scholarly journals Analogies in behavioral and emotional disorders between dogs and humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (01) ◽  
pp. 6151-2019
Author(s):  
MAŁGORZATA GOLEMAN ◽  
ANNA OBŁODECKA ◽  
WANDA KRUPA ◽  
IWONA ROZEMPOLSKA-RUCIŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
The Social ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Neurophysiological Basis

Human-dog interactions not only shape interspecies relationships in the social context, but also affect the emotional and psychological state of both man and animal. One consequence of living in a developed and urbanized environment is an increase in the occurrence of civilization diseases, which include psychological and emotional disorders occurring not only in humans, but also in animals. The aim of the study was to analyze selected behavioral problems of dogs in the context of their equivalents among human mental illnesses. Such similarities have been demonstrated in early-development disorders, affective disorders, personality disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The development of knowledge about emotional disorders manifested by dogs may have significant importance in the prevention and treatment of human mental illnesses by providing information about their genesis, neurophysiological basis and heritability.

CLINICAL FEATURES OF NEUROTIC DISORDERS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Erkin Toirov ◽  
◽  
Nargiza Abdullaeva ◽  
Ibrat Akhmedov
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

When examining 168 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (113 women, 55 men), neurotic disorders were found in 72.6% of patients: 22.6% -mild, 35.1% –moderate, and 14.9%-severe. At low RA activity, neurotic disorders were diagnosed in 56.8% of patients, and at medium and high levels-in 73.9 and 84.3% of patients. The most common types of disorders were asthenic and vegetative disorders, the frequency of which was 60.7 and 63.1%. 24.4% of patients were diagnosed with emotional disorders, 12.5% with hypochondriacal disorders, 9.5% with hysterical disorders, and 4.8% with obsessive -compulsive disorders

Contemporary psychosurgery: indications, outcome and the Irish experience

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam O'Doherty ◽  
Paul K Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
National Unit ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

AbstractObjectives: To review recent use of psychosurgery in Britain and Ireland; to outline the indications and contraindications; and to summarise the Irish experience of psychosurgery.Method: The Geoffrey Knight National Unit for Affective Disorders (GKU), now based at the Maudsley Hospital has performed the largest number of psychosurgical operations in the last 30 years. This paper reviews criteria for referral and outcome of stereotactic subcaudate tractotomy at the GKU. The twenty-one referrals from Ireland to the Unit, resulting in eight operations over the fifteen year period 1981-1995, are considered separately.Results: The efficacy of stereotactic subcaudate tractotomy is of the order of 30-60% and there is a low incidence of long-term adverse effects. The outcome of the eight Irish patients who underwent psychosurgery compare favourably with the overall outcome figures for the Unit.Conclusions: Stereotactic subcaudate tractotomy remains a treatment of last resort in the rare cases of severely treatment-resistant affective disorders and obsessive compulsive disorders.

scholarly journals Duplex optogenetic stimulation system modulates compulsive behaviors bidirectionally

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edenia Menezes ◽  
◽  
David Ashurov ◽  
Catarina Sousa Cunha ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Spine Density ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors ◽  
Stimulation System ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Decisions enable us to consider our actions while adjusting behaviors to a relentlessly changing environment. Since conscious decision making requires our full attention and is therefore expensive, we use a cheaper system for everyday and repetitive tasks that run automatically without conscious evaluations, commonly described as habits. The combination of these two systems is highly adaptive. However, if there is a disruption in these systems’ balance, mental illnesses such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (OCD) or addiction may arise. Now, how does a newly acquired memory or behavior transition to a habit? We know that the striatum’s dorsolateral region (DLS) plays a significant role in sustaining successful behaviors and habits manifestation. Furthermore, it has been shown that the micro-circuitry of the DLS is organized into two functional opposing pathways that consist of the direct pathway striatal spiny projection neurons (dSPNs), which facilitate movement, and the indirect pathway SPNs, which inhibit actions. Already Freud wrote in the letters to his friend Fliess that memory and motive are inseparable, and its recollection would have no force or meaning unless it would be coupled to a motive or emotion. Therefore, we hypothesize that emotional-associated cues would directly prime the DLS through the amygdala to turn newly acquired behaviors into habits. We are adding new supporting insight for this hypothesis by using a duplex optogenetic stimulation system of the amygdala input in the DLS, modulating specific compulsive behaviors bidirectionally. These behavior modulations were accompanied by spine density modulations and intrinsic excitability changes in the SPNs of the DLS. Keywords: Compulsions; Habits; Optogenetics; Neuromodulation; Dorsolateral striatum; Amygdala.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE DIRECTION IN THEATMENT OF MENTAL ILLNESS USING SYNERGETIC EFFECTS OF BRAIN TISSUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Konstantin Shevchenko-Bitenskyi ◽  
Valeriy Bitenskyi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Serious Mental Illnesses ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

All etiopathogenetic concepts in modern medicine are based on causal, linear and deterministic relationships. The diseases with an unknown etiology obviously do not have pathogenesis and in relation to that there is no adequate therapy to date. Psychopharmacologists create pharma drugs for the treatment of mental illness based on the same linear principles. However, since the 60s of the 20th century, thanks to the discoveries of many great scientists (for example, Ilya Prigozhin –Nobel Laureate), ideas about nonlinear systems in the nature of the Earth and Human began to develop (Haken, 2007). In particular, most of the serious mental illnesses are classified as open, non-linear, unstable, selforganizing systems. It is obviously that these systems should be changed under the influence of “throwing” into their chaotic structure of a disturbing agent, creating new systems instead of painful ones on the basis of adaptive effects of pre- and postconditioning (PreC; PostC). We have examined and carried out a therapy with a “non-linear” complex of effects of cerebral hypo- and hyperthermia, inhalation of xenon (Xe) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) using intravenous induction and inhalation of valproate (normotimic effect) in 85 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders. A statistically significant (p> 0.001) therapeutic effect has been obtained in almost 100% (92%) of patients.

Dysregulation of DNA methylation during development as a potential mechanisms contributing to obsessive compulsive disorders and autism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
German I. Todorov ◽  
Karthikeyan Mayilvahanan ◽  
David Ashurov ◽  
Catarina Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Treatment Priority ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Knock Out Mice ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder, that is raising at a concerning rate. However, underlying mechanisms are still to be discovered. Obsessions and compulsions are the most debilitating aspect of these disorders (OCD), and they are the treatment priority for patients. SAPAP3 knock out mice present a reliable mouse model for repetitive compulsive behavior and are mechanistically closely related to the ASD mouse model Shank3 on a molecular level and AMPA receptor net effect. The phenotype of SAPAP3 knock out mice is obsessive grooming that leads to self-inflicted lesions by 4 months of age. Recent studies have accumulated evidence, that epigenetic mechanisms are important effectors in psychiatric conditions such as ASD and OCD. Methylation is the most studied mechanism, that recently lead to drug developments for more precise cancer treatments. We injected SAPAP3 mice with an epigenetic demethylation drug RG108 during pregnancy and delayed the onset of the phenotype in the offspring by 4 months. This result gives us clues about possible mechanism involved in OCD and ASD. Additionally, it shows that modulation of methylation mechanisms during development might be explored as a preventative treatment in the cases of high inherited risk of certain mental health conditions.

The Use of Quetiapine for Comorbid Bipolar and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
María Yoldi-Negrete ◽  
Mónica Flores-Ramos ◽  
Alejandra Montserrat Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽  
Carvajal-Lohr Armando ◽  
Jorge Ávila-Solorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document