled trials are limited, these interventions have shown beneficial effects on itching, psychosocial outcomes, and even skin severity. These interventions have been evaluated in diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, trichotillomania, and others. Given the potential benefits, improvements in psychosocial outcomes, and a low risk profile, referral to qualified practitioners or multidisciplinary clinics should be considered for some patients.

scholarly journals SKIN SURFACE CHEMISTRY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR SKIN DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqaa Samir Esmail
Keyword(s):  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Face

The skin is the biggest sense organ in the body, with a surface area of 1.7m2 in adults. Because standard histological procedures influence skin components, several dermatological research has had little effectiveness in showing skin function. The structure of each skin layer may now be visualised non-invasively thanks to recent advances in non-invasive optical imaging. Individual skin components, on the other hand, remain difficult to identify. Understanding skin's chemical and physical features helps the cosmetics sector create deodorant, lipstick, and moisturizers. In addition, PH regulates the activation of proteases linked to the formation of chronic wounds and impacts skin barrier functions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive optical imaging innovation that creates high-resolution photos of the face and cross-areas of the skin. While OCT has a lot of potentials, many dermatologists are unfamiliar with it. This article aims to give professional dermatologists a basic grasp of skin OCT concepts and clinical applications.

scholarly journals Regulation of Skin Barrier Function via Competition between AHR Axis versus IL-13/IL-4‒JAK‒STAT6/STAT3 Axis: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Implications in Atopic Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3741
Author(s):  
Masutaka Furue
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Therapeutic Implications

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by skin inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and chronic pruritus. As the anti-interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor α antibody dupilumab improves all three cardinal features of AD, the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and especially IL-13 have been indicated to have pathogenic significance in AD. Accumulating evidence has shown that the skin barrier function is regulated via competition between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) axis (up-regulation of barrier) and the IL-13/IL-4‒JAK‒STAT6/STAT3 axis (down-regulation of barrier). This latter axis also induces oxidative stress, which exacerbates inflammation. Conventional and recently developed agents for treating AD such as steroid, calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporine, dupilumab, and JAK inhibitors inhibit the IL-13/IL-4‒JAK‒STAT6/STAT3 axis, while older remedies such as coal tar and glyteer are antioxidative AHR agonists. In this article, I summarize the pathogenic and therapeutic implications of the IL-13/IL-4‒JAK‒STAT6/STAT3 axis and the AHR axis in AD.

Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effect of Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 on skin reactivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gueniche ◽  
D. Philippe ◽  
P. Bastien ◽  
G. Reuteler ◽  
S. Blum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Sensitivity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Function Recovery

In recent decades, the prevalence of subjects with reactive skin has considerably increased in industrialised countries. 50% of women and 30% of men report cutaneous discomfort classified under reactive/sensitive skin. Several topical approaches have been proposed, in particular through improvement of galenic forms or protection of epidermal surface. We propose to act differently, deeply from inside the body via an innovative nutritional approach. To this purpose, Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 (ST11) was selected because of its specific beneficial skin properties discovered in in vitro studies, i.e. diminution of neurogenic inflammation and promotion of the recovery of skin barrier function. We designed a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study with a two-month supplementation in two female treatment groups (n=32 per group). A capsaicin test was performed to monitor the time course of skin sensitivity. Moreover, transepidermal water loss was assessed to analyse the rate of skin barrier function recovery; dryness of the leg and roughness of the cheeks was investigated by a dermatologist as well as by self-assessment. The results of the present clinical trial show that oral supplementation with the probiotic decreases skin sensitivity and increases the rate of barrier function recovery. Thus, the data provide evidence that daily intake of ST11 could improve reactive skin condition.

A Study to Ascertain Whether Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (Locoid®) 0·1% Cream Has Any Effect on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Children with Skin Diseases

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Herz
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dermatological Disorders ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

A study was conducted in eight children requiring topical corticosteroid treatment for dermatological disorders. The trial was carried out with hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (Locoid®) 0·1% cream. The children were treated twice daily with Locoid cream applied to areas involving at least 20% of the body surface for a period of 2 to 3 weeks. Statistical analysis did not reveal any significant changes in plasma cortisol levels after treatment compared to pre-treatment baseline levels. No side-effects were reported.

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