scholarly journals Expression of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in the pancreas of the European bison

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 6295-2019
Author(s):  
SYLWIA MOZEL ◽  
MAŁGORZATA MATYSEK ◽  
ANNA ZACHARKO-SIEMBIDA ◽  
RADOSŁAW SZALAK ◽  
MICHAŁ KRZYSIAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Tissue Capsule

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a recently discovered neuropeptide thought to mainly act in most laboratory mammals and humans as anorexigenic factor. The expression of CART in wild living animals is barely known. In the present study immunohistochemical stainings were applied to identify CART-immunoreactive (IR) structures in the pancreas of European bison. Antibodies against neuronal marker Hu C/D were used to visualize intrapancreatic neurons. The expression of CART was detected in approx. 75% of Hu C/D-IR intrapancreatic neurons which may thus also act as interneurons. Additionally, in most intrapancreatic ganglia single CART-IR non-varicose nerve fibers running between neurons were found. Pancreatic blood vessels as well as intralobular ducts were sparsely innervated with CART-IR nerve fibers. Moderately numerous CART-IR nerve terminals were found to innervate the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine tissue. None of islet endocrine cells showed the expression of CART. No presence of CART-IR neuronal elements were found in external connective tissue capsule and septa penetrating inside to the organ. Our study is the first to outline the presence of some differences in CART-ergic innervation pattern of the pancreas between domestic and wild mammals. The lack of CART-IR endocrine islet cells in the pancreas of European bison is an interesting finding, nevertheless its significance is largely unknown at the moment and needs to be further investigated.

Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multi-Color Confocal Microscopic Datasets: Automated Light Microscopic Discrimination of Synaptic Relationships

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
M Wessendorf ◽  
A Beuning ◽  
D Cameron ◽  
J Williams ◽  
C Knox
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Neuronal Somata ◽  
Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Entire Cell ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
Assisted Analysis

Multi-color confocal scanning-laser microscopy (CSLM) allows examination of the relationships between neuronal somata and the nerve fibers surrounding them at sub-micron resolution in x,y, and z. Given these properties, it should be possible to use multi-color CSLM to identify relationships that might be synapses and eliminate those that are clearly too distant to be synapses. In previous studies of this type, pairs of images (e.g., red and green images for tissue stained with rhodamine and fluorescein) have been merged and examined for nerve terminals that appose a stained cell (see, for instance, Mason et al.). The above method suffers from two disadvantages, though. First, although it is possible to recognize appositions in which the varicosity abuts the cell in the x or y axes, it is more difficult to recognize them if the apposition is oriented at all in the z-axis—e.g., if the varicosity lies above or below the neuron rather than next to it. Second, using this method to identify potential appositions over an entire cell is time-consuming and tedious.

SUBUNGUAL GLOMUS TUMOUR: THE ENIGMATIC CAUSE OF CHRONIC PAINFUL FINGER PULP - A CASE REPORT

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Mohit Naren Kondapalli ◽  
Kishore Babu EP ◽  
Affee Asma
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Glomus Tumour ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Venous Shunt ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Tissue Capsule ◽  
Dermis Layer ◽  
Glomus Body

Glomus tumour, also referred to as Barré–Masson syndrome is an enigmatic, rare, painful tumour that is that represents a proliferation of the normal capsular-neural glomus apparatus. These are rare hamartomas that arise from the traditional glomus apparatus, located in subcutaneous tissue These are benign soft tissue neoplasms presenting usually within the second to fourth decade of life, originating from the glomus body. It accounts for 1-5% of all upper limb soft tissue tumors . It's a component of the dermis layer of the [1] skin, involved in thermoregulation. It structurally consists of an arterio-venous shunt which is surrounded by a connective tissue capsule and is found in increased amounts in the ngers and toes.

Spontaneous action potential generation due to persistent sodium channel currents in simulated carotid body afferent fibers

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1394-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Body ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Afferent Nerve ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Afferent Nerve Fibers ◽  
Axonal Diameter ◽  
Spontaneous Action

The mechanism by which action potentials (APs) are generated in afferent nerve fibers in the carotid body is unknown, but it is generally speculated to be release of an excitatory transmitter and synaptic depolarizing events. However, previous results suggested that Na+ channels in the afferent nerve fibers play an important role in this process. To better understand the potential mechanism by which Na+ channels may generate APs, a mathematical model of chemoreceptor nerve fibers that incorporated Hodgkin-Huxley-type Na+ channels with kinetics of activation and inactivation, as determined previously from recordings of petrosal chemoreceptor neurons, was constructed. While the density of Na+ channels was kept constant, spontaneous APs arose in nerve terminals as the axonal diameter was reduced to that in rat carotid body. AP excitability and pattern were similar to those observed in chemoreceptor recordings: 1) a random pattern at low- and high-frequency discharge rates, 2) a high sensitivity to reductions in extracellular Na+ concentration, and 3) a variation in excitability that increased with AP generation rate. Taken together, the results suggest that an endogenous process in chemoreceptor nerve terminals may underlie AP generation, a process independent of synaptic depolarizing events.

scholarly journals Distribution of glucagon-like peptide I in canine and feline pancreas and gastrointestinal tract.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
C R Vaillant ◽  
P K Lund
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Cleavage Product ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Normal Pancreas ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Islet Tissue ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide

Recently, a putative hormone, glucagon-like peptide I (GLP I), has been identified in the predicted sequences of the precursors to pancreatic glucagon in human, rat, hamster, and ox. The distribution of GLP I immunoreactivity in canine and feline pancreas and gastrointestinal tract was examined immunohistochemically and was compared with that of two other antigenic determinants of pancreatic pro-glucagon, i.e., glucagon and the NH2 terminus of glicentin. All three determinants occurred in the same population of islet cells in normal pancreas and in pancreas consisting predominantly of islet tissue from dogs with canine pancreatic acinar atrophy. Northern blot analysis of mRNA from the latter tissue, using a rat pre-pro-glucagon complementary DNA probe, revealed a single mRNA species similar in size to the pre-pro-glucagon mRNA detected in fetal rat pancreas. The three antigenic determinants of pancreatic pro-glucagon were co-localized also in intestinal L-cells and in canine gastric A-cells. Canine and feline pancreatic pro-glucagons therefore resemble those identified in other mammals and may also occur in gastrointestinal endocrine cells. Although there is evidence that the GLP I sequence is not liberated from pancreatic pro-glucagon, our results raise the possibility that this putative hormone may be a cleavage product of pro-glucagon in the gastrointestinal tract.

[3H]nicotine binding sites are associated with mammalian optic nerve terminals

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen T. Prusky ◽  
Max S. Cynader
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Optic Tract ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine ◽  
Retinotectal Transmission

AbstractThe autoradiographic distribution of [3H]nicotine binding sites was examined in the superior colliculus in normal rats and cats, and in animals in which one or both eyes were removed. [3H]Nicotine binding sites in normal animals were densely concentrated in the superficial layers of the colliculus corresponding to the zone of termination of optic nerve fibers. Following bilateral enucleation, [3H]nicotine binding in the superficial collicular layers was drastically reduced. Unilateral enucleation markedly reduced [3H]nicotine binding sites in the colliculus contralateral to the removed eye, with little effect on the ipsilateral colliculus. These results provide further evidence that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have a presynaptic location on optic tract terminals and may therefore modulate retinotectal transmission in both the rat and cat visual system.

An unusual complication of Dura Film as a dural substitute

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1076-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Ongkiko ◽  
Jeffrey T. Keller ◽  
Frank H. Mayfield ◽  
Stewart B. Dunsker
Keyword(s):  
Acute Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Unusual Complication ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Acute Hemorrhage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dural Substitute ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Tissue Capsule

✓ Two cases are presented in which the patients developed an unusual complication following the use of an artificial dural substitute, silicone-coated Dacron (Dura Film). Both patients had undergone removal of a tumor and involved dura. The first patient developed a very thick connective-tissue capsule of the graft material which simulated a recurrent tumor. The second patient developed an acute hemorrhage initially thought to be an acute subdural hematoma beneath the artificial dura 9 weeks after tumor removal and implantation of the graft. A review of the literature and proposed mechanisms of these complications are presented.

Fluorescence-activated cell sorted rat islet cells and studies of the insulin secretory process

1996 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Josefsen ◽  
J P Stenvang ◽  
H Kindmark ◽  
P-O Berggren ◽  
T Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Paracrine Interaction

Abstract Studies of individual cell types in the islets of Langerhans are complicated by the cells' functional coupling by gap junctions and paracrine interaction. Access to purified alpha and beta cells is therefore desirable. We present a simplified and optimized method for fluorescence-activated cell sorting of endocrine pancreatic rat islets. For dispersion of the islets, dispase was superior to trypsin, as the number of vital single cells was higher (1·1 ± 0·1 × 103 vs 0·6 ± 0·1 × 103/islet, P<0·05). The purity of the sorted cells was 96·7 ± 1·2% for the non-beta cells and 97·8 ± 0·6% for the beta cells (numbers in percentages of endocrine cells). In culture, isolated beta cells, non-beta cells and mixtures of beta and non-beta cells formed aggregates, but not at low temperature (4 °C) and not in medium with low serum content (2%). Finally, in pure beta cell aggregates, glucose stimulated changes in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration although both glucose- and arginine-induced insulin secretion was much reduced. We conclude that alpha cells are necessary for insulin secretion but not for glucose sensing. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 149, 145–154

scholarly journals Histamine-containing peripheral neuronal and endocrine systems.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 933-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Panula ◽  
M Kaartinen ◽  
M Mäcklin ◽  
E Costa
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Rat Ileum

An immunohistochemical method was developed to detect histamine in tissues. The aim of this study was to reveal the cellular stores of histamine in the gastrointestinal tract, pituitary, and adrenal gland. Histamine-containing nerve fibers were found in both rat and guinea pig gut. The origin of at least some of these fibers in the rat ileum was the submucous ganglion cell layer. In the rat stomach, numerous enterochromaffin-like cells exhibited histamine immunofluorescence, and endocrine cells in the ileum and jejunum contained histamine. Only mast cells contained histamine in the neurohypophysis. A large number of process-bearing cells in the guinea pig but not in the rat adrenal medulla contained histamine. The study shows that histamine is present in peripheral nerves and endocrine cells in addition to mast cells, and may function as a neurotransmitter or hormone.

scholarly journals FINE STRUCTURE OF THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIS OF THE OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS VIRGINIANA)

1964 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Roth ◽  
Sarah A. Luse
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Neurosecretory Granules ◽  
Glandular Tissue ◽  
Herring Bodies ◽  
Distinctive Type ◽  
Hilar Region

The neurohypophysis of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana) was studied by electron microscopy in order to amplify Bodian's classic light microscopic observations in which he demonstrated a definite lobular pattern. The lobule of the opossum neurohypophysis is divided into three regions: a hilar, a palisade, and a septal zone. The hilar portion contains bundles of nerve fibers, the extensions of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract containing neurofilaments but few neurosecretory granules. In the opossum, pituicytes have a densely fibrillar cytoplasm. Herring bodies are prominent in the hilar region. They are large bodies packed with neurosecretory granules that have been described as end bulb formations of axons. From the hilar region, axons fan out into a palisade zone where the nerve terminals packed with neurosecretory granules, mitochondria, and microvesicles abut upon basement membranes. The neurosecretory granules are similar to those present in the neurohypophysis of other mammals, except for an occasional huge granule of distinctive type. Material morphologically and histochemically resembling glycogen occurs as scattered particles and as aggregates within nerve fibers. The septal zone, containing collagen, fibroblasts, and numerous small capillaries, is separated from the adjacent glandular tissue by a basement membrane.

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