Socio-Cultural Factors Associated with Gender Based Violence in Chipata City, Zambia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-243
Author(s):  
Beatrice May Banda
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gender Based

Gender-Based Violence and Factors Associated with Victimization among Female Entertainment Workers in Cambodia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052094814
Author(s):  
Carlijn Willeke Wieten ◽  
Pheak Chhoun ◽  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Carinne Brody ◽  
Siyan Yi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Forced Sex ◽  
Female Entertainment Workers ◽  
Gender Based

Women working in the entertainment industry are confronted with various forms of gender-based violence (GBV). However, their vulnerability remains understudied, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aims to examine the prevalence of GBV among female entertainment workers (FEWs) in Cambodia and identify factors associated with victimization. We conducted a cross-sectional study in November 2018 for the impact evaluation of a randomized controlled trial. We used a stratified random sampling method to recruit 600 FEWs from different entertainment venues in the capital city and three other provinces. Female data collectors administered a structured questionnaire, and we performed multiple logistic regression analyses. Of the total, 60.5% had experienced a form of GBV during their lifetime; of whom, 37.5% experienced the GBV in the past 6 months. The prevalence of emotional abuse, forced substance use, physical abuse, and forced sex was 51.5%, 25.0%, 20.6%, and 2.9%, respectively. Forced substance use and forced sex were mainly perpetrated by clients, physical abuse by intimate partners, and emotional abuse by others such as entertainment establishment owners or managers. FEWs victimized by clients (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.07, 0.53]) and others (RRR = 0.11, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.44]) were less likely to be married compared with victims of intimate partner violence. Factors associated with sexual harassment were working in beer gardens (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.39, 95% CI = [1.20, 4.73]) and restaurants/cafés (aOR = 1.65, 95% CI = [1.01, 2.69]), and having higher acceptance of violence against women (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.24]). FEWs in Cambodia experience high levels and unique forms of GBV as they are confronted with different types of perpetrators. Interventions need to be tailored to fit the specific needs of FEWs. Interventions aimed at reducing client-perpetrated violence should specifically focus on forced substance use and forced sex, while physical abuse by intimate partners should also be addressed.

scholarly journals Attitudes and Factors Associated With Occurrence of Gender-Based Violence in Rural and Urban Households in Ibadan

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Adegbite Motunrade Betty
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Favourable Attitude ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Gender Based

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is the resultant of gender-related power inequalities at both public and private spheres. GBV occurrence in rural and urban areas of Ibadan is the focus of this study. The study evaluated the attitude and factors associated with GBV occurrence among rural and urban households in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were collected from 200 respondents in Ibadan using interview schedule and structured questionnaire. Descriptive (frequency counts and percentages) and inferential statistics (PPMC and Regression analysis) were used to analyse the data collected. Many of the respondents (53.3%) had a favourable attitude against GBV. Household size (β = 0.204), attitude against GBV (β = -0.394), family influence (β = 0.287), superiority complex (β = 0.633) and substance abuse (β = 0.347) were factors associated with the rate of GBV occurrence. Despite the favourable attitude of people against GBV, the menace is still prevalent in the society. The general public needs enlightenment on the jeopardy associated with GBV. It is therefore recommended that suitable strategies like social media advocacy and entertainment education be put in place to enlighten the populace on the magnitudes of GBV occurrence so as to abate it among inhabitants.

scholarly journals Gender-based violence: Experiences from two tertiary care settings in Sri Lanka

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Dasuni Yahanika Pathiraja ◽  
Ramya Priyanwada Pathiraja ◽  
Lakshmen Senanayake ◽  
Rukshani Mayawanthi Edirisinghe ◽  
Nethanjalie Mapitigama
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Health Seeking Behavior ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Economic Violence ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Gender Based

Background: This study aimed to obtain an overview of survivors of gender-based violence GBV who seek care, different types and consequences of (GBV), their modes of referral, factors associated with GBV, characteristics of the perpetrators, health-seeking behavior of the care-seekers and the service provided by GBV Care Centers in two tertiary care settings Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2019 at two GBV care centers in a Women’s Hospital and a General Hospital in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Sociodemographic details of care-seekers, referral methods, types of violence experienced and their consequences, factors associated with GBV, characteristics of the perpetrator, health seeking behavior of those seeking care, and the services provided, were obtained from the hospital records.  Results: Records from all care seekers (n=495 women, no men) were obtained, and 488 were suitable for analysis. More women presented with GBV to the Women’s Hospital compared to the General Hospital (395 vs 93, p<0.001), and there were significant differences in modes of referral between the two hospitals. A large majority had suffered emotional and economic violence, although physical or sexual violence were the reasons for referral to the centers. Suicidal tendencies had been reported by 20%. In 94.2% of cases the husband, lover or partner was the perpetrator. Physical violence was more likely in married women, those who did not report a stable relationship, and in those who were employed. Of the 488 women, 37% were pregnant at the time of violence. Most of the women had confided with another female about the violence. Less than 5% came for follow-up. Conclusions: GBV care services should be offered in all hospitals, especially those providing maternity and gynaecological care. Emotional and economic violence are common but often overlooked. There is a need to increase public awareness about GBV.

Factors Associated with Gender-Based Violence Perpetration by Male High School Students in Eastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110219
Author(s):  
Addisu Shunu Beyene ◽  
Catherine Chojenta ◽  
Deborah Loxton
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
School Students ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Country Study ◽  
Male High School ◽  
Gender Based

Gender-based violence (GBV) perpetration is a severe problem among youths in schools and the community at large. As most studies focused on adults, this study aimed to investigate factors associated with GBV by male high school students in eastern Ethiopia. An institutional based cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,109 male students aged 15–24 years in eastern Ethiopia in December 2018 using self-administered WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Life Events and UN Multi-Country study on perpetration. Poisson regression model was used to determine the prevalence ratio. Multivariable analysis showed that having girlfriend, chewing khat, drinking alcohol, watching pornography and being sexually active increased the prevalence of perpetrating any type of GBV (emotional, physical, sexual, and overall GBV) by young male in the last 12 months. Compared to those who did not smoke tobacco, smokers had an prevalence of perpetrating emotional violence (adj. PrR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.03–1.44) and any type of GBV (adj. PrR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.00–1.31). Young males who had a mother who had completed Grade 9–12 (adj. PrR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.59–0.96) had a 25% lower prevalence of perpetrating emotional violence compared to male students who had an illiterate mother. Young males who had used illicit drugs, smoked shisha (adj. PrR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.10–1.77), and were married (adj. PrR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.15–3.12) had a higher prevalence of perpetrating sexual violence compared to young males who hadn’t used smoked shisha and were not married, respectively. Young males who had discussed reproductive health with their family (adj. PrR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.03–1.24) and who chewed khat (adj. PrR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.02–1.55) had a higher prevalence of perpetrating any GBV compared to young men who hadn’t discussed reproductive health with their parents and who hadn’t chewed khat, respectively. Any type of GBV (emotional, sexual, or physical violence) was significantly associated with several individual and relationship factors. Effective prevention and intervention programs should be focused on education of the influence of pornography, prevention of substance use and interventions for those in romantic relationships could all assist in reducing GBV.

scholarly journals Factors associated with experiencing sexual violence among female gender-based violence survivors in conflict-afflicted eastern Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadna Capasso ◽  
Halyna Skipalska ◽  
Sally Guttmacher ◽  
Natalie G. Tikhonovsky ◽  
Peter Navario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Psychosocial Services ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Background Since 2014, over 1.6 million people have been forcibly displaced by the conflict in eastern Ukraine. In 2014, 8% of reproductive-aged women in Ukraine had ever experienced sexual violence, compared to 5% in 2007. This increase was driven by non-domestic sexual violence. Our study examined characteristics of women in eastern Ukraine receiving psychosocial services following sexual violence compared to survivors of other forms of gender-based violence. Methods Intake data collected between February 2016 and June 2017 by psychosocial service providers in five conflict-affected areas of Ukraine from women, aged 15–49, (N = 8525), was analyzed. Descriptive analysis and covariate adjusted logistic and negative binomial regressions were used to identify socioeconomic, incident and access to services factors associated with having experienced sexual violence compared to other forms of violence. Results Among this sample of survivors receiving psychosocial services, 2.6% (n = 220) reported experiencing sexual violence. A majority of sexual violence acts reported were committed by non-domestic perpetrators (61.4%); followed by intimate partners (25.9%). Almost half of sexual violence cases occurred at home (49.1%). Experiencing sexual violence was positively associated with being younger, single and internally displaced, and negatively with engaging in unpaid labor, such as childcare. Women who experienced sexual violence delayed seeking care by 4 days compared to other gender-based violence survivors. Sexual violence survivors were less likely than physical violence survivors to have reported the incident prior to receiving care (adjusted odds ratio = 0.39; 95% confidence interval = 0.28–0.54). Conclusions Non-domestic and intimate partner sexual violence were both prevalent in our sample. Compared to survivors disclosing other types of gender-based violence, sexual violence survivors appear to face unique barriers to reporting and accessing timely care. Prevention and outreach programs tailored to the specific vulnerabilities, such as displacement status, and needs of sexual violence survivors in conflict settings are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Association Between Socio-Cultural Factors and HIV And AIDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Tej Bahadur Karki
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Garment Factory ◽  
Gender Based

Background: society is a web of relationship and cultural is manmade. Social change depends on the socio-cultural norms and values. With changing of society, prevalence of HIV and AIDS came in existence from 1988 in Nepal and brought the disturbance on social harmony. This study investigated the roles of socio-cultural factors increasing the risk of HIV and AIDS in Nepalese context. Methods: study was non-experimental cross sectional. In total 404 respondents were randomly selected from the workers of long route transport, brick factory, and garment factory and health sectors. The study was conducted from Oct 2012 to Mar 2013 in Kathmandu valley.Result: There was association found between stigma (p=.033), human trafficking (p=.000), trust on sex partners (p=.001), gender based violence (p=.000), early marriage (p=.000), gender inequality (p=.000) and polygamy (p=.002) and HIV and AIDS. 56.7%, 93.6%, 77.0% and 94.3% respondents agreed on association between the stigma and discrimination, human trafficking, trust on sex partners and polygamy respectively with HIV and AIDS. Similarly, 52% respondents were found disagree on association between early marriage with risk of HIV transmission. Majority of respondents are not sure to say the association of genders based violence (36.7%) and gender inequality (36.1%) with risk of HIV and AIDS. Conclusion: Significant association found between the socio-cultural factors (such stigma and discrimination, human trafficking, trust on sex partners, gender based violence, early marriage system, gender inequality and polygamy) and HIV and AIDS.

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