scholarly journals The influence of inflammaging on oncogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (01) ◽  
pp. 6164-2019
Author(s):  
JANUSZ A. MADEJ
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Kappa Light Chain ◽  
Dependent Processes ◽  
Light Chain Enhancer

There is a specific antagonism between an aging organism and neoplasia, in which the tumor is considered to influence the local tissue. It returns to some atavistic features, including the thermodynamic approach (2nd law of thermodynamics, Fig. 1), causing the rejuvenation of the surrounding tissue. The existence of various theories of oncogenesis entitles their supplementation with the theory of inflammaging: an entropic inflammation that can potentially have an indirect influence on the oncogenesis. This theory covers the effects of various causes of aging, including genetically programmed changes, telomere dependent processes and damage of genome, epigenome and proteome particles. The paper describes the patomechanism of inflammaging, including the role of mitochondria (point mutations and deletions especially in mtDNA), oxidative stress with overproduction and accumulation of free radicals and NFkB factor (nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and the possibility of the influence of inflammaging on oncogenesis (Fig. 2). The inflamma-ging is programmed by hypothalamus using the immune-neuro-endocrine system, including gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) that inhibits the NFkB factor with the inactivation of kinase IKK-beta. Regardless of that, the chronic inflammation, exceeding its defensive competence, lasts for years and can also be the beginning of neoplastic cells proliferation.

scholarly journals The repression of nuclear factor I/CCAAT transcription factor (NFI/CTF) transactivating domain by oxidative stress is mediated by a critical cysteine (Cys-427)

2000 ◽  
Vol 348 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick MOREL ◽  
Robert BAROUKI
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Nuclear Factor I

The activity of the nuclear factor I/CCAAT transcription factor (NFI/CTF) is negatively regulated by oxidative stress. The addition of relatively high (millimolar) H2O2 concentrations inactivates cellular NFI DNA-binding activity whereas lower concentrations can repress NFI/CTF transactivating function. We have investigated the mechanism of this regulation using Gal4 fusion proteins and transfection assays. We show that micromolar H2O2 concentrations repress the transactivating domain of NFI/CTF in a dose-dependent manner and are less or not active on other transcription factors' transactivating domains. Studies using deletions and point mutations pointed to the critical role of Cys-427. Indeed, when this cysteine is mutated into a serine, the repression by H2O2 is totally blunted. Mutation of other cysteine, serine and tyrosine residues within the transactivating domain had no clear effect on the repression by H2O2. Finally, treatment of cells with the thiol-alkylating reagent N-ethylmaleimide leads to a decrease in the transactivating function, which is dependent on Cys-427. This study shows that transactivating domains of transcription factors can constitute very sensitive targets of oxidative stress and highlights the critical role of these domains.

Inactivation of Nf-κb Pathway by Taxifolin Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Chen Weiyan ◽  
Deng Wujian ◽  
Chen Songwei
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Kappa Light Chain ◽  
Cecal Ligation And Puncture ◽  
Light Chain Enhancer

Acute lung injury is a clinical syndrome consisting of a wide range of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure disorders. Sepsis is a serious complication caused by an excessive immune response to pathogen-induced infections, which has become a major predisposing factor for acute lung injury. Taxifolin is a natural flavonoid that shows diverse therapeutic benefits in inflammation- and oxidative stress-related diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of taxifolin in a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. Cecal ligation and puncture-operated mice presented damaged alveolar structures, thickened alveolar walls, edematous septa, and hemorrhage compared to sham-treated controls. Cecal ligation and puncture mice also showed increased wet-to-dry (W/D) lung weight ratio and elevated total protein concentration and lactate dehydrogenase level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Taxifolin treatment protected animals against sepsis-induced pulmonary damage and edema. Septic mice presented compromised antioxidant capacity, whereas the administration of taxifolin prior to cecal ligation and puncture surgery decreased malondialdehyde concentration and enhanced the levels of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase in mice with sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Moreover, cecal ligation and puncture-operated mice showed markedly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines relative to sham-operated group, while taxifolin treatment effectively mitigated sepsis-induced inflammation in mouse lungs. Further investigation revealed that taxifolin suppressed the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathway in cecal ligation and puncture-challenged mice by regulating the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα. In conclusion, our study showed that taxifolin alleviated sepsis-induced acute lung injury via the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathway, suggesting the therapeutic potential of taxifolin in the treatment sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

scholarly journals Role of Pirin, an Oxidative Stress Sensor Protein, in Epithelial Carcinogenesis

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Francisco Perez-Dominguez ◽  
Diego Carrillo-Beltrán ◽  
Rancés Blanco ◽  
Juan P. Muñoz ◽  
Grettell León-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Epithelial Cancers ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Sensor Protein ◽  
Cupin Superfamily ◽  
Functionally Diverse ◽  
Light Chain Enhancer

Pirin is an oxidative stress (OS) sensor belonging to the functionally diverse cupin superfamily of proteins. Pirin is a suggested quercetinase and transcriptional activator of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. Its biological role in cancer development remains a novel area of study. This review presents accumulating evidence on the contribution of Pirin in epithelial cancers, involved signaling pathways, and as a suggested therapeutic target. Finally, we propose a model in which Pirin is upregulated by physical, chemical or biological factors involved in OS and cancer development.

Επίδραση της αίμης στο φλεγμονώδες μικροπεριβάλλον των νεοπλασματικών κυττάρων

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Σοφία Γεωργίου
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Kappa Light Chain ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa ◽  
Light Chain Enhancer ◽  
Activated B Cells

Η αίμη (σύμπλοκο σιδήρου και πρωτοπορφυρίνης IX), επιτελεί σημαντικές ζωτικές λειτουργίες στον άνθρωπο, ως προσθετική ομάδα των αιμοπρωτεϊνών. Ωστόσο, στις αιμολυτικές παθήσεις, που αφορούν εκατομμύρια ανθρώπων παγκοσμίως, η κυτταροτοξική αίμη που απελευθερώνεται από τα καταστραμμένα RBCs επιδρά σε διάφορα όργανα. Η αίμη επάγει τον καταβολισμό της, μέσω της οξυγενάσης της αίμης-1 (HO-1), που ελέγχεται από τον NF-E2-σχετιζόμενο παράγοντα 2 (NRF2), τον κύριο μεταγραφικό παράγοντα που αποκρίνεται στο οξειδωτικό στρες. Ο ακριβής μηχανισμός με τον οποίο η αίμη σηματοδοτεί επί του NRF2 δεν είναι γνωστός. Τα Κ562, που αποτελούν ανθρώπινα πρόδρομα ερυθροκύτταρα, που αποκρίνονται στην αιμίνη (οξειδωμένη αίμη), χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ως μοντέλο για να διερευνηθεί η επαγόμενη από την αιμίνη κυτταροτοξικότητα (HIC), σε συγκεντρώσεις ≥50 μM και η ενεργοποίηση του Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/NRF2 αντιοξειδωτικού και αντιφλεγμονώδους σηματοδοτικού μονοπατιού. Η ενδοκυττάρια συσσώρευση της αιμίνης βρέθηκε να ρυθμίζει την πρόοδο από την αντιστρεπτή αναστολή της ανάπτυξης στον μη αποπτωτικό κυτταρικό θάνατο των Κ562 κυττάρων. Η αιμίνη προκάλεσε τη συσσώρευση δραστικών ριζών οξυγόνου (ROS) και ουβικουιτινυλιωμένων πρωτεϊνών, οδηγώντας σε διαταραχή της κυτταρικής πρωτεοστασίας. Παράλληλα, η αιμίνη ενεργοποίησε τον NRF2 μεταγραφικό παράγοντα, μέσω σταθεροποίησης σε πρωτεϊνικό επίπεδο και πυρηνικής μετατόπισης, ενώ δεν ενεργοποίησε το NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells)- προ-φλεγμονώδες μονοπάτι (πυρηνική μετατόπιση της p65 υπομονάδας και έκφραση κύριων προ-φλεγμονωδών γονιδίων). Η έκφραση των δύο NRF2-ρυθμιζόμενων γονίδιων, που κωδικοποιούν την λιγάση γλουταμικού-κυστεΐνης (GCLC) και τον αντι-μεταφορέα κυστίνης-γλουταμικού (xCT), ενεργοποιήθηκε σημαντικά. Μηχανιστικά, η αιμίνη σταθεροποίησε τα πρωτεϊνικά επίπεδα του NRF2, αναστέλλοντας την KEAP1-μεσολαβούμενη ουβικουιτινυλίωση του NRF2, και επάγοντας την ουβικουιτινυλίωση του KEAP1. Οι ουβικουιτινυλιωμένες πρωτεϊνικές μορφές του KEAP1, μεγάλων μοριακών μαζών, που σχηματίστηκαν στα κύτταρα που επωάσθηκαν με αιμίνη, διασπάστηκαν στο πρωτεάσωμα, ενώ ένα ποσοστό αυτών ανιχνεύτηκε και στον πυρήνα. Επιπλέον, η αιμίνη αύξησε την έκφραση των CXCL8, CXCL1 and CXCL2 μέσω της σταθεροποίησης των βραχύβιων μεταγράφων των γονιδίων αυτών. Παρά το γεγονός ότι οι θειόλες, όπως η γλουταθειόνη (GSH) είναι γνωστό ότι ανταγωνίζονται την HIC, δεν ήταν γνωστός ο μοριακός μηχανισμός. Χρησιμοποιώντας την N-ακετυλοκυστεΐνη (NAC), μία φαρμακευτική θειόλη, διαλευκάνθηκε ο μηχανισμός της προστασίας από την HIC. Το NAC ανέστειλε την ενδοκυττάρια συσσώρευση της αιμίνης και τα επαγόμενα από την αιμίνη κυτταρικά γεγονότα, αναστολή της κυτταρικής ανάπτυξης, κυτταρικό θάνατο, οξειδωτικό στρες, και συσσώρευση ουβικουιτινυλιωμένων πρωτεϊνών. Επίσης, η ενεργοποίηση του NRF2-επαγόμενου σηματοδοτικού μονοπατιού και η επαγωγή του CXCL8 αναστάλθηκαν από το NAC. Με τη τεχνολογία της εν σειράς φασματομετρίας μάζας (LC-MS/MS) αποδείχθηκε για πρώτη φορά ένας ειδικός μηχανισμός που περιλάμβανε τη χημική αντίδραση μεταξύ του NAC και της αιμίνης, όπου μετά από νουκλεόφιλη προσβολή δημιουργήθηκαν ομοιοπολικά προϊόντα σύζευξης (NAC-hemin adducts). Ανάλογα, GSH-hemin adducts επίσης ανιχνεύτηκαν, υποδηλώνοντας ότι τα thiol-hemin adducts μεσολάβησαν στην αναχαίτιση της HIC και στην αναστολή της NRF2-μεσολαβούμενης απάντησης και επαγωγής των CXC χημειοκινών. Συμπερασματικά, η μελέτη αυτή απέδειξε ότι η ενεργοποίηση του KEAP1/NRF2 σηματοδοτικού μονοπατιού και η επαγωγή των CXC χημειοκινών σε μετα-μεταγραφικό επίπεδο από την ελεύθερη αίμη/αιμίνη αντιπροσωπεύουν ομοιοστατικούς μηχανισμούς που ενεργοποιούνται σε παθοφυσιολογικές διαταραχές από την έκθεση στην κυτταροτοξική ελεύθερη αίμη/αιμίνη. Η ενεργοποίηση των μονοπατιών αυτών θα μπορούσε να αποτελεί πλατφόρμα για την ανάπτυξη παραγόντων/θεραπευτικών αναχαίτισης της HIC.

scholarly journals NF-κB signaling and crosstalk during carcinogenesis

4open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn L.D.M. Brücher ◽  
Florian Lang ◽  
Ijaz S. Jamall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Kappa Light Chain ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Light Chain Enhancer ◽  
Stimulation Of

Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that control the transcription of genetic information from DNA to mRNA by binding to specific DNA sequences either on their own or with other proteins as a complex. TFs thus support or suppress the recruitment of the corresponding RNA polymerase. In general, TFs are classified by structure or function. The TF, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), is expressed in all cell types and tissues. NF-κB signaling and crosstalk are involved in several steps of carcinogenesis including in sequences involving pathogenic stimulus, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, establishment of its remodeling to the precancerous niche (PCN) and transition of a normal cell to a cancer cell. Triggered by various inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB is activated along with other TFs with subsequent stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. The involvement of NF-κB in carcinogenesis provides an opportunity to develop anti-NF-κB therapies. The complexity of these interactions requires that we elucidate those aspects of NF-κB interactions that play a role in carcinogenesis, the sequence of events leading to cancer.

scholarly journals Role of Pirin, an Oxidative Stress Sensor Protein, in Epithelial Carcinogenesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Perez-Dominguez ◽  
Diego Carrillo-Beltrán ◽  
Rancés Blanco ◽  
Juan P. Muñoz ◽  
Grettell León-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Epithelial Cancers ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Sensor Protein ◽  
Cupin Superfamily ◽  
Functionally Diverse ◽  
Light Chain Enhancer

Pirin is an oxidative stress (OS) sensor belonging to the functionally diverse cupin superfamily of proteins. Pirin is a suggested quercetinase and transcriptional activator of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. Its biological role in cancer development remains as a novel area of study. This review shows accumulating evidence on the contribution of Pirin in epithelial cancers, signaling pathways involved, and as a suggested therapeutic target. Finally, we propose a model in which Pirin is upregulated by physical, chemical or biological factors involved in OS and cancer development.

scholarly journals ERβ and NFκB—Modulators of Zearalenone-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kowalska ◽  
Dominika Ewa Habrowska-Górczyńska ◽  
Kamila Domińska ◽  
Kinga Anna Urbanek ◽  
Agnieszka Wanda Piastowska-Ciesielska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Androgen Independence ◽  
Prostate Carcinogenesis ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Light Chain Enhancer

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) is commonly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) cells and is associated with increased proliferation, metastases and androgen independence. Zearalenone (ZEA) is one of the most common mycotoxins contaminating food, which might mimic estrogens and bind to estrogen receptors (ERs). The ratio of androgens to estrogens in men decreases physiologically with age, and is believed to participate in prostate carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the role of NFκB and ERβ in the induction of oxidative stress in human PCa cells by ZEA. As observed, ZEA at a dose of 30 µM induces oxidative stress in PCa cells associated with DNA damage and G2/M cell cycle arrest. We also observed that the inhibition of ERβ and NFΚB via specific inhibitors (PHTPP and BAY 117082) significantly increased ZEA-induced oxidative stress, although the mechanism seems to be different for androgen-dependent and androgen-independent cells. Based on our findings, it is possible that the activation of ERβ and NFΚB in PCa might protect cancer cells from ZEA-induced oxidative stress. We therefore shed new light on the mechanism of ZEA toxicity in human cells.

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