scholarly journals SKIN SURFACE CHEMISTRY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR SKIN DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqaa Samir Esmail
Keyword(s):  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Face

The skin is the biggest sense organ in the body, with a surface area of 1.7m2 in adults. Because standard histological procedures influence skin components, several dermatological research has had little effectiveness in showing skin function. The structure of each skin layer may now be visualised non-invasively thanks to recent advances in non-invasive optical imaging. Individual skin components, on the other hand, remain difficult to identify. Understanding skin's chemical and physical features helps the cosmetics sector create deodorant, lipstick, and moisturizers. In addition, PH regulates the activation of proteases linked to the formation of chronic wounds and impacts skin barrier functions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive optical imaging innovation that creates high-resolution photos of the face and cross-areas of the skin. While OCT has a lot of potentials, many dermatologists are unfamiliar with it. This article aims to give professional dermatologists a basic grasp of skin OCT concepts and clinical applications.

scholarly journals The Use of Micro- and Nanocarriers for Resveratrol Delivery into and across the Skin in Different Skin Diseases—A Literature Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Beata Szulc-Musioł ◽  
Beata Sarecka-Hujar
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Skin Abnormalities ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Poor Stability

In recent years, polyphenols have been extensively studied due to their antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown that anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols play an important role in the prevention of bacterial infections, as well as vascular or skin diseases. Particularly, resveratrol, as a multi-potent agent, may prevent or mitigate the effects of oxidative stress. As the largest organ of the human body, skin is an extremely desirable target for the possible delivery of active substances. The transdermal route of administration of active compounds shows many advantages, including avoidance of gastrointestinal irritation and the first-pass effect. Moreover, it is non-invasive and can be self-administered. However, this delivery is limited, mainly due to the need to overpassing the stratum corneum, the possible decomposition of the substances in contact with the skin surface or in the deeper layers thereof. In addition, using resveratrol for topical and transdermal delivery faces the problems of its low solubility and poor stability. To overcome this, novel systems of delivery are being developed for the effective transport of resveratrol across the skin. Carriers in the micro and nano size were demonstrated to be more efficient for safe and faster topical and transdermal delivery of active substances. The present review aimed to discuss the role of resveratrol in the treatment of skin abnormalities with a special emphasis on technologies enhancing transdermal delivery of resveratrol.

scholarly journals Omega-3- and Resveratrol-Loaded Lipid Nanosystems for Potential Use as Topical Formulations in Autoimmune, Inflammatory, and Cancerous Skin Diseases

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Ana R. Caldas ◽  
José Catita ◽  
Raul Machado ◽  
Artur Ribeiro ◽  
Fátima Cerqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
No Production ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Resveratrol (RSV) and omega 3 (ω3), because of their biological favorable properties, have become subjects of interest for researchers in dermocosmetic and pharmaceutical industries; however, these bioactives present technological limitations that hinder their effective delivery to the target skin layer. To overcome the stability and skin permeation limitations of free bioactives, this work proposes a combined strategy involving two different lipid nanosystems (liposomes and lipid nanoparticles) that include ω3 in their lipid matrix. Additionaly, RSV is only encapsulated in liposomes that provid an adequate amphiphilic environment. Each formulation is thoroughly characterized regarding their physical–chemical properties. Subsequently, the therapeutic performance of the lipid nanosystems is evaluated based on their protective roles against lipid peroxidation, as well as inhibition of cicloxygenase (COX) and nitric oxid (NO) production in the RWA264.7 cell line. Finally, the lipid nanosystems are incorporated in hydrogel to allow their topical administration, then rheology, occlusion, and RSV release–diffusion assays are performed. Lipid nanoparticles provide occlusive effects at the skin surface. Liposomes provide sustained RSV release and their flexibility conferred by edge activator components enhances RSV diffusion, which is required to reach NO production cells and COX cell membrane enzymes. Overall, the inclusion of both lipid nanosystems in the same semisolid base constitutes a promising strategy for autoimmune, inflammatory, and cancerous skin diseases.

Independence of brain and tympanic temperatures in an unanesthetized human

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 482-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shiraki ◽  
S. Sagawa ◽  
F. Tajima ◽  
A. Yokota ◽  
M. Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
The Face ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Temperature

Temperature within the brain and the esophagus and at the tympanum were obtained in a 12-yr-old male in a series of experiments that began 8 days after surgery for implantation of a drainage catheter. Fanning the face did reduce tympanic temperature but not temperature in the brain; brain temperatures followed esophageal temperatures. In long-term monitoring, temperature in the lateral ventricle was 0.5 degree C above esophageal temperature and 0.2 degree C below that in white matter 1 cm above, with the offsets fixed throughout the overnight cycle. All temperatures went through similar excursions when the face was excluded from fanning applied to the body. These observations highlight the fact that in humans the defense against hyperthermia takes advantage of cooling distributed over the entire skin surface.

scholarly journals PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TENTANG PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI UNTUK MENCEGAH PENYAKIT DERMATITIS PADA NELAYAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Reni Aprinawaty Sirait ◽  
Zul Asdar Putra Samura
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Occupational Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Wet Condition ◽  
Two Stages

Fishermen are prone to skin diseases due to the influence of sunlight where the splash of sea air on the skin can cause itching due to its thickness by the salt pulling from the skin. sea ​​water is a cause of dermatitis with primary stimulation properties. Occupational contact dermatitis that occurs on the hands and the incidence rate for dermatitis varies from 2% to 10%. It is estimated that 5% to 7% of people with dermatitis develop chronic and 2% to 4% of whom are difficult to cure topical treatment. This method of community service consists of two stages, namely the first stage is planning the activities to be carried out, these activities are indications of needs, indications of weaknesses and solutions that will be carried out. The second stage is the implementation of which the village head has obtained permission to carry out the activity, the implementation of the activity is carried out for two days. Based on the results of community service, it was found that 80 fishermen 31 people (38.8%) had no complaints of dermatitis, 49 people (61.2%) had complaints of dermatitis. This can enable fishermen to deal with complaints of dermatitis because working as a fisherman requires that a person is often exposed directly to open weather and the irritant agent will directly damage the skin by changing the skin's pH, reacting with protein (denaturation), extracting fat from the skin layer or by reducing it. skin resistance and skin disorders are caused because the body is too long in a wet state and then it is under the sun after which it returns in a wet condition. Meanwhile, fishermen who do not experience complaints of dermatitis, fishermen who have good immunity

scholarly journals Design and fabrication of human skin by threedimensional bioprinti

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rabia Sannam Khan ◽  
Qudoos Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Skin Physiology ◽  
Animal Skin

Skin has an essential role in preserving homeostasis and in maintaining the safety of the human body from outside environment by playing its role as the largest body part of human. The stratified, categorized and complex arrangement of skin gives a physical protection to the body by maintaining and regulate the transportation of metabolites and water off the body. The injuries that can originate after any chemical or physical trauma can cause impairment of skin barrier and its physiological functions.1 In skin injuries, considerable amount of skin can be lost, and it develops extremely critical to replace injury caused impaired skin. Transplants in order to protect the lots of water from body and to save the body from opportunistic pathogens can replace the impaired skin. Skin grafts can also expedite the wound recovery procedure and support and restore the barrier and can maintain the regulatory functions on the site of wound.2,3 Apart from grafts tissue engineered skin plays an exceptionally beneficial role and in vitro stage for the evaluation of skin permeability and adverse inflammation response. The tissue-engineered skin has several advantages in comparison to animal skin by having the major significance by mimicking the skin physiology and easing the ethical concerns of animal use. Additionally, tissue engineered skin models also give the significant insights into the causes of skin diseases, hence, explicate the pathophysiological mechanisms in order to see the progression, and can help in the treatment of skin disease.4,5 It has been seen that numerous tools have become accessible for the tissue engineering and are adopting different novel approaches and technologies, and amongst these 3D bioprinting offers many significant advantages Since it is possible of dispensing live cells, phase changing hydrogels, insoluble factors and maintaining high cell viability in a desired pattern.6

scholarly journals Design of a non-invasive sensing system for diagnosing gastric disorders

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rosario Morello ◽  
Laura Fabbiano ◽  
Paolo Oresta ◽  
Claudio De Capua
Keyword(s):  
Skin Surface ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Diagnostic Parameters ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensing System

Gastric disorders are widely spread among the population of any age. At the moment, the diagnosis is made by using invasive systems that cause several side effects. The present manuscript proposes an innovative non-invasive sensing system for diagnosing gastric dysfunctions. The Electro-GastroGraphy (EGG) technique is used to record myoelectrical signals of stomach activities. Although EGG technique is well known for a long time, several issues concerning the signal processing and the definition of suitable diagnostic criteria are still unresolved. So, EGG is to this day a trial practice. The authors want to overcome the current limitations of the technique and improve its relevance. To this purpose, a smart EGG sensing system has been designed to non-invasively diagnose gastric disorders. In detail, the system records the gastric slow waves by means of skin surface electrodes placed in the epigastric area. Cutaneous myoelectrical signals are so acquired from the body surface in proximity of stomach. Electro-gastrographic record is then processed. According to the diagnostic model designed from the authors, the system estimates specific diagnostic parameters in time and frequency domains. It uses Discrete Wavelet Transform to obtain power spectral density diagrams. The frequency and power of the EGG waveform and the dominant frequency components are so analyzed. The defined diagnostic parameters are put in comparison with the reference values of a normal EGG in order to estimate the presence of gastric pathologies by the analysis of arrhythmias (<em>tachygastria</em>, <em>bradygastria</em> and irregular rhythm). The paper aims to describe the design of the system and of the arrhythmias detection algorithm. Prototype development and experimental data will be presented in future works. Preliminary results show an interesting relevance of the suggested technique so that it can be considered as a promising non-invasive tool for diagnosing gastrointestinal motility disorders.

scholarly journals Combined pathogenetic therapy of allergic dermatoses in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
J. S. Kovaleva ◽  
N. K. Zyablitskaya ◽  
M. V. Orobei ◽  
N. K. Bishevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Severe Exacerbation ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors

Allergodermatoses make up the majority of allergic skin diseases in childhood, have a recurrent course and significantly disrupt the quality of life of patients and their families. The constant use of emollients, allowing to lengthen periods of remission and reduce the need for topical drugs, is associated with defects in the skin barrier function. Treatment with topical glucocorticosteroids (TCS) and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI), which are the basis of pharmacotherapy, should be carried out differentially, taking into account the localization, stage and activity of the inflammatory process, the area of the lesion, the age of the child and the multifactorial genesis of the disease. The basic principles of rational local therapy include the choice of the degree of activity of the drug, its concentration, dosage form, dosage frequency, duration of use to obtain a therapeutic effect and minimize side effects. In case of severe exacerbation and localization of inflammatory elements on the body and limbs in children, it is necessary to start treatment with class 2–3 THCS. When the process is localized on the face and other sensitive areas of the skin (neck and large folds), it is recommended to use class 7 TCS or give preference to TCI. The duration of a continuous course of TCS therapy in children depends on the severity of the exacerbation and should not exceed 2 weeks. The most effective way to reduce the course steroid load and avoid side effects is the early and correct use of TCS during an exacerbation. The advantages of TCI in comparison with TCS are the low incidence of side effects, the absence of contraindications for use on sensitive skin areas, and the possibility of longer use. The article contains Russian and foreign literature data on the use of THCS and TEC in the treatment of allegodermatosis in children and our own clinical observations of the effectiveness of the use of combination therapy: Comfoderm K cream (methylprednisolone aceponate with ceramides in the base), 0.03% tacrolimus ointment and emollient means - special cream Sensoderm with physiological lipids omega 3–6–9.

Biopsies of Facial Dermatoses Made Simple

2014 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Al-Mohammedi ◽  
Richard I. Crawford ◽  
Magdalena Martinka
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
English Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
The Face ◽  
Inflammatory Skin ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Facial Dermatitis

Context.—Biopsy of the face is rarely done for inflammatory skin diseases, unless the entire process is confined to the face. Objective.—We hypothesized that facial dermatitis has a differential diagnosis that is more limited than the differential diagnosis of inflammatory skin diseases that affect other parts of the body. To our knowledge, the classification of inflammatory skin diseases occurring on the face has never been conducted before in the English literature. Design.—The most-recent 100 facial biopsies of inflammatory skin conditions were retrieved from our files, and the cases were categorized into the main inflammatory skin patterns. Results.—Forty-seven cases (47%) were categorized as interface dermatitis, 2 cases (2%) as psoriasiform dermatitis, 11 cases (11%) as spongiotic dermatitis, 16 cases (16%) as diffuse and nodular dermatitis, 8 cases (8%) as perivascular dermatitis, 14 cases (14%) as folliculitis and perifolliculitis, 1 case (1%) as panniculitis, and 1 case (1%) as fibrosing dermatitis. The number of diagnostic entities represented within each of these patterns was small. Conclusions.—We believe that facial dermatitis should have its own more-circumscribed differential diagnosis. From a practical viewpoint, many of the inflammatory skin diseases that affect other parts of the body should be excluded from the differential diagnosis after the tissue is determined to be from a facial skin biopsy, and others should not be considered unless the biopsy is from the face.

scholarly journals Non-invasive drug delivery technology: development and current status of transdermal drug delivery devices, techniques and biomedical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseem Akhtar ◽  
Varsha Singh ◽  
Mohammad Yusuf ◽  
Riaz A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Delivery Options

AbstractPay-load deliveries across the skin barrier to the systemic circulation have been one of the most challenging delivery options. Necessitated requirements of the skin and facilitated skin layer cross-over delivery attempts have resulted in development of different non-invasive, non-oral methods, devices and systems which have been standardized, concurrently used and are in continuous upgrade and improvements. Iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, magnetophoresis, dermal patches, nanocarriers, needled and needle-less shots, and injectors are among some of the methods of transdermal delivery. The current review covers the current state of the art, merits and shortcomings of the systems, devices and transdermal delivery patches, including drugs’ and other payloads’ passage facilitation techniques, permeation and absorption feasibility studies, as well as physicochemical properties affecting the delivery through different transdermal modes along with examples of drugs, vaccines, genes and other payloads.

scholarly journals Canine demodicosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
A. F. KOUTINAS (Α.Φ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) ◽  
M. N. SARIDOMICHELAKIS (Μ.Ν. ΣΑΡΙΔΟΜΙΧΕΛΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
C. K. KOUTINAS (X.Κ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Demodex Canis ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Face ◽  
One Year ◽  
Systemic Application ◽  
Localized Form

Canine demodicosis, which is caused by the follicular mite Demodex canis, is one of the most common skin diseases, especially in the young dog. Demodicosis can be localized or generalized; in the latter a parasite-specific cellular immunosuppression, which is genetically transmitted, is the cornerstone of its pathogenesis. Alopecia - hypotrichosis, erythema, hyperpigmentation, lichenification, papules, scales and crusts, first appear on the face and front limbs, to spread eventually to the other parts of the body. Superficial or deep staphylococcal pyoderma is a common complication, especially in the generalized form of the disease. Diagnosis will be confirmed by the presence of the mite in high numbers and at various developing stages in the skin scrapings. Treatment is not recommended for the localized form, which is almost always self-limiting. Various ectoparasiticides have been used in the generalized form of the disease, either for topical (amitraz) or systemic application (ivermectin, mylbemycin, moxidectin), with good results. Treatment is terminated when not a single parasite can be found in the skin scrapings on 2-3 consecutive monthly re-examinations. The animal is considered cured if there have not been any relapses one year since the end of the acaricidal treatment.

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