Gender-Based Violence and Factors Associated with Victimization among Female Entertainment Workers in Cambodia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052094814
Author(s):  
Carlijn Willeke Wieten ◽  
Pheak Chhoun ◽  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Carinne Brody ◽  
Siyan Yi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Forced Sex ◽  
Female Entertainment Workers ◽  
Gender Based

Women working in the entertainment industry are confronted with various forms of gender-based violence (GBV). However, their vulnerability remains understudied, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aims to examine the prevalence of GBV among female entertainment workers (FEWs) in Cambodia and identify factors associated with victimization. We conducted a cross-sectional study in November 2018 for the impact evaluation of a randomized controlled trial. We used a stratified random sampling method to recruit 600 FEWs from different entertainment venues in the capital city and three other provinces. Female data collectors administered a structured questionnaire, and we performed multiple logistic regression analyses. Of the total, 60.5% had experienced a form of GBV during their lifetime; of whom, 37.5% experienced the GBV in the past 6 months. The prevalence of emotional abuse, forced substance use, physical abuse, and forced sex was 51.5%, 25.0%, 20.6%, and 2.9%, respectively. Forced substance use and forced sex were mainly perpetrated by clients, physical abuse by intimate partners, and emotional abuse by others such as entertainment establishment owners or managers. FEWs victimized by clients (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.07, 0.53]) and others (RRR = 0.11, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.44]) were less likely to be married compared with victims of intimate partner violence. Factors associated with sexual harassment were working in beer gardens (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.39, 95% CI = [1.20, 4.73]) and restaurants/cafés (aOR = 1.65, 95% CI = [1.01, 2.69]), and having higher acceptance of violence against women (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.24]). FEWs in Cambodia experience high levels and unique forms of GBV as they are confronted with different types of perpetrators. Interventions need to be tailored to fit the specific needs of FEWs. Interventions aimed at reducing client-perpetrated violence should specifically focus on forced substance use and forced sex, while physical abuse by intimate partners should also be addressed.

Factors associated with anxiety disorders among patients with substance use disorders in Lebanon: Results of a cross‐sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadia Haddad ◽  
Mouhamad J. Darwich ◽  
Sahar Obeid ◽  
Hala Sacre ◽  
Maha Zakhour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Factors associated with HIV testing among female entertainment workers in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Carinne Brody ◽  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Pheak Chhoun ◽  
Khimuy Tith ◽  
Sopheap Oum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Entertainment Workers

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gender-Based Violence and pregnancy outcome in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Selected Primary Health Care Centres in Abuja FCT, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-292
Author(s):  
Christabel Oyowo Ayeni
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Gender Based

Objective: The Aim Of The Study Was To Determine The Prevalence Of Gender-Based Violence And Pregnancy Outcomes In Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinics In Two Selected Primary Health Care Centres At Abuja FCT, Nigeria. Methodology: The Descriptive And Analytical Cross-Sectional Research Design And A Convenience Sampling Method Were Used. A Pretested Semi-Structured Questionnaire With A Cronbach’s Alpha Value Of 0.77 Was Administered With The Interviewer-Administered Data Collection Technique To Collect Data. The Study Population Were Pregnant Women Who Attended Antenatal Clinic At The Primary Health Care Centres At Karu And Jikwoyi In Abuja-FCT; The Sample Size Was 384 Pregnant Women Between The Ages Of 15-44 Years. Raw Data Generated From The Completed Questionnaire Was Analysed For Simple Frequency, Percentage, And Chi-Square Analysis Using The SPSS Version 16. Results: Prevalence Of GBV Among The Participants Was 59.6%, 99.4% Accounted For Emotional Abuse, Physical Abuse At 28.5%, And Sexual Abuse At 13.6%. The Findings Indicate That GBV Single Cases Of Emotional Abuse Was 66.7%, Physical Abuse Was 0.4%, Combined Cases Of Emotional And Physical Violence Were 19.3%, Emotional Combined With Sexual Was 4.8%, While The Case Of Multiple Violence Of Emotional, Physical And Sexual Was 8.8%. Overall, Husbands Were The Perpetrators Of The Abuse And Accounted For Emotional Abuse At 96.9%, Physical At 89.2%, And Sexual Abuse At 100.0%. Conclusion: The Effect Of Physical Abuse On Pregnant Outcome Among Pregnant Women In Their Previous Pregnancies Was That 27.6% Had A Miscarriage, While 6.9% Had Preterm Delivery.

scholarly journals How do College Students in India Respond to Gender-Based Violence (GBV)?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Stephanie Asher ◽  
Nitasha Nagaraj ◽  
Amita Vyas
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Gender Based

Rates of gender-based violence remain high during college in India, a time of adolescent malleability where gender norms, gender perspectives, and responses to violence are open to change. Few gender-based violence interventions focus on college students and even fewer on bystander intervention as a preventative approach - a concept novel to India. This cross-sectional study reached 603 college students in India to examine current gender norms and perspectives, bystander intervention behaviours, and discussion of gender-based violence on campuses. Statistically significant differences were found between male and female college students in all scenarios of bystander intervention response and frequency of discussion of gender-based violence. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed significant differences in those who had never seen violence or had a positive bystander intervention response, compared to those who responded negatively. Given the findings, targeting college students appears a promising approach to change the narrative of gender-based violence and norms in India.

scholarly journals Factors associated with induced abortion among female entertainment workers: a cross-sectional study in Cambodia

BMJ Open ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. e007947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyan Yi ◽  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Pheak Chhoun ◽  
Khuondyla Pal ◽  
Khimuy Tith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Entertainment Workers

Examining the Role of Substance Abuse in Elder Mistreatment: Results From Mistreatment Investigations

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendon J. Conrad ◽  
Pi-Ju Liu ◽  
Madelyn Iris
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Elder Mistreatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Substance Use Problems ◽  
Financial Exploitation

Substance abuse has long been identified as a risk factor for elder mistreatment, yet research on the topic remains sparse. This study tested hypotheses whether perpetrator and victim substance use problems were associated with financial exploitation, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect versus no abuse. Cross-sectional data were collected on 948 cases with yes/no substantiation decisions where 357 cases had no abuse in elder mistreatment investigations. Hypotheses were tested using odds ratios, bivariate, and multiple linear regression analyses including a control for victim vulnerability. Of 948 alleged victims, 42 (4.4%) exhibited signs of substance use problems. Among the 323 alleged perpetrators, 87 (26.9%) were reported to have substance use problems. Substance use problems by alleged perpetrators were associated ( p < .01) with financial exploitation, physical abuse, and emotional abuse but not neglect. Substance use problems by alleged victims were associated with neglect, but not the other types. Alleged perpetrators with substance use problems tended to commit multiple forms of abuse, were male and not caregivers. Except for the findings on neglect, the associations with elder mistreatment were stronger for alleged perpetrators with substance use problems, than for alleged victims. Clarification of the role of perpetrator risk factors such as substance abuse should improve risk identification and subsequent intervention.

Experience of Gender-based Violence by Internally Displaced Women in Southern Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110014
Author(s):  
Oluwadamilola A. Adejumo ◽  
Lorretta Ntoimo ◽  
Michael S. Odimayo ◽  
Wasiu O. Adebimpe ◽  
Benedette Okiei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Reproductive Health Issue ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Gender Based

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a reproductive health issue prevalent among persons in conflict and post-conflict situations, but is largely under-reported in Nigeria. Although GBV affects both sexes, the prevalence is higher in women as compared to men. The objective of this study was to assess the experiences of female internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Nigeria during conflict and post-conflict situations. The study was conducted among IDPs in Edo State, south-south region of Nigeria. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire administered on 300 female IDPs. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted. GBV perpetrated by non-family members during conflict was experienced by 22.2% of the respondents while 13.5% experienced post-conflict violence. Up to 12.2% reported violence by intimate partners. Physical violence was commonly experienced during conflict, while sexual violence was most common post-conflict. Logistic regression analysis showed that the vulnerable categories of women were adolescents, unmarried women, women of Hausa origin, women who never attended school, and those whose displacement took place in the year prior to the study. The IDP camp appeared to offer some protection against GBV as those who had stayed in the camp longer were less likely to experience post-conflict GBV. The lack of implementation of effective laws and regulations that prevent violence against women and punish perpetuators in the country, and the ineffective security systems are some of the factors that sustain GBV. The results of this study have implications for the design of programs for the prevention of GBV during conflict and post-conflict situations.

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